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TN 71
The TN 71 is a French-built thermonuclear warhead which was used on submarine-launched ballistic missiles in ''Redoutable'' class ballistic missile submarines. It has a yield of 150 kt. Entering service in 1985 on M4-B ballistic missiles, it was replaced at the end of October 1996 by the TN 75, which equips M45 missiles for France's ''Triomphant'' class of "new generation" ballistic missile submarines (SNLE-NG). There were 288 operational TN 71 warheads before its replacement in 1996, and 96 in 2001, but none were remaining by 2004, at which time it was withdrawn from service. See also * Force de frappe The ''Force de frappe'' (French language, French: "strike force"), or ''Force de dissuasion'' ("deterrent force") after 1961,Gunston, Bill. Bombers of the West. New York: Charles Scribner's and Sons; 1973. p104 is the designation of what used to ... * FOST * List of nuclear tests#France Nuclear warheads of France Military equipment introduced in the 1980s [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its Metropolitan France, metropolitan area extends from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea; overseas territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the North Atlantic, the French West Indies, and many islands in Oceania and the Indian Ocean. Due to its several coastal territories, France has the largest exclusive economic zone in the world. France borders Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Monaco, Italy, Andorra, and Spain in continental Europe, as well as the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Netherlands, Suriname, and Brazil in the Americas via its overseas territories in French Guiana and Saint Martin (island), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fusion Bomb
A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission (fission bomb) or a combination of fission and fusion reactions (thermonuclear bomb), producing a nuclear explosion. Both bomb types release large quantities of energy from relatively small amounts of matter. The first test of a fission ("atomic") bomb released an amount of energy approximately equal to . The first thermonuclear ("hydrogen") bomb test released energy approximately equal to . Nuclear bombs have had yields between 10 tons TNT (the W54) and 50 megatons for the Tsar Bomba (see TNT equivalent). A thermonuclear weapon weighing as little as can release energy equal to more than . A nuclear device no larger than a conventional bomb can devastate an entire city by blast, fire, and radiation. Since they are weapons of mass destruction, the proliferation of nuclear weapons is a focus of international relations policy. Nuclear weapons have been deployed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Redoutable-class Submarine (1967)
The ''Le Redoutable''-class submarine was a ballistic missile submarine class of the French Navy (''Marine Nationale''). In French, the type is called ''Sous-marin Nucléaire Lanceur d'Engins'' (SNLE), literally "Missile-launching nuclear submarine". When commissioned, they constituted the strategic part of the naval component of the French nuclear triad, then called ''Force de frappe'' (the aircraft carriers and constituting the tactical part). The class entered active service in 1971 with , six submarines were built in total. All have since been decommissioned. The structural changes in ''Inflexible'' have seen it regarded as a different class from the early boats. The class has been superseded by the . Background With the election of Charles de Gaulle as president of France, the French Armed Forces saw a change in direction. Under the new government, French forces were withdrawn from NATO formations due to French unhappiness with American domination of the group. Begin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
M4 SLBM
The M4 was a French submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) deployed on the nuclear s (except the ''Redoutable'' herself, which was not refitted). They entered service on May 1, 1985. They were the first French MIRV-capable nuclear missiles, with six 150 kilotonne warheads. They were replaced by the improved M45 SLBM missile which is currently in active service aboard the . Operators ; *French Navy The French Navy (french: Marine nationale, lit=National Navy), informally , is the maritime arm of the French Armed Forces and one of the five military service branches of France. It is among the largest and most powerful naval forces in t ... References Submarine-launched ballistic missiles of France Nuclear weapons of France 1985 establishments in France Military equipment introduced in the 1980s {{France-hist-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TN 75
The TN 75 is a French-built 150kt thermonuclear warhead used on France's M45 and M51 submarine-launched ballistic missiles, carried by the last of the ''Redoutable'' class submarines, S616 '' Inflexible'', and by the ''Triomphant'' class submarines. The French Navy has 290 TN-75 warheads. It is a miniaturized, hardened and stealthy successor to the TN 71. Development began in 1987 and developmental testing of the warhead ended in 1991, but French president Jacques Chirac asserted in June 1995 (50 years after the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki) that a full yield proof test was needed prior to deployment, causing an international outcry. Its first full-yield test was probably the 110 kt detonation on 1 October 1995 at Fangataufa. It will be succeeded by the TNO, the ''Tête nucléaire océanique''. See also * Force de frappe * Strategic Oceanic Force The Strategic Ocean Force (french: Force océanique stratégique, FOST) has been the synonym of the French Sub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
M45 SLBM
