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Synchronous Grid Of Northern Europe
The Nordic regional group (formerly NORDEL) of ENTSO-E is a synchronous electrical grid composed of the electricity grids of Norway, Sweden, Finland and the eastern part of electricity sector in Denmark (Zealand with islands and Bornholm). The grid is not synchronized with the Synchronous grid of Continental Europe, but has a number of non-synchronous DC connections with that as well as other synchronous grids. Gotland is not synchronized with the Swedish mainland either, as it is connected by HVDC. DC Links The Nordic system is connected to other synchronous areas by these links: *NordLink, Norway to Germany * Konti-Skan, Sweden-West Denmark Jutland *Skagerrak, western Denmark (Jutland) - Norway * Great Belt Power Link, Western Denmark (Jutland) - Eastern Denmark *Baltic Cable, Sweden to Germany * SwePol, Sweden to Poland *NordBalt, Sweden to Lithuania *NorNed, Norway to the Netherlands *North Sea Link Norway to the UK *Estlink, Finland to Estonia *Finland to Russia. *Kontek, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electric Power Transmission Systems In Europe
Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of matter that has a property of electric charge. Electricity is related to magnetism, both being part of the phenomenon of electromagnetism, as described by Maxwell's equations. Various common phenomena are related to electricity, including lightning, static electricity, electric heating, electric discharges and many others. The presence of an electric charge, which can be either positive or negative, produces an electric field. The movement of electric charges is an electric current and produces a magnetic field. When a charge is placed in a location with a non-zero electric field, a force will act on it. The magnitude of this force is given by Coulomb's law. If the charge moves, the electric field would be doing work on the electric charge. Thus we can speak of electric potential at a certain point in space, which is equal to the work done by an external agent in carrying a unit of positiv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electrical Interconnectors To And From The Nordic Grid
Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of matter that has a property of electric charge. Electricity is related to magnetism, both being part of the phenomenon of electromagnetism, as described by Maxwell's equations. Various common phenomena are related to electricity, including lightning, static electricity, electric heating, electric discharges and many others. The presence of an electric charge, which can be either positive or negative, produces an electric field. The movement of electric charges is an electric current and produces a magnetic field. When a charge is placed in a location with a non-zero electric field, a force will act on it. The magnitude of this force is given by Coulomb's law. If the charge moves, the electric field would be doing work on the electric charge. Thus we can speak of electric potential at a certain point in space, which is equal to the work done by an external agent in carrying a unit of positiv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kontek
The Kontek HVDC is a long, monopolar 400 kV high-voltage direct current cable between Germany and the Danish island Zealand. Its name comes from "continent" and the name of the former Danish power transmission company "Elkraft", which operated the power grid on the Danish islands Lolland, Falster and Zealand and had the abbreviation "ek". As of today, the cable is operated by Energinet.dk in Denmark and 50Hertz Transmission GmbH in Germany. Kontek is remarkable because, in contrast to similar facilities like Baltic Cable and Konti-Skan, all land sections of the onshore lines on Falster, Zealand and Germany are implemented as underground cable. This unusual measure, which raised the construction costs of Kontek significantly, was made for practical rather than technical reasons. Obtaining permission for building overhead lines can take a long time, and hence underground cables were used in order to ensure it was completed on schedule. Description The Kontek cable begins ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estlink
Estlink is a set of HVDC submarine power cables between Estonia and Finland. Estlink 1 is the first interconnection between the Baltic and Nordic electricity markets followed by Estlink 2 in 2014. The main purpose of the Estlink connection is to secure power supply in both regions to integrate the Baltic and Nordic energy markets. Estlink 1 History First plans for a submarine power cable between the Baltic and the Nordic regions were proposed in 1990s. Negotiations between Eesti Energia, Pohjolan Voima, Helsingin Energia, Graninge (now E.ON Sverige), Latvenergo, Statkraft and TXE Nordic Energy, a subsidiary of TXU (now Energy Future Holdings Corporation) started In 1999, and on 9 October 2001 a contract was signed in Tallinn. However, only after the harsh winter of 2002–2003 which resulted in an increased demand for power, the project of the submarine cable between Estonia and Finland got a boost. The letter of intention for underwater sea cable was signed between E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North Sea Link
