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Swiss Federal Institute Of Intellectual Property
The Swiss Federal Institute of Intellectual Property (French: ''Institut fédéral de la propriété intellectuelle'', IPI; German: ''Eidgenössisches Institut für Geistiges Eigentum'', IGE; Italian: ''Istituto federale della proprietà intellettuale''), based in Bern, is an agency of the federal administration of Switzerland responsible for patents, trademarks, geographical indications, industrial designs and copyright. It is part of the Federal Department of Justice and Police. Since 1996, it operates as an autonomous agency with control of its own budget. History The Federal Intellectual Property Agency was founded on 15 November 1888. Albert Einstein worked there as a patent clerk for several years, including 1905, his ''Annus Mirabilis'' (miracle year). That year, while continuing to work on patents, Einstein published four groundbreaking papers that are fundamental to modern physics. The agency was renamed the Federal Office of Intellectual Property in 1978 as part of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bern
german: Berner(in)french: Bernois(e) it, bernese , neighboring_municipalities = Bremgarten bei Bern, Frauenkappelen, Ittigen, Kirchlindach, Köniz, Mühleberg, Muri bei Bern, Neuenegg, Ostermundigen, Wohlen bei Bern, Zollikofen , website = www.bern.ch Bern () or Berne; in other Swiss languages, gsw, Bärn ; frp, Bèrna ; it, Berna ; rm, Berna is the '' de facto'' capital of Switzerland, referred to as the "federal city" (in german: Bundesstadt, link=no, french: ville fédérale, link=no, it, città federale, link=no, and rm, citad federala, link=no). According to the Swiss constitution, the Swiss Confederation intentionally has no "capital", but Bern has governmental institutions such as the Federal Assembly and Federal Council. However, the Federal Supreme Court is in Lausanne, the Federal Criminal Court is in Bellinzona and the Federal Administrative Court and the Federal Patent Court are in St. Gallen, exemplifying the federal nature of the Confederati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Annus Mirabilis Papers
The ''annus mirabilis'' papers (from Latin '' annus mīrābilis'', "miracle year") are the four papers that Albert Einstein published in '' Annalen der Physik'' (''Annals of Physics''), a scientific journal, in 1905. These four papers were major contributions to the foundation of modern physics. They revolutionized science's understanding of the fundamental concepts of space, time, mass, and energy. Because Einstein published these remarkable papers in a single year, 1905 is called his ''annus mirabilis'' (''miracle year'' in English or ''Wunderjahr'' in German). The first paper explained the photoelectric effect, which was the only specific discovery mentioned in the citation awarding Einstein the Nobel Prize in Physics. The second paper explained Brownian motion, which led reluctant physicists to accept the existence of atoms. The third paper introduced Einstein's theory of special relativity. The fourth, a consequence of the theory of special relativity, developed the princip ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federal Offices Of Switzerland
Federal or foederal (archaic) may refer to: Politics General * Federal monarchy, a federation of monarchies * Federation, or ''Federal state'' (federal system), a type of government characterized by both a central (federal) government and states or regional governments that are partially self-governing; a union of states * Federal republic, a federation which is a republic * Federalism, a political philosophy * Federalist, a political belief or member of a political grouping *Federalization, implementation of federalism Particular governments * Federal government of the United States ** United States federal law ** United States federal courts *Government of Argentina * Government of Australia * Government of Pakistan * Federal government of Brazil * Government of Canada * Government of India *Federal government of Mexico * Federal government of Nigeria * Government of Russia * Government of South Africa *Government of Philippines Other *'' The Federalist Papers'', critical early ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1888 Establishments In Switzerland
In Germany, 1888 is known as the Year of the Three Emperors. Currently, it is the year that, when written in Roman numerals, has the most digits (13). The next year that also has 13 digits is the year 2388. The record will be surpassed as late as 2888, which has 14 digits. Events January–March * January 3 – The 91-centimeter telescope at Lick Observatory in California is first used. * January 12 – The Schoolhouse Blizzard hits Dakota Territory, the states of Montana, Minnesota, Nebraska, Kansas, and Texas, leaving 235 dead, many of them children on their way home from school. * January 13 – The National Geographic Society is founded in Washington, D.C. * January 21 – The Amateur Athletic Union is founded by William Buckingham Curtis in the United States. * January 26 – The Lawn Tennis Association is founded in England. * February 6 – Gillis Bildt becomes Prime Minister of Sweden (1888–1889). * February 27 &ndash ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swiss Made
Swiss made is a label or marking used to indicate that a product was made on the territory of Switzerland. It is also a geographical indication protected under different Swiss and international laws and treaties. According to the Swiss Federal Act on the Protection of Trade Marks and Indications of Source, a good or service may be designated "Swiss made" if:Federal Act on the Protection of Trade Marks and Indications of Source status as of 1 January 2017 (page visited on 17 October 2018). * For food products: 80% of the weight of the raw materials and the essential processing must take place in Switzerland. * For industrial products: 60% of the manufacturing costs and the essential manufacturing step must occur in Switzerland. * For services: the company he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federal Patent Court (Switzerland)
The Swiss Federal Patent Court (German: ''Bundespatentgericht'', French: ''Tribunal fédéral des brevets'') is a Swiss federal court competent for particular legal matters, such as patent cases. It has its seat in Sankt Gallen, Switzerland. In Switzerland, the court has exclusive jurisdiction with regard to the Swiss/Liechtenstein unitary patents, whether these unitary patents are European patents or "national" patents, in questions of validity and infringement disputes, preliminary measures and enforcement of decisions made under its exclusive jurisdiction. Appeal is possible (with regard to legal issues) to the Federal Supreme Court. The court started its work in 2012, taking over jurisdiction from 26 individual cantonal courts and consists of panels of both legally and technically qualified judges. See also * Federal Patent Court of Germany * Swiss Federal Institute of Intellectual Property * Copyright law of Switzerland References Further reading * External lin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Copyright Law Of Switzerland
The copyright law of Switzerland is based on the concept of "author's rights" (''Urheberrecht'' in German, ''droit d'auteur'' in French, ''diritto d'autore'' in Italian), which is similar to the French copyright law, instead of the concept of copyright used in common law jurisdictions. The current copyright law of Switzerland is the ''Swiss Federal Copyright Act of 1992'', which dates from October 9, 1992 and has only seen minor revisions since then. In October 2007, a revision was approved in order to implement the WIPO Copyright Treaty in the act, a process started in 2004 with the release by the Swiss Federal Council of a draft project. Copyrights in Swiss law last for 70 years after the death of the author (50 years after the death of the author for computer programs). All "works" in the sense of the law, i.e. "creations of the mind, literary or artistic, that have an individual character" [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roland Grossenbacher
Dr. Roland Edouard GrossenbacherAs source for his middle name, see''In Betreuung von Prof. Rehbinder erstellte Dissertationen'' web site of the University of Zurich, ''Rechtswissenschaftliches Institutes'', number 32. Consulted on February 12, 2010. See also the use of "Roland E. Grossenbacher" in Bertrand F. Micheli''Review of the Congress Geneva 2004 – Social Events'' AIPPI Newsletter, October 2004, no. 14, 4_04, page 10. is a Swiss attorney at law, who served as chairman of the Administrative Council of the European Patent Organisation from 5 March 2000 to 4 March 2009. He was appointed at this post for a first three-year term on 5 March 2000.Swiss Federal Institute of Intellectual Property web site''EPO: victory for Switzerland'' Bern, October 15, 1999. Consulted on March 24, 2008. He was then reelected in 2002 for a second term, beginning on 5 March 2003. In December 2005, he was again re-elected as Chairman of the Council from a third term from 5 March 2006 to 4 March 2009. Of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Brändli (EPO), serving from 1 May 1985 to 31 December 1995. (See "1985".)
Paul Braendli (fl. 1980s-1990s) is a Swiss intellectual property administrator. He was the second president of the European Patent Office The European Patent Office (EPO) is one of the two organs of the European Patent Organisation (EPOrg), the other being the Administrative Council. The EPO acts as executive body for the organisation References Living people 20th-century Swiss lawyers Year of birth missing (living people)[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inventive Step
The inventive step and non-obviousness reflect a general patentability requirement present in most patent laws, according to which an invention should be sufficiently inventive—i.e., non-obvious—in order to be patented. In other words, " henonobviousness principle asks whether the invention is an adequate distance beyond or above the state of the art". The expression "inventive step" is predominantly used in Europe, while the expression "non-obviousness" is predominantly used in United States patent law. The expression "inventiveness" is sometimes used as well. Although the basic principle is roughly the same, the assessment of the inventive step and non-obviousness varies from one country to another. For instance, the practice of the European Patent Office (EPO) differs from the practice in the United Kingdom. Rationale The purpose of the inventive step, or non-obviousness, requirement is to avoid granting patents for inventions which only follow from "normal product design ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Novelty (patent)
Novelty is a requirement for a patent claim to be patentable. An invention is not new and therefore not patentable if it was known to the public before the filing date of the patent application, or before its date of priority if the applicant claims priority of an earlier patent application. The purpose of the novelty requirement is to prevent prior art from being patented again.: "I. Patentability; C. Novelty; 1. General" ("An invention can be patented only if it is new. An invention is considered to be new if it does not form part of the state of the art. The purpose of Art. 54(1) EPC is to prevent the state of the art being patented again (T 12/81, OJ 1982, 296; T 198/84, OJ 1985, 209).") Definition Novelty is requirement for a patent claim to be patentable. In contrast, if an invention was known to the public before filing a patent application, or before its date of priority, if the priority of an earlier patent application is claimed, the invention is not considere ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
