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Tabi‘un
The tābiʿūn (, also accusative or genitive tābiʿīn , singular ''tābiʿ'' ), "followers" or "successors", are the generation of Muslims who followed the Companions of the Prophet, companions (''ṣaḥāba'') of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and thus received their teachings secondhand. A ''tābiʿ'' knew at least one ''ṣaḥābī''. As such, they played an important part in the development of Islamic thought and knowledge, and in the political development of the early caliphate. The next generation of Muslims after the ''tabiʿūn'' are called the ''Tabi' al-Tabi'in, tābiʿ at-tābiʿīn'' . The first three generations of Muhammad's followers make up the ''salaf'' of Islam. Sunni definition Muslims from the Sunni branch of Islam define a ''tābiʿ'' as a Muslim who: # Saw at least one of the companions of Muhammad # Was rightly-guided (''ar-rāšidūn'') # One who died in that state. The Khawarij are therefore not referred to as tābiʿūn even though they saw many of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abu Muslim Al-Khawlani
Abu Muslim Al-Khawlani () (died 684) was a well-known ''tabi'i'' (plural: taba'een) and a prominent religious figure in Damascus, Syria. He was one of the 'Eight Ascetics,' who also included Amir ibn Abd al-Qays, Uways al-Qarani, Al-Rabi ibn Khuthaym, al-Aswad ibn Yazid, Masruq ibn al-Ajda', Sufyan al-Thawri ibn Said and Hasan al-Basri. Stories of his life Sheikh 'Aa'id Abdullah al-Qarni said that Al Aswad al `Ansi, a man in Yemen who claimed prophethood, asked Abu Muslim to believe in him and testify that he is a messenger. Abu Muslim told him: "I can't hear a thing." Al Aswad al `Ansi prepared firewood and threw him in fire. Abu Muslim said: "''Hasbuna'Llah wa ni`mal wakeel'' ("Allah is sufficient for us and He is the best Protector", words that Muslims believe Abraham in Islam, Ibrahim (Abraham) said when he was thrown in fire, so God made the fire cool and safe for him. Al-‘Ansi’s advisors told him that if he did not banish Abu Muslim from Yemen, he would be a source of F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aban Ibn Uthman
Abu Sa'id Aban ibn Uthman ibn Affan al-Umawi (; died 105 AH/723 CE) was a Muslim historian and traditionalist. He also served a seven-year stint as governor of Medina in 695–702, during the reign of the Umayyad caliph Abd al-Malik (). Biography Aban was a son of Uthman (), the third Rashidun caliph. His mother was Umm Amr bint Jundab ibn Amr al-Dawsiyya of the Azd tribe of Yemen. During the First Fitna, which occurred in the wake of his father's assassination, Aban fought alongside the forces of A'isha and his Umayyad kinsmen against the fourth Rashidun caliph Ali () at the Battle of the Camel in November 656. As A'isha's supporters were on the verge of defeat, Aban fled the battle. Later, the Umayyad caliph Abd al-Malik () appointed Aban governor of Medina in 695 and he continued in the post until being replaced by Hisham ibn Isma'il al-Makhzumi in 702. During his term, he led the funeral prayers, as was customary of the governor, for Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya, a son of Ali ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alqama Ibn Qays
Alqama ibn Qays al-Nakha'i () (d. was a well-known scholar from among the '' taba'een'' and pupil of Abd-Allah ibn Mas'ud, who called him the most erudite of his disciples. He also related traditions from Ali ibn Abi Talib, Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas (Sa`d ibn Malik) and `Uthman. 'Alqama is the founder of the School of Kufa in Islamic religious sciences. He followed in the footsteps of Ibn Mas‘ud in praying and conduct, in practising Islam as a whole. Amr ibn Shurahbil al-Sha'bi, who was among the scholars who narrated ''ahadith'' from 'Alqama, frequently suggested to those near him: ‘Come and let us go to the one who resembles Ibn Mas‘ud the most in conduct and attitudes.’I. Sa’d, 6.86; Abu Nu‘aym, 2.98 His major student was Ibrahim al-Nakha'i, a faqih from Kufa Imam Abu Hanifa, who is generally accepted as one of the greatest of Muslim jurists, admired 'Alqama so much that he used to comment: ‘'Alqama is probably more profound in (knowledge) of ''hadith'' and ''fiq ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amir Al-Sha'bi