The North Sea Link is a 1,400MW high-voltage direct current submarine power cable between Norway and the United Kingdom. At it is the longest subsea interconnector in the world. The cable became operational on 1 October 2021. Route The cable runs from Kvilldal, Suldal, in Norway, to Cambois near Blyth in England. The converter station is located near to the cable landfall in East Sleekburn and is connected to the National Grid at the Blyth substation. Technical description The cable is long, and has a capacity of 1,400MW. The estimated cost of the project was €2billion, and it became operational in 2021, as planned. Project participants It is a joint project of the transmission system operators Statnett and National Grid. The offshore cable was supplied by Prysmian and manufactured at the Arco Felice factory in Naples, Italy. It was installed by the cable-laying vessel ''Giulio Verne''. Cable for the fjord, tunnel and lake sections, and the onshore connection in No ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NorNed
NorNed is a long high-voltage direct current submarine power cable between Feda in Norway and the seaport of Eemshaven in the Netherlands, which interconnects both countries' electrical grids. It was once the longest submarine power cable in the world. Budgeted at €550 million, and completed at a cost of €600m, the NorNed cable is a HVDC#Bipolar, bipolar HVDC link with a voltage of ±450 kV and a capacity of 700 MW. NorNed is a joint project of the Norwegian transmission system operator Statnett and its Dutch counterpart TenneT. The cable system itself and the two converter stations were produced by ABB. History Installation of the first sections started in early 2006 and the final section was laid by the end of 2007. On the Dutch shore, TenneT has connected the cable to the 380 kV Dutch high‑voltage grid. In Feda, Statnett has done the same for the 300 kV Norwegian transmission grid. Commercial operation started on 5 May 2008 with a capacity aucti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NordBalt
NordBalt (also formerly known as SwedLit) is a submarine power cable between Klaipėda in Lithuania and Nybro in Sweden. The purpose of the cable is to facilitate the trading of power between the Baltic and Nordic electricity markets, and to increase the supply and energy security in both markets. History The project was originally suggested in 2004. Original project Swindlit was aimed at construction of the wind farm in the Baltic Sea and ensuring the electricity transmission to Sweden and Lithuania. The participants of this project were interested also in Kruonis Pumped Storage Plant as an accumulator of variable wind energy. In August 2006, the Lithuanian and Swedish transmission grid operators Lietuvos Energija and Svenska kraftnät agreed to launch a feasibility study of a possible interconnector. In February 2007, Lietuvos Energija and Svenska Kraftnät signed an agreement with Swedish consulting company SWECO International on preparation of feasibility study. The study ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SwePol
SwePol is a -long monopolar high-voltage direct current (HVDC) submarine cable between the Stärnö peninsula near Karlshamn, Sweden, and Bruskowo Wielkie, near Słupsk, Poland. The link was inaugurated in 2000 and can transmit up to 600 MW power at a voltage of 450 kV. The cable has a cross section of . It runs for as an underground cable from the Stärno HVDC Station to the shore of the Baltic Sea. The long submarine cable comes ashore in Poland near Ustka at and runs underground for the remaining to Bruskowo Wielkie HVDC Static Inverter Plant. Unlike other monopolar HVDC schemes, Swepol uses a metallic return consisting of 2 cables with sections for the submarine portion of the line, and a single cable with sections for the land portions. Both stations use air-core inductance smoothing rectifiers of 225 mH and a weight of , with filters for the 11th, 13th, 24th, and 36th harmonics. Each filter consists of a coil and a capacitor switched in row. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baltic Cable
The Baltic Cable is a monopolar HVDC power line running beneath the Baltic Sea that interconnects the electric power grids of Germany and Sweden. Its maximum transmission power is 600 megawatts (MW). The Baltic Cable uses a transmission voltage of 450 kV – the highest operating voltage for energy transmission in Germany. The total project cost was 2 billion SEK (US$280 million), and the link was put into operation in December 1994. With a length of , it was the second longest high voltage undersea cable on earth, until Basslink came into service in 2006. Route The Baltic Cable starts in Germany at the converter station at Lübeck-Herrenwyk, which is on the site of a former coal-fired power station, It crosses the river Trave in a channel below the bottom of the river and then follows its course as sea cable laid at the eastern side of the river. After crossing the Priwall Peninsula the cable runs parallel to the coast of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, befor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