M45 or variants may refer to: Military equipment * Carl Gustaf m/45, a 9×19mm Swedish submachine gun * M45, a M26 Pershing#Variants, variant of the M26 Pershing heavy/medium tank of the United States Army * M45 (missile), a French Navy submarine-launched ballistic missile * M45 Quadmount, a weapon mounting consisting of four "heavy barrel" .50 caliber M2 Browning machine guns * MEU(SOC) pistol (also M45 MEUSOC), a magazine-fed, recoil-operated, single-action, semiautomatic pistol * M45, a gas mask currently issued in the United States Transport * Infinity M45, a rebadged Japanese-spec Nissan Gloria of the Infiniti M line * M-45 (Michigan highway), a state trunkline highway in the US state of Michigan * M-45 (Spain), a highway bypass built in the Community of Madrid of regional importance * M45 (Cape Town), a Metropolitan Route in Cape Town, South Africa * M45 (Johannesburg), a Metropolitan Route in Johannesburg, South Africa * M45 (Durban), a Metropolitan Route in Durban, South ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Le Triomphant Class Submarine
The ''Triomphant'' class of ballistic missile submarines of the French Navy is the active lead boat class of four boats that entered service in 1997, 1999, 2004, and 2010. These four superseded the older , and they provide the ocean-based component (the ''Force océanique stratégique'') of France's nuclear deterrent strike force, the ''Force de dissuasion'' (deterrence force). Their home port is Île Longue, Roadstead of Brest, Western Brittany. Design and construction The first three boats were originally armed with the French-produced and armed M45 intermediate-range missile, and the fourth vessel, , tested and is equipped with the more advanced M51 missile. Each of the first three boats were retrofitted to the M51 missile standard, with the last M45 offloaded in 2016. Next Generation Device-Launching Nuclear Submarine In French, these are called ''Sous-Marin Nucléaire Lanceur d'Engins de Nouvelle Génération'' (English: "Next Generation Device-Launching Nuclear Sub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Force De Frappe
The ''Force de frappe'' ( French: "strike force"), or ''Force de dissuasion'' ("deterrent force") after 1961,Gunston, Bill. Bombers of the West. New York: Charles Scribner's and Sons; 1973. p104 is the designation of what used to be a triad of air-, sea- and land-based nuclear weapons intended for ''dissuasion'', the French term for deterrence. The French Nuclear Force, part of the French military, is the fourth largest nuclear-weapons force in the world, after the nuclear triad of the United States, the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China. France has deactivated all land-based nuclear missiles. On 27 January 1996, France conducted its last nuclear test in the South Pacific and then signed the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) in September 1996. In March 2008, French President Nicolas Sarkozy confirmed reports giving the actual size of France's nuclear arsenal and he announced that France would reduce its French Air Force-carried nuclear arsenal by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Force Océanique Stratégique
The Strategic Ocean Force (french: Force océanique stratégique, FOST) has been the synonym of the French Submarine Forces since 1999, which the commandant commands the ensemble related to, along with the squadron of nuclear attack submarine (french: Escadrille des Sous-Marins Nucléaires d'Attaque, ESNA). The French Strategic Ocean Force Command ALFOST was set up in 1972 under a Squadron Vice-Admiral. Generality The Strategic Ocean Force (french: Force océanique stratégique, FOST), created on March 1 1972, constitutes the principal composite of the Strategic French Nuclear Forces (french: Force de dissuasion Nucléaire Française, FNS). FOST has been placed under the command of a Squadron Vice-Admiral (Officers of Admiral rank) (french: L'Officier général de marine), hence the acronym ALFOST. With the dissolution of the Attack Submarine Group of the Atlantic, ultimate formation regrouping submarines with conventional propulsion, on July 1 1999, the strategic for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Nuclear Tests
Nuclear weapons testing is the act of experimentally and deliberately firing one or more nuclear devices in a controlled manner pursuant to a military, scientific or technological goal. This has been done on test sites on land or waters owned, controlled or leased from the owners by one of the eight nuclear nations: the United States, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, France, China, India, Pakistan and North Korea, or has been done on or over ocean sites far from territorial waters. There have been 2,121 tests done since the first in July 1945, involving 2,476 nuclear devices. As of 1993, worldwide, 520 atmospheric nuclear explosions (including 8 underwater) have been conducted with a total yield of 545 megaton (Mt): 217 Mt from pure fission and 328 Mt from bombs using fusion, while the estimated number of underground nuclear tests conducted in the period from 1957 to 1992 is 1,352 explosions with a total yield of 90 Mt. Very few unknown tests are suspected ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nuclear Warheads Of France
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Nuclear may refer to: Physics Relating to the nucleus of the atom: * Nuclear engineering *Nuclear physics *Nuclear power *Nuclear reactor *Nuclear weapon *Nuclear medicine *Radiation therapy *Nuclear warfare Mathematics *Nuclear space *Nuclear operator *Nuclear congruence *Nuclear C*-algebra Biology Relating to the nucleus of the cell: * Nuclear DNA Society * Nuclear family, a family consisting of a pair of adults and their children Music * "Nuclear" (band), group music. * "Nuclear" (Ryan Adams song), 2002 *"Nuclear", a song by Mike Oldfield from his ''Man on the Rocks'' album * ''Nu.Clear'' (EP) by South Korean girl group CLC See also *Nucleus (other) *Nucleolus * Nucleation * Nucleic acid *Nucular ''Nucular'' is a common, proscribed pronunciation of the word "nuclear". It is a rough phonetic spelling of . The ''Oxford English Dictionary''s entry dates the word's first published appearance to 1943. Dictionary notes This is one of two con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
