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Sunbury Research Centre
The Sunbury Research Centre -- also known as ICBT Sunbury—is a main research institute of BP in north-east Surrey. History It began in 1917 as the Sunbury Research Station. Research began with the employment of two chemists to look into the viscosity of fuel oil for the Navy in the First World War, and the production of toluene. In the 1920s research took place into cracking, at the plant at Uphall in Scotland ( West Lothian). The first new building opened in July 1931. 76 staff were there in 1929, 99 in 1934 and 197 in 1939. By the 1950s, BP Research was in a 39-acre site in Sunbury. Geophysical research had also taken place at Kirklington Hall Research Station in Nottinghamshire, until 1957. Around 1958, the site was expanded with a new Physics laboratory and five other buildings. A Linear electron accelerator was installed. By early 1958, Kirklington Hall had been sold. Products that the British Petroleum Company made in the 1950s were BP Motor Spirit and BP Energol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geochemistry
Geochemistry is the science that uses the tools and principles of chemistry to explain the mechanisms behind major geological systems such as the Earth's crust and its oceans. The realm of geochemistry extends beyond the Earth, encompassing the entire Solar System, and has made important contributions to the understanding of a number of processes including mantle convection, the formation of planets and the origins of granite and basalt. It is an integrated field of chemistry and geology. History The term ''geochemistry'' was first used by the Swiss-German chemist Christian Friedrich Schönbein in 1838: "a comparative geochemistry ought to be launched, before geognosy can become geology, and before the mystery of the genesis of our planets and their inorganic matter may be revealed." However, for the rest of the century the more common term was "chemical geology", and there was little contact between geologists and chemists. Geochemistry emerged as a separate discipline after ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nottinghamshire
Nottinghamshire (; abbreviated Notts.) is a landlocked county in the East Midlands region of England, bordering South Yorkshire to the north-west, Lincolnshire to the east, Leicestershire to the south, and Derbyshire to the west. The traditional county town is Nottingham, though the county council is based at County Hall in West Bridgford in the borough of Rushcliffe, at a site facing Nottingham over the River Trent. The districts of Nottinghamshire are Ashfield, Bassetlaw, Broxtowe, Gedling, Mansfield, Newark and Sherwood, and Rushcliffe. The City of Nottingham was administratively part of Nottinghamshire between 1974 and 1998, but is now a unitary authority, remaining part of Nottinghamshire for ceremonial purposes. The county saw a minor change in its coverage as Finningley was moved from the county into South Yorkshire and is part of the City of Doncaster. This is also where the now-closed Doncaster Sheffield Airport is located (formerly Robin Hood Airport). In 20 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oil Fields Operated By BP
This is a list of oil and gas fields operated by BP. United Kingdom All fields in British territory are operated as part of the BP's North Sea Strategic Performance Unit from their office in Dyce, Aberdeen. This includes some fields not strictly in the North Sea itself. Fields in the Norwegian sector are operated from Stavanger. Onshore * Wytch Farm in Dorset (transferred to Perenco ownership 2011) Southern North Sea * Amethyst gas field (transferred to Perenco ownership, being decommissioned 2021) * Cleeton gas field (transferred to Perenco ownership 2012) * Ravenspurn gas fields (transferred to Perenco ownership 2012) * West sole gas field (transferred to Perenco ownership 2012) Central North Sea * Andrew oilfield (transferred to Premier Oil ownership 2020) * Cyrus oilfield (transferred to Premier Oil ownership 2020) * ETAP complex ** Marnock ** Mungo ** Monan ** Machar ** Mirren ** Madoes * Erskine gas field (transferred to Ithaca Energy ownership) * Everest gasf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Castrol Technology Centre
The Castrol Technology Centre is a research institute owned by BP in South Oxfordshire, north of Whitchurch-on-Thames. History Castrol Castrol was founded by Charles Wakefield, 1st Viscount Wakefield, C.C.Wakