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TUSHAD
TUSHAD ( tr, Türkiye Ulusal Stratejiler ve Harekât Dairesi, TUSHAD; en, National Strategies and Operations Department of Turkey) was a clandestine organization within the Turkish Armed Forces, including within the General Staff of Turkey. Prosecutors in the Ergenekon trials allege that it was set up in 1993 on instructions from Ergenekon, by then secretary-general of the General Staff Hurşit Tolon. Tolon has denied that TUSHAD ever existed. The General Staff had denied its existence, but documents retrieved from the General Staff in 2013 described TUSHAD, including four reorganisations between 1995 and 2008, and its deactivation in 2008 under pressure from the Ergenekon investigation. Ergenekon suspect İlker Çınar told prosecutors that he had worked for TUSHAD believing it an agency of the state, but now believed it to be the armed wing of the Ergenekon organization. Çınar said TUSHAD had elements within it named the "black", "white" and "orange" forces, that he had bee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
İlker Çınar
Ä°lker Çınar (c. 1968–1970) is a former intelligence agent of the Turkish Army, and a suspect and witness in the Ergenekon trials. He was a 'special sergeant' who went undercover with Christian missionaries in Turkey and worked as a priest in Tarsus. He later broke with the Christian missionary world, gaining wide media coverage for his claims that missionaries were supporting separatist movements, and in 2005 published a book, ''Ben Bir Misyonerdim, Åžifre Çözüldü'' ("I was a Missionary, The Code is Broken"). Çınar's identity as a military intelligence agent was revealed by ''Bugün'' in June 2008, which showed he had been paid by the Army since 1992. Career Çınar said in 2005 that he had converted to Christianity in 1987. He began his Christian education in 1993, and became head pastor of the International Protestant Church. Hurriyet Daily News, 7 February 2005Spiritual leader alleges death threats/ref> In 2005 he announced that he had re-converted to Islam, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HurÅŸit Tolon
Ahmet HurÅŸit Tolon (born 3 August 1942) is a retired Turkish general; he was Commander of the First Army of Turkey from 2004 to 2005. In August 2013 he was sentenced to aggravated life imprisonment as part of the Ergenekon trials. He was promoted to brigadier general in 1989. As a brigadier-general he was Chief of General Staff General Secretariat and Commander 28 Motorised Infantry Brigade. In 1993 he was promoted to the rank of Major General. Chief of General Staff General Secretariat in this rank, he served as Vice Commander of the Gendarmerie Public Order Corps Commander and Deputy Commander 7th Corps. In 1997, he was promoted to lieutenant general. He was Commander 15th Corps and General Staff Logistics President while at this rank. Tolon is accused of establishing the ''National Strategies and Operations Department of Turkey'' ( TUSHAD) in 1993 on instructions from Ergenekon, while Tolon was serving as secretary-general of the General Staff of the Republic of Turkey, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zirve Publishing House Massacre
The Zirve Publishing House murders, called the missionary massacres by Turkish media, took place on April 18, 2007, in Zirve Publishing House, Malatya, Turkey. Three employees of the Bible publishing house were attacked, tortured, and murdered by five Muslim assailants. The attack Gökhan Talas, the chief witness and a Protestant, came with his wife to the office. The door was locked from inside which was quite unusual. Suspecting that something had happened, he called Uğur Yüksel not knowing that he was inside tied to a chair. Yüksel replied and said that they were in a hotel for a meeting. Talas heard someone crying in the background during his talk with Yüksel, and decided to call the police, who arrived soon thereafter. According to Talas, the attackers killed Yüksel and Aydın after the police arrived. The victims Two of the victims, Necati Aydın, 36, and Uğur Yüksel, 32, were Turkish converts from Islam. The third man, Tilmann Geske, 45, was a German citizen. N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Levent Ersöz
