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TASSO
TASSO (Two Arm Spectrometer SOlenoid) was a particle detector at the PETRA particle accelerator at the German national laboratory DESY. The TASSO collaboration is best known for having discovered the gluon, the mediator of the strong interaction and carrier of the color charge. Four TASSO scientists, Paul Söding, Bjørn Wiik, Günter Wolf and Sau Lan Wu, were awarded the High Energy and Particle Physics Prize from the European Physical Society (EPS) in 1995. A special prize was also awarded to the TASSO collaboration, as well as the JADE, MARK J and PLUTO collaborations, in recognition of their combined work on the gluon as the "definite existence (of the gluon) emerged gradually from the results of the TASSO collaboration and the other experiments working at PETRA, JADE, MARK J and PLUTO". TASSO took data from 1978 to 1986 and discovered the gluon in 1979. See also *Particle physics References Further reading * External Links [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gluon
A gluon ( ) is an elementary particle that acts as the exchange particle (or gauge boson) for the strong force between quarks. It is analogous to the exchange of photons in the electromagnetic force between two charged particles. Gluons bind quarks together, forming hadrons such as protons and neutrons. Gluons are vector gauge bosons that mediate strong interactions of quarks in quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Gluons themselves carry the color charge of the strong interaction. This is unlike the photon, which mediates the electromagnetic interaction but lacks an electric charge. Gluons therefore participate in the strong interaction in addition to mediating it, making QCD significantly harder to analyze than quantum electrodynamics (QED). Properties The gluon is a vector boson, which means, like the photon, it has a spin of 1. While massive spin-1 particles have three polarization states, massless gauge bosons like the gluon have only two polarization states because gauge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sau Lan Wu
Sau Lan Wu (Chinese: 吳秀蘭; born Hong Kong in the early 1940s) is a Chinese American particle physicist and the Enrico Fermi Distinguished Professor of Physics at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. She made important contributions towards the discovery of the J/psi particle, which provided experimental evidence for the existence of the charm quark, and the gluon, the vector boson of the strong force in the Standard Model of physics. Recently, her team located at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), using data collected at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), was part of the international effort in the discovery of a boson consistent with the Higgs boson. Early years Wu was born in the early 1940s during the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong and went to Vassar College in 1960 with a full scholarship for her undergraduate degree. Initially, she dreamed of becoming a painter, but was inspired by Marie Curie to devote her life to physics. During her years in Vas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PLUTO Detector
PLUTO was a detector for experimental high-energy particle physics at the German national laboratory DESY in Hamburg. It was operated from 1974 to 1978 at the DORIS synchrotron and was substantially upgraded between 1977 and 1978 for operation at the PETRA accelerator, where it took data until 1979. The name is not an acronym, unlike the other detectors at DORIS. Detector PLUTO used the first electromagnetic superconductive solenoid in the world, with a very uniform axial magnetic field of 1.2 Tesla, to operate in a straight section of electron–positron accelerators at DESY, first with DORIS I (a storage ring with center-of-mass energies of ~3–5 GeV) in 1974–1976, then with DORIS II (the upgraded DORIS storage ring at center-of-mass energies of ~7–10 Gev) in 1978 and later with PETRA (also a storage ring, at larger center-of-mass energies of ~10–45 GeV) in 1978–1982. Experimental results The PLUTO collaboration started with about 35 physicists from institutes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Söding
Paul Heinrich Söding (born 20 February 1933 in Dresden, Germany) is a German physicist. He is best known for his work in particle physics and as former director of research of the German particle physics lab DESY. Career Paul Söding studied physics at the universities of Hamburg and Munich in Germany. He was the first doctoral student of Willibald Jentschke in Hamburg. In 1964 he received his doctorate from the University of Hamburg. He subsequently did research at the University of California, Berkeley, Cornell University in New York and the European particle physics research lab CERN. In 1969 he became senior scientist at the Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) in Hamburg. There he and his colleagues at the TASSO detector used the PETRA positron-electron accelerator to observe the first direct evidence of the gluon, the elementary particle that mediates the strong nuclear force. For that discovery, he was awarded together with Bjørn Wiik, Günter Wolf, and Sau La ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bjørn Wiik
Bjørn Håvard Wiik (born 13 February 1957 in Bruvik, Norway; died 26 February 1999 in Hamburg, Germany) was a Norwegian elementary particle physicist, noted for his role on the experiment that produced the first experimental evidence for gluons and for his influential role on later accelerator projects. Wiik was director of DESY, in Hamburg, Germany, from 1993 until his death. Biography Bjørn Wiik lived in his home town Bruvik until he finished his physics studies at Germany's Technische Universität Darmstadt. In 1965, he got his doctorate degree there. Two years later he began working at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center in Menlo Park, California. In 1972, Wiik returned to Germany, to the German Electron Synchrotron (DESY) in Hamburg where, four years later, he was appointed lead scientist. In 1978, Wiik and his collaborators finished using DESY's newly commissioned PETRA electron–positron storage ring to look for hard-gluon bremsstrahlung events that would provide ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
JADE (particle Detector)