Abū ʿAmr ʿĀmir ibn Sharāḥīl ibn ʿAbd al-Kūfī al-Shaʿbī (), 641–723, commonly known as Imam al-Sha'bi or al-Sha'bi, was an Arab historian and jurist of the ''tabi'un'', born during the rule of Umar ibn al-Khattab. As a prominent figure in Kufa, al-Sha'bi was heavily involved in the political struggle in Iraq between Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr, Mukhtar al-Thaqafi, Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf, and Ibn al-Ash'ath. Al-Sha’bi has been appointed among the first jurists of leading Islamic law, including ʽAbd al-Razzaq al-Sanʽani and Ibn Abi Shaybah. Al-Sha'bi seems to have been interested in reconstructing chronologies of historical events. Accounts attributed to him primarily concern themselves with conquests in eastern provinces of the caliphate, and one deals with the chronology of the life of Muhammad. Al-Sha'bi was known for his moderate view who denouncing extremism during the time of political upheavals. Biography ʿĀmir al-Shaʿbī belonged to the Banū Hassā ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ata Ibn Abi Rabah
Ata ibn Abi Rabah (; ) was a prominent early Muslim jurist and hadith transmitter of Nubian origin who served as the ''mufti'' of Mecca in the late seventh and early eighth centuries. He is considered a leading figure of the early Meccan school of ''fiqh''. Early life Ata was born in the town of Muwalladi l-Janad in Yemen. Although early biographical sources differ on the exact year of his birth, it is generally accepted he was born towards the beginning of Uthman ibn Affan's reign, . His mother was a Nubian basket weaver while his father, named Aslam, is described as being dark-skinned and flat-nosed. Ata was a cripple and possessed a limp, and while he was born with one healthy eye, he later went completely blind. Life as a scholar Ata was raised in Mecca as a ''mawla'' (client) of the Qurayshi Abu Khuthaym al-Fihri, where he worked as a Quran teacher, before being recognised for his expertise in ''fiqh''. He was later appointed mufti of the city by the Umayyads and ta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hammam Ibn Munabbih
Hammam ibn Munabbih () was an Islamic scholar, from among the Tabi‘in and one of the narrators of hadith. Biography Family Hammam was the son of Munabbih ibn Kamil and brother of Wahb ibn Munabbih. Students According to the ''Siyar A'lam al-Nubala''' of Al-Dhahabi, Hammam would teach one of his main students, Ma'mar ibn Rashid, about the traditions of Abu Hurayra in Medina. Subsequently, Ma'mar travelled to and lived out the rest of his life in Sanaa. Later, Mam'ar's traditions were transmitted to ʽAbd al-Razzaq al-Sanʽani, Abdullah b. al-Mubarak, and others. Death There is disagreement among scholars on the date of Hammam's death. Two conflicting clusters of dates exist for Hummam's death in biographical dictionaries. The first cluster being 101 or 102AH/719-720, the second being 131 or 132AH/749-750. The more common death date in the sources is 749/750, and Harald Motzki has proposed that the alternative date may have been a product of a copying error. Sahifa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abbad Ibn Abd Allah Az-Zubair
Abbad ibn Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr al-Asadi () was a Tabi'un and a narrator of hadith (quotations and anecdotes of Muhammad), and a judge in Mecca when it was ruled by his father, Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr. Biography Abbad was taught and influenced by various Companions of Muhammad, including Umar, his grandmother Asma bint Abi Bakr, his grandmother's sister and wife of Muhammad, Aisha, along with the scribe Zayd ibn Thabit and his own father Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr. His students, to whom he narrated the Hadith, were his son Yahya, 'Abd al-Wahid ibn Hamza ibn 'Abd Allah, Hisham ibn Urwah, his cousin Muhammad ibn Ja'far ibn al-Zubayr, and 'Abd Allah ibn 'Ubayd Allah ibn Abi Mulayka. Hadith Hadith scholars deem Abbad as an authentic and trustworthy narrator of hadith. Abi Dawud narrated Abdullah ibn Ubaydullah ibn Umayr narrated during the time of Second Fitna, 'Abbad were asking Abdullah ibn Umar: We have heard that the evening meal is taken just before the night prayer. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahnaf Ibn Qais
Abu Bahr Al-Ahnaf ibn Qays () was a Muslim commander who lived during the time of Islamic prophet Muhammad. He hailed from the Arab tribe of Banu Tamim and was born of noble parents. Initially, his father named him ad-Dhahhak, but people called him ''al-Ahnaf'', which meant "the clubfooted" in classical Arabic. Al-Baladhuri, however, noted that he was also identified as Abdallah ibn Khazim. Early life In the early years of Islam, Muhammad sent a missionary to the tribe of Banu Tamim. The tribe members had informed the missionary that no decision could be taken until Al-Ahnaf told them his opinion. Al-Ahnaf listened and questioned the missionary who succeeded in persuading him and his entire tribe to embrace Islam. Al-Ahnaf had never met Muhammad in his lifetime. After Muhammad's death in 632, a number of tribes rebelled for different reasons, al-Ahnaf and his people, however, remained Muslims. When he heard about Musaylimah's claim of prophecy, al-Ahnaf went with his uncle to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hasan Al-Basri