Levent Ersöz (born 19 April 1954) is a former Turkey brigadier general in the Turkish Gendarmerie, who was head of the Gendarmerie's JITEM intelligence department. He was considered a key defendant in the Ergenekon trials, and on 5 August 2013 was sentenced to 22 years and six months. He was released on 11 March 2014. A trial charging Ersöz with the death of Turkish President Turgut Özal in 1993 began in September 2013. Ersöz was found innocent and received an amnesty in March 2016. Prosecutors have accused Ersöz of being behind the 2001 assassination of Diyarbakır Police Chief Gaffar Okkan and a 2006 attack on Faruk Çelik, and of having had a role in the 1993 death of President Turgut Özal. The prosecution has shown a video of Ersöz talking to Bedrettin Dalan in 2004, saying "You are number three. Why don't you go out and talk like you're number one."Today's Zaman, 1 May 2009Dalan was Ergenekon’s number three, says prosecution Police searching Ersöz' home had found n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General Staff Of The Republic Of Turkey
, image = , image_size = 160px , caption = Emblem of the General Staff , dates = 3 May 1920 – present , country = , allegiance = , branch = Turkish Armed Forces , type = Active duty staff , role = , size = , command_structure = Ministry of National Defence , garrison = General Staff Building, Ankara , commander1 = General Yaşar Güler , commander1_label = Chief , commander2 = General , commander2_label = Second Chief The General Staff of the Turkish Armed Forces ( Turkish: ''Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri Genelkurmay Başkanlığı'', ''abbreviation: TSK Gnkur. Bşk.lığı'') is highest staff organization in the Turkish Armed Forces. Ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
E-memorandum
The e-memorandum ( tr, e-muhtıra) was a controversial set of statements released on the website of the General Staff of the Turkish Armed Forces in April 2007 that weighed in on the Turkish presidential elections in 2007. The way the statements were written caused concerns that the Turkish military would intervene in the election against leading candidate Abdullah Gül in defence of secularism. Turkey's presidential office is regarded as the guardian of the country's secular system; the fact that Gül's wife wore an Islamic headscarf, as well as Gül's own history in political Islam, turned the elections into a political crisis. Statement During the crisis, on 27 April 2007, statements were published on Turkish Armed Forces official website regarding the Turkish presidential elections. One statement read: The ''e-memorandum'' term was coined by Ural Akbulut to describe the General Staff statement because it was published exclusively online. Response from the 59th Government ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Doğu Çalışma Grubu
The Doğu Çalışma Grubu (DÇG; en, East Study Group or East Working Group) was an alleged group within the Turkish military said to be linked to the Ergenekon organization, and possibly organised within the Turkish Gendarmerie's JITEM.dunyabulteni.net, 29 January 2009Jitem'in Doğu Çalışma Grubu deşifre edildi/ref> According to former PKK commander Şemdin Sakık, the group was formed in 1993 and carried out a number of assassinations in preparation for the 1993 alleged Turkish military coup. According to Sakık, these assassinations included (in 1993) President Turgut Özal, former Major Cem Ersever, former Turkish Gendarmerie general commander Eşref BitlisToday's Zaman, 6 November 2012Secret witness reveals identity, shady ties between PKK and Ergenekon and General Bahtiyar Aydın.Today's Zaman, 1 June 2012Ex-PKK commander Sakık blames military junta for deaths of 33 soldiers Turgut Özal died in office on 17 April 1993 in suspicious circumstances and few and a month ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
JÄ°TEM
Jandarma İstihbarat ve Terörle Mücadele or Jandarma İstihbarat Teşkilatı (abbr. ''JİTEM'' or ''JİT''; English: "Gendarmerie Intelligence and Counter-Terrorism" or "Gendarmerie Intelligence Organization") is the unofficial and illegal intelligence agency of the Turkish Gendarmerie. JİTEM was active in the Kurdish–Turkish conflict. After the Susurluk scandal, former prime ministers Bülent Ecevit and Mesut Yılmaz have confirmed the existence of JİTEM. According to Murat Belge of Istanbul Bilgi University, who has reported that he was tortured in 1971 by its founder, Veli Küçük, JİTEM is an embodiment of the deep state. In other words, it is used by "the Establishment" to enforce alleged national interests. It is also said to be the military wing of Ergenekon, an underground Turkish nationalist organization. In 2008, long-maintained official denials of JİTEM's existence started collapsing in the courts, as ex-members of Turkey's "deep state" security apparatus testi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkish Gendarmerie
The Gendarmerie General Command ( tr, Jandarma Genel Komutanlığı) is the national Gendarmerie force of the Republic of Turkey. It is a service branch of the Turkish Ministry of Interior responsible for the maintenance of the public order in areas that fall outside the jurisdiction of police forces (generally in rural areas), as well as assuring internal security along with carrying out other specific duties assigned to it by certain laws and regulations. In wartime, some of its elements can be subordinated to Turkish Land Forces by the President of Turkey. The Commander of the Gendarmerie reports to the Minister of the Interior. The Gendarmerie has its roots in the Ottoman Empire military law enforcement organization "Subaşı" (later known as the "Zaptiye"). A similar, earlier force called "Şurta" existed during the medieval Seljuq Empire. History Ottoman era After the abolition of the Janissary corps of the Ottoman Empire in 1826, military organizations called ''Asâ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turgut Özal
Halil Turgut Özal (; 13 October 192717 April 1993) was a Turkish politician, who served as the 8th President of Turkey from 1989 to 1993. He previously served as the 26th Prime Minister of Turkey from 1983 to 1989 as the leader of the Motherland Party. He was the Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey in the military government of Bülend Ulusu between 1980 and 1982. After working briefly at the World Bank in the United States and as a university lecturer, Özal became the general secretary and later the leader of the main miners' trade union of Turkey in 1979, serving as a chief negotiator during large-scale industrial action in 1977. He unsuccessfully stood for Parliament in the 1977 general election as a National Salvation Party (MSP) candidate from İzmir. In 1979, he became an undersecretary to Prime Minister Süleyman Demirel's minority government until the 1980 military coup. As an undersecretary, he played a major role in developing economic reforms, known as the '24 Janu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andrea Santoro
Andrea Santoro (7 September 1945, in Priverno, Italy – 5 February 2006, in Trabzon, Turkey) was a Roman Catholic priest in Turkey, murdered in the Santa Maria Church in Trabzon where he served as a member of the Catholic Church's Fidei donum missionary program. This was one of the high-profile incidents, along with the murder of Armenian journalist Hrant Dink and the Zirve Publishing House murders that focused attention on hate crimes in Turkey. Death and aftermath On 5 February 2006 he was shot dead from behind while kneeling in prayer in the church. A witness heard the perpetrator shouting "Allahu Akbar".ReutersTurkish court upholds sentence for priest's killer 4 October 2007 The motive of the attack is not known. OÄŸuzhan Akdin, a 16-year-old high school student, was arrested two days after the shooting, carrying a 9mm pistol. An investigation by the U.S. Air Force Office of Special Investigations on stolen weaponry revealed that this gun had been part of a batch of gu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Operation Cage Action Plan
Operation Cage Action Plan (Turkish: ''Kafes Operasyonu Eylem Planı'') is an alleged coup plan by elements of the Turkish military (specifically, within the Naval Forces Command), which became public in 2009. The plan forms part of the Poyrazköy case of the Ergenekon trials, as the munitions found at Poyrazköy in 2009 are alleged to have been resources belonging to the same group. The indictment listed retired Admiral Ahmet Feyyaz Öğütçü along with two other admirals as the lead organisers. Events Prosecutors allege that one of the contributors to the plan is the West Study Group (BÇG) - a group allegedly formed as part of the 1997 "post-modern" coup.Today's Zaman, 29 January 2010Cage plan mentioned in Poyrazköy indictment According to an Istanbul Police report, the plan was masterminded by İbrahim Şahin and was devised by Ergenekon, and has links with the Zirve Publishing House massacre. ''Yeni Şafak'' claimed in 2010 that according to documents retrieved by polic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