JADE was a particle detector at the PETRA particle accelerator at the German national laboratory DESY in Hamburg. It was operated from 1979 to 1986. JADE's most important scientific achievement was the discovery of the gluon in three-jet events. It also helped greatly in establishing quantum chromodynamics. JADE is an acronym for Japan, Deutschland (Germany) and England, the three countries from which the participating universities originated. The JADE jet chamber is now exhibited in the physics lecture hall at the University of Heidelberg. Although the last data with JADE were taken in 1986, analysis continued, with the most recent paper published in 2012. In 1995, the European Physical Society (EPS) awarded a "Special High Energy and Particle Physics Prize" to the JADE, PLUTO, TASSO and MARK-J collaborations at PETRA for ''"establishing the existence of the gluon in independent and simultaneous ways"''. References External links A brief history of JADE at the ICEPP, JapanNew ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Physical Society
The European Physical Society (EPS) is a non-profit organisation whose purpose is to promote physics and physicists in Europe through methods such as physics outreach. Formally established in 1968, its membership includes the national physical societies of 42 countries, and some 3200 individual members. The Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft, the world's largest and oldest organisation of physicists, is a major member. Conferences One of its main activities is organizing international conferences. The EPS sponsors conferences other than the Europhysics Conference, like the International Conference of Physics Students in 2011. Divisions and groups The scientific activities of EPS are organised through Divisions and Groups, who organise topical conferences, seminars, and workshops. The Divisions and Groups are governed by boards elected from members. The current Divisions of the EPS are: * Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics Division * Condensed Matter Division * Environmenta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
INSPIRE-HEP
INSPIRE-HEP is an open access digital library for the field of high energy physics (HEP). It is the successor of the Stanford Physics Information Retrieval System (SPIRES) database, the main literature database for high energy physics since the 1970s. History SPIRES was (in addition to the CERN Document Server (CDS), arXiv and parts of Astrophysics Data System) one of the main Particle Information Resources. A survey conducted in 2007 found that SPIRES database users wanted the portal to provide more services than the, at that time, already 30-year-old system could provide. On the second annual Summit of Information Specialists in Particle Physics and Astrophysics in May 2008, the physics laboratories CERN, DESY, SLAC and Fermilab therefore announced that they would work together to create a new Scientific Information System for high energy physics called INSPIRE. It interacts with other HEP service providers like arXiv.org, Particle Data Group, NASA's Astrophysics Data System. and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Physical Journal H
The ''European Physical Journal H: Historical Perspectives on Contemporary Physics'' (''EPJ H'') is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal which focuses on the history of modern physics. It is the newest journal from the ''European Physical Journal'' series. It was established in 1976 as the ''Annales de Physique'' and obtained its current title in July 2010. ''EPJ H'' is published by Springer Science+Business Media and the editors-in-chief are Michael Eckert (Deutsches Museum München) and James D. Wells (University of Michigan). Abstracting and indexing The journal is indexed and abstracted in Chemical Abstracts Service, Science Citation Index Expanded, Scopus, Astrophysics Data System, Academic OneFile, and Current Contents/Physical, Chemical and Earth Sciences. According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2016 impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a scientometric index calculated by Clarivate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Particle Physics
Particle physics or high energy physics is the study of fundamental particles and forces that constitute matter and radiation. The fundamental particles in the universe are classified in the Standard Model as fermions (matter particles) and bosons (force-carrying particles). There are three generations of fermions, but ordinary matter is made only from the first fermion generation. The first generation consists of up and down quarks which form protons and neutrons, and electrons and electron neutrinos. The three fundamental interactions known to be mediated by bosons are electromagnetism, the weak interaction, and the strong interaction. Quarks cannot exist on their own but form hadrons. Hadrons that contain an odd number of quarks are called baryons and those that contain an even number are called mesons. Two baryons, the proton and the neutron, make up most of the mass of ordinary matter. Mesons are unstable and the longest-lived last for only a few hundredths of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MARK J
Mark may refer to: Currency * Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark, the currency of Bosnia and Herzegovina * East German mark, the currency of the German Democratic Republic * Estonian mark, the currency of Estonia between 1918 and 1927 * Finnish markka ( sv, finsk mark, links=no), the currency of Finland from 1860 until 28 February 2002 * Mark (currency), a currency or unit of account in many nations * Polish mark ( pl, marka polska, links=no), the currency of the Kingdom of Poland and of the Republic of Poland between 1917 and 1924 German * Deutsche Mark, the official currency of West Germany from 1948 until 1990 and later the unified Germany from 1990 until 2002 * German gold mark, the currency used in the German Empire from 1873 to 1914 * German Papiermark, the German currency from 4 August 1914 * German rentenmark, a currency issued on 15 November 1923 to stop the hyperinflation of 1922 and 1923 in Weimar Germany * Lodz Ghetto mark, a special currency for Lodz Ghetto. * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Particle Detector
In experimental and applied particle physics, nuclear physics, and nuclear engineering, a particle detector, also known as a radiation detector, is a device used to detect, track, and/or identify ionizing particles, such as those produced by nuclear decay, cosmic radiation, or reactions in a particle accelerator. Detectors can measure the particle energy and other attributes such as momentum, spin, charge, particle type, in addition to merely registering the presence of the particle. Examples and types Many of the detectors invented and used so far are ionization detectors (of which gaseous ionization detectors and semiconductor detectors are most typical) and scintillation detectors; but other, completely different principles have also been applied, like Čerenkov light and transition radiation. Historical examples *Bubble chamber * Wilson cloud chamber (diffusion chamber) * Photographic plate ;Detectors for radiation protection The following types of particle detector ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