Abi Sa'id al-Hasan ibn Yasar al-Basri, often referred to as al-Hasan al-Basri, was an ancient Muslim preacher, ascetic, theologian, exegete, scholar, and judge. Born in Medina in 642,Mourad, Suleiman A., “al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī”, in: ''Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE'', Edited by: Kate Fleet, Gudrun Krämer, Denis Matringe, John Nawas, Everett Rowson. Hasan belonged to the second generation of Muslims, all of whom would subsequently be referred to as the '' tābiʿūn'' in Sunni Islamic piety. He became one of "the most celebrated" of the ''tābiʿūn'', enjoying an "acclaimed scholarly career and an even more remarkable posthumous legacy in Islamic scholarship." Hasan, revered for his austerity and support for "renunciation" (''zuhd''), preached against worldliness and materialism during the early days of the Umayyad Caliphate, with his passionate sermons casting a "deep impression on his contemporaries."Ritter, H., “Ḥasan al-Baṣrī”, in: ''Encyclopaedia of Islam, Seco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salaf
Salaf (, "ancestors" or "predecessors"), also often referred to with the honorific expression of al-salaf al-ṣāliḥ (, "the pious predecessors"), are often taken to be the first three generations of Muslims. This comprises companions of the Islamic prophet Muhammad (the ), their followers (the ), and the followers of the followers (the ). Their religious significance lay in the statement attributed to Muhammad: "The best of my community are my generation, the ones who follow them and the ones who follow them", a period believed to exemplify the purest form of Islam. The generations of Muslims after the third are referred to as the Khalaf. Second generation The Tabi‘un, the successors of Sahabah. * Amir al-Sha'bi * Abu Muslim Al-Khawlani * Abu Suhail an-Nafi' ibn 'Abd ar-Rahman * Al-Ahnaf * Malik Ibn Anas * Abu Hanifa * Ja'far al-Sadiq * Al-Rabi Ibn Khuthaym * Ali al-Akbar ibn Husayn, Ali Akbar * Ali ibn Husayn, Ali ibn Husayn (Zain-ul-'Abidin) * Alqama ibn Qays al-Nakha' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibn Shihab Al-Zuhri
Abū Bakr Muhammad ibn Muslim ibn Ubayd Allah ibn Abd Allah ibn Shihab al-Zuhri (; died 124 AH/741-2 CE), also referred to as Ibn Shihab or az-Zuhri, was a ''tabi'i'' Arab jurist and traditionist credited with pioneering the development of '' sīra-maghazi'' and hadith literature. Raised in Medina, he studied hadith and ''maghazi'' under Medinese traditionists before rising to prominence at the Umayyad court, where he served in a number of religious and administrative positions. He transmitted several thousand hadith included in the six canonical Sunni hadith collections and his work on ''maghazi'' forms the basis of the extant biographies of Muhammad. His relationship with the Umayyads has been debated by both early and modern Sunnis, Shias and Western orientalists. Biography Early life and career Muhammad ibn Muslim az-Zuhri was born in the city of Medina. His father Muslim was a supporter of the Zubayrids during the Second Fitna, while his great-grandfather Abd Allah ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibn Sirin
Muhammad Ibn Sirin (, romanized: Muḥammad Ibn Sirīn) (born in Basra) was a Muslim tabi' as he was a contemporary of Anas ibn Malik. He is claimed by some to have been an interpreter of dreams, though others regard the books to have been falsely attributed to him. Once regarded as the same person as Achmet son of Seirim, this is no longer believed to be true, as shown by Maria Mavroudi.Maria Mavroudi, ''A Byzantine Book on Dream Interpretation: the ''Oneirocriticon'' of Achmet and its Arabic Sources'', (Leiden, Boston, and Köln: Brill, 2002). Biography According to Yehia Gouda's reference book on Muslim oneiromancy ''Dreams and Their Meanings'' (, published in 1991), Abu Bakr Muhammad Ibn Sirin Al-Ansari (33-110 AH; 654–728), was born in Basra, as mentioned, in 654, i.e., the 33rd year after Muhammad's leaving from Makkah to the then Medina. His birth came two years before the end of the rule of Caliph Uthman ibn Affan. Muhammad's father (the name Abu Bakr was seldo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
