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TPR Storytelling
TPR Storytelling (Teaching Proficiency through Reading and Storytelling or TPRS) is a method of teaching foreign languages. TPRS lessons use a mixture of reading and storytelling to help students learn a foreign language in a classroom setting. The method works in three steps: in step one the new vocabulary structures to be learned are taught using a combination of translation, gestures, and personalized questions; in step two those structures are used in a spoken class story; and finally, in step three, these same structures are used in a class reading. Throughout these three steps, the teacher will use a number of techniques to help make the target language comprehensible to the students, including careful limiting of vocabulary, constant asking of easy comprehension questions, frequent comprehension checks, and very short grammar explanations known as "pop-up grammar". Many teachers also assign additional reading activities such as free voluntary reading, and there have been ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Methods Of Teaching Foreign Languages
Language pedagogy is the discipline concerned with the theories and techniques of teaching language. It has been described as a type of teaching wherein the teacher draws from his prior knowledge and actual experience in teaching language. The approach is distinguished from research-based methodologies. There are several methods in language pedagogy but they can be classified into three: structural, functional, and interactive. Each of these encompasses a number of methods which can be utilised in order to teach and learn languages. Development The development of language pedagogy came in three stages. In the late 1800s and most of the 1900s, it was usually conceived in terms of method. In 1963, University of Michigan Linguistics Professor Edward Mason Anthony Jr. formulated a framework to describe them into three levels: ''approach, method and technique''. It has been expanded by Richards and Rogers in 1982 to ''approach'', ''design'', and ''procedure''. Methodology In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Comprehensible Input
The input hypothesis, also known as the monitor model, is a group of five hypotheses of second-language acquisition developed by the linguist Stephen Krashen in the 1970s and 1980s. Krashen originally formulated the input hypothesis as just one of the five hypotheses, but over time the term has come to refer to the five hypotheses as a group. The hypotheses are the input hypothesis, the acquisition–learning hypothesis, the monitor hypothesis, the natural order hypothesis and the affective filter hypothesis. The input hypothesis was first published in 1977. The hypotheses put primary importance on the comprehensible input (CI) that language learners are exposed to. Understanding spoken and written language input is seen as the only mechanism that results in the increase of underlying linguistic competence, and language output is not seen as having any effect on learners' ability. Furthermore, Krashen claimed that linguistic competence is only advanced when language is subconsc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Free Voluntary Reading
Extensive Reading (ER) is the process of reading longer easier texts for an extended period of time without a breakdown of comprehension, feeling overwhelmed, or the need to take breaks. It stands in contrast to intensive or academic reading, which is focused on a close reading of dense shorter texts, typically not read for pleasure. Though used as a teaching strategy to promote second-language development, ER also applies to free voluntary reading and recreational reading both in and out of the classroom. ER is based on the assumption that we learn to read by reading. Implementation of ER is often referred to as Sustained Silent Reading (SSR) or free voluntary reading; and is used in both the first- (L1) and second-language (L2) classroom to promote reading fluency and comprehension. In addition to fluency and comprehension, ER has other numerous benefits for both first- and second-language learners, such as greater grammar and vocabulary knowledge, increase in background knowledg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pop-up Grammar
Popup, Pop up or pop-up may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media * ''Pop Up'' (album), a 2007 album by Yelle * ''Pop Up'' (video game), a video game also known as ''Bumpy'' * Pop-up book, a book with three-dimensional pages Computing * Pop-up (video gaming) or "Pop up graphics", a phenomenon associated with limited draw distance in 3D video games * Pop-up ad, a form of web advertising that appears in a new window * Context menu or pop-up menu, an element of computer interaction * Modal window or pop-up dialog boxes, a child window that blocks user interaction to the parent window Sports * Pop-up, a kind of batted ball in baseball * Pop-up, an easily attackable ball in the sport of pickleball * Boilie, a buoyant fishing bait also known as pop-ups Temporary events * Pop-up exhibition, a temporary art exhibition * Pop-up restaurant, a temporary restaurant * Pop-up retail, short-term sales space Other uses * Pop-up, a type of air tactic employed in standoff situations * Pop-u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Techniques
Technique or techniques may refer to: Music * The Techniques, a Jamaican rocksteady vocal group of the 1960s *Technique (band), a British female synth pop band in the 1990s * ''Technique'' (album), by New Order, 1989 * ''Techniques'' (album), by Modern Baseball, 2014 Other uses * ''Technique'' (newspaper), the newspaper of the Georgia Institute of Technology, U.S. * Technique Polytechnic Institute, in West Bengal, India * Technique Stadium, a football stadium in Whittington Moor, Chesterfield, Derbyshire See also * Technical (other) * Technology, the sum of techniques, skills, methods, and processes used in the production of goods or services * Skill, the ability to carry out a task with determined results * Scientific technique Arthropod, A scientific technique is any systematic process, systematic way of obtaining information about a science, scientific nature or to obtain a Desire (emotion), desired material or Product (business), product. Scientific techniques can ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Polis Method
Polis – The Jerusalem Institute of Languages and Humanities is a non-profit academic institution based in Jerusalem, Israel founded in 2011 which focuses on the humanities through the study of Western and Eastern cultural sources. The institute is located in Musrara, near the Old City of Jerusalem. Students come from more than thirty countries from six continents. History Polis and its faculty have organized intensive language courses and as well as shorter seminars and talks in Italy, Peru, Argentina, the United States, Spain, Morocco, Finland, Sweden, and the Philippines. The Polis Method Theoretical Principles The 'Polis Method' encompasses a variety of approaches and techniques for teaching modern languages applied to ancient languages. These strategies are unified under two major tenets: Dynamic language development Polis believes that grammatical structures must be learned according to their natural order of acquisition. It thus recognizes not only the st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Polis Institute
Polis – The Jerusalem Institute of Languages and Humanities is a non-profit academic institution based in Jerusalem, Israel founded in 2011 which focuses on the humanities through the study of Western and Eastern cultural sources. The institute is located in Musrara, near the Old City of Jerusalem. Students come from more than thirty countries from six continents. History Polis and its faculty have organized intensive language courses and as well as shorter seminars and talks in Italy, Peru, Argentina, the United States, Spain, Morocco, Finland, Sweden, and the Philippines. The Polis Method Theoretical Principles The 'Polis Method' encompasses a variety of approaches and techniques for teaching modern languages applied to ancient languages. These strategies are unified under two major tenets: Dynamic language development Polis believes that grammatical structures must be learned according to their natural order of acquisition. It thus recognizes not only the student's c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Total Physical Response
Total physical response is a language teaching method developed by James Asher, a professor emeritus of psychology at San José State University. It is based on the coordination of language and physical movement. In TPR, instructors give commands to students in the target language with body movements, and students respond with whole-body actions. The method is an example of the comprehension approach to language teaching. Listening and responding (with actions) serves two purposes: It is a means of quickly recognizing meaning in the language being learned, and a means of passively learning the structure of the language itself. Grammar is not taught explicitly but can be learned from the language input. TPR is a valuable way to learn vocabulary, especially idiomatic terms, e.g., phrasal verbs. Asher developed TPR as a result of his experiences observing young children learning their first language. He noticed that interactions between parents and children often took the form of speec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
California
California is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States, located along the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the List of states and territories of the United States by population, most populous U.S. state and the List of U.S. states and territories by area, 3rd largest by area. It is also the most populated Administrative division, subnational entity in North America and the 34th most populous in the world. The Greater Los Angeles area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation's second and fifth most populous Statistical area (United States), urban regions respectively, with the former having more than 18.7million residents and the latter having over 9.6million. Sacramento, California, Sacramento is the state's capital, while Los Angeles is the List of largest California cities by population, most populous city in the state and the List of United States cities by population, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spanish Language
Spanish ( or , Castilian) is a Romance languages, Romance language of the Indo-European language family that evolved from colloquial Latin spoken on the Iberian peninsula. Today, it is a world language, global language with more than 500 million native speakers, mainly in the Americas and Spain. Spanish is the official language of List of countries where Spanish is an official language, 20 countries. It is the world's list of languages by number of native speakers, second-most spoken native language after Mandarin Chinese; the world's list of languages by total number of speakers, fourth-most spoken language overall after English language, English, Mandarin Chinese, and Hindustani language, Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu); and the world's most widely spoken Romance languages, Romance language. The largest population of native speakers is in Mexico. Spanish is part of the Iberian Romance languages, Ibero-Romance group of languages, which evolved from several dialects of Vulgar Latin in I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
High School
A secondary school describes an institution that provides secondary education and also usually includes the building where this takes place. Some secondary schools provide both '' lower secondary education'' (ages 11 to 14) and ''upper secondary education'' (ages 14 to 18), i.e., both levels 2 and 3 of the ISCED scale, but these can also be provided in separate schools. In the US, the secondary education system has separate middle schools and high schools. In the UK, most state schools and privately-funded schools accommodate pupils between the ages of 11–16 or 11–18; some UK private schools, i.e. public schools, admit pupils between the ages of 13 and 18. Secondary schools follow on from primary schools and prepare for vocational or tertiary education. Attendance is usually compulsory for students until age 16. The organisations, buildings, and terminology are more or less unique in each country. Levels of education In the ISCED 2011 education scale levels 2 and 3 c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
