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Supplex Libellus Valachorum
''Supplex Libellus Valachorum Transsilvaniae'' (Latin for ''Petition of the Romanians of Transylvania'') is the name of two petitions sent by the leaders of the ethnic Romanians of Transylvania to the Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II, demanding equal political rights with the other ethnicities of Transylvania and a share of the Transylvanian Diet proportional to their population. The first Supplex was sent in March 1791 by Ignatie Darabant, the Greek Catholic bishop of Oradea, to the State Council of Vienna. The second Supplex, a largely expanded and argumented version of the first, was brought before the Imperial Court of Vienna on March 30, 1792, by Ioan Bob, Greek Catholic bishop of Blaj, and by Gherasim Adamovici, Orthodox bishop of Transylvania. The demands in the petition, according to the researches of David Prodan, were largely based on the ''Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen'' of Revolutionary France, and it also included an essay reviewing historical r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Supplex Libellus Valachorum Transsilvaniae
''Supplex Libellus Valachorum Transsilvaniae'' (Latin for ''Petition of the Romanians of Transylvania'') is the name of two petitions sent by the leaders of the ethnic Romanians of Transylvania to the Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II, demanding equal political rights with the other ethnicities of Transylvania and a share of the Transylvanian Diet proportional to their population. The first Supplex was sent in March 1791 by Ignatie Darabant, the Greek Catholic bishop of Oradea, to the State Council of Vienna. The second Supplex, a largely expanded and argumented version of the first, was brought before the Imperial Court of Vienna on March 30, 1792, by Ioan Bob, Greek Catholic bishop of Blaj, and by Gherasim Adamovici, Orthodox bishop of Transylvania. The demands in the petition, according to the researches of David Prodan, were largely based on the ''Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen'' of Revolutionary France, and it also included an essay reviewing historical r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Declaration Of The Rights Of Man And Of The Citizen
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (french: Déclaration des droits de l'homme et du citoyen de 1789, links=no), set by France's National Constituent Assembly in 1789, is a human civil rights document from the French Revolution. Inspired by Enlightenment philosophers, the Declaration was a core statement of the values of the French Revolution and had a major impact on the development of popular conceptions of individual liberty and democracy in Europe and worldwide. The Declaration was originally drafted by the Marquis de Lafayette, but the majority of the final draft came from the Abbé Sieyès. Influenced by the doctrine of natural right, the rights of man are held to be universal: valid at all times and in every place. It became the basis for a nation of free individuals protected equally by the law. It is included in the beginning of the constitutions of both the Fourth French Republic (1946) and Fifth Republic (1958), and is considered valid as const ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ausgleich
The Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 (german: Ausgleich, hu, Kiegyezés) established the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary. The Compromise only partially re-established the former pre-1848 sovereignty and status of the Kingdom of Hungary, being separate from, but no longer subject to, the Austrian Empire. The compromise put an end to the 18-year-long military dictatorship and absolutist rule over Hungary which Emperor Franz Joseph had instituted after the Hungarian Revolution of 1848. The territorial integrity of the Kingdom of Hungary was restored. The agreement also restored the old historic constitution of the Kingdom of Hungary. Hungarian political leaders had two main goals during the negotiations. One was to regain the traditional status (both legal and political) of the Hungarian state, which had been lost after the Hungarian Revolution of 1848. The other was to restore the series of reform laws (the so-called April Laws) of the revolutionary parliament of 1848, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Revolutions Of 1848 In The Habsburg Areas
The Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire were a set of revolutions that took place in the Austrian Empire from March 1848 to November 1849. Much of the revolutionary activity had a nationalist character: the Empire, ruled from Vienna, included ethnic Germans, Hungarians, Slovenes, Poles, Czechs, Slovaks, Ruthenians (Ukrainians), Romanians, Croats, Venetians and Serbs; all of whom attempted in the course of the revolution to either achieve autonomy, independence, or even hegemony over other nationalities. The nationalist picture was further complicated by the simultaneous events in the German states, which moved toward greater German national unity. Besides these nationalists, liberal and even socialist currents resisted the Empire's longstanding conservatism. Preamble The events of 1848 were the product of mounting social and political tensions after the Congress of Vienna of 1815. During the "pre-March" period, the already conservative Austrian Empire moved further aw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transylvanian Memorandum
The ''Transylvanian Memorandum'' ( ro, Memorandumul Transilvaniei) was a petition sent in 1892 by the leaders of the Romanians of Transylvania to the Austro-Hungarian Emperor-King Franz Joseph, asking for equal ethnic rights with the Hungarians, and demanding an end to persecutions and Magyarization attempts. Status After the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 (''Ausgleich''), Transylvania again became the integral part of Hungary. Initially Romanians (through their representatives, the Romanian National Party) took part in the political life, however, since 1869 after several disagreements they chose to enter into political passivity. They had several complaints; i.e. Romanians formed the majority of Transylvania's population, but they were underrepresented in the Hungarian Parliament due to electoral abuses and the higher property qualification required by the electoral laws, they were subjected to Magyarization and they resented that Transylvania had lost its autonomy, withou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ioan Para
Ioan is a variation on the name John found in Romanian, Bulgarian, Russian, Welsh (), and Sardinian. It is usually masculine. The female equivalent in Romanian and Bulgarian is Ioana. In Russia, the name Ioann is usually reserved for the clergy (when a person called Ivan becomes a priest or a monk, he becomes known as Ioann). People with the name Romanian * Ioan-Aurel Pop, historian * Ioan Alexandru, poet * Ioan Andone, footballer and coach * Ioan Apostol, luger * Ioan Baba, poet * Ioan A. Bassarabescu, writer and politician * Ioan Teodor Callimachi, Prince of Moldavia * Ioan Cantacuzino, microbiologist * Ioan Gheorghe Caragea, Prince of Wallachia * Ioan Carlaonț, World War II general * Ioan Mihai Cochinescu, novelist * Ioan Condruc, footballer * Ioan P. Culianu, historian and philosopher * Ioan Dumitrache, World War II general * Ioan Fiscuteanu, actor * Ioan Flueraș, politician * Ioan Gherghel, swimmer * Ioan Iacob Heraclid, Prince of Moldavia * Ioan Holender, opera admi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ion Budai-Deleanu
Ion Budai-Deleanu (January 6, 1760 – August 24, 1820) was a Romanian scholar, philologist, historian, poet, and a representative of the Transylvanian School. He was born in Csigmó (today Cigmău), a village in the town of Algyógy (today Geoagiu, Hunedoara County), located in the western part of Transylvania. Budai-Deleanu studied at the College of Saint Barbara in Vienna. After completing his doctorate at the University of Erlau, he settled in Lemberg (now Lviv in Ukraine). He finished an epic poem, entitled ''Țiganiada'' ("Gypsy Epic"), about a band of gypsies that fought alongside the army of Vlad the Impaler, the medieval ruler of Wallachia. He was one of the first proponents of the idea of the unification of the lands that now form Romania. He proposed that the union should be achieved under the rule of the Habsburgs, through the annexation of Wallachia and Moldavia into the Grand Principality of Transylvania. According to Budai-Deleanu, the Dacians did not have a role ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iosif Meheși
Iosif may refer to: People *Iosif Amusin, Soviet historian *Iosif Anisim, Romanian sprint canoer *Iosif Blaga, Romanian literary theorist and politician *Iosif Bobulescu, Romanian bishop *Iosif Capotă, Romanian anti-communist resistance fighter *Iosif Iser, Romanian painter and graphic artist *Iosif Mendelssohn, Romanian chess master *Iosif Pogrebyssky, Ukrainian chess master *Iosif Rotariu, Romanian footballer *Iosif Shklovsky, Soviet astronomer and astrophysicist *Iosif Vitebskiy (born 1938), Soviet Ukrainian Olympic medalist and world champion fencer and fencing coach *Iosif Vigu, Romanian footballer and manager *Iosif Vulcan, Austro-Hungarian Romanian magazine editor and cultural figure *Dan Iosif, Romanian politician *Ștefan Octavian Iosif Ștefan Octavian Iosif (; 11 October 1875 – 22 June 1913) was an Austro-Hungarian-born Romanian poet and translator. Life Born in Brașov, Transylvania (part of Austria-Hungary at the time), he studied in his native town and in S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ioan Piuariu-Molnar
Ioan is a variation on the name John found in Romanian, Bulgarian, Russian, Welsh (), and Sardinian. It is usually masculine. The female equivalent in Romanian and Bulgarian is Ioana. In Russia, the name Ioann is usually reserved for the clergy (when a person called Ivan becomes a priest or a monk, he becomes known as Ioann). People with the name Romanian * Ioan-Aurel Pop, historian * Ioan Alexandru, poet * Ioan Andone, footballer and coach * Ioan Apostol, luger * Ioan Baba, poet * Ioan A. Bassarabescu, writer and politician * Ioan Teodor Callimachi, Prince of Moldavia * Ioan Cantacuzino, microbiologist * Ioan Gheorghe Caragea, Prince of Wallachia * Ioan Carlaonț, World War II general * Ioan Mihai Cochinescu, novelist * Ioan Condruc, footballer * Ioan P. Culianu, historian and philosopher * Ioan Dumitrache, World War II general * Ioan Fiscuteanu, actor * Ioan Flueraș, politician * Ioan Gherghel, swimmer * Ioan Iacob Heraclid, Prince of Moldavia * Ioan Holender, opera admin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gheorghe Șincai
Gheorghe Șincai (; February 28, 1754 – November 2, 1816) was a Romanian historian, philologist, translator, poet, and representative of the Enlightenment-influenced Transylvanian School. As the director of Greek Catholic education in Transylvania he brought a fundamental contribution to the process of promoting culture in rural environments. He revised before publishing Samuil Micu's first grammar of the Romanian language: '' Elementa linguae daco-romanae sive valachicae'' (''The elements of the Daco-Roman or Vlach/Wallachian language'') (Vienna, 1780), in which they demonstrated the Latin origins of the Romanian language. Biography Born in Mezősámsond, (now Râciu de Câmpie, Mureș County, Romania), he studied at Marosvásárhely, Kolozsvár, Beszterce, Balázsfalva, Vienna and Rome (in the last two cities together with Samuil Micu, nephew of Bishop Inocențiu Micu-Klein). He turned out to be a polyglot, thoroughly mastering Greek, Latin, Hungarian, German, Italia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petru Maior
Petru Maior (; 1761 in Marosvásárhely ''(now Târgu Mureș, Romania)'' – 14 February 1821 in Budapest) was a Romanian writer who is considered one of the most influential personalities of the Age of Enlightenment in Transylvania (the ''Transylvanian School''). Maior was a member of the Greek-Catholic clergy, a historian, philosopher, and linguist. Works Petru Maior took a stand and responded, in 1812, by writing the "''History of the Beginnings of the Romanians in Dacia''" against all those who questioned the origin, character, and the becoming of his people. Among his works are * "''Didahii''" (1809), * "''Propovedanii''" (1809), * "''Prediche''" (Sermons) (1810–1811) * "''Istoria pentru începutul românilor în Dachia''" (History of the beginnings of the Romanians in Dacia) (1812) * "''Istoria Besearicei românilor''" (History of Romanian Church) (1813). He was a prolific writer, who published everything he wrote during his lifetime except for two theological w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samuil Micu
Samuil Micu Klein (September 1745 – 13 May 1806) was a Romanian Greek-Catholic theologian, historian, philologist and philosopher, a member of the Enlightenment-era movement of Transylvanian School (Şcoala Ardeleană). He is the author of Elementa linguae daco-romanae sive valachicae, a book which is the reference point for the start of Modern Romanian language period. Biography Born as ''Maniu Micu'' in the Transylvanian village of Sadu, in the Austrian Empire (now in Sibiu County, Romania), he was the son of a Greek-Catholic protopope and the nephew of bishop Inocenţiu Micu-Klein.Hitchins, p. 667. He began to study at the Seminary of Blaj and he joined the Order of Saint Basil in 1762. Micu received a scholarship in 1762 and began studying at the Catholic Pázmáneum University of Vienna. There is little known about his life in Vienna, but it is known he was attracted to science, studying experimental physics, mechanics and mathematics, in addition to theology and philos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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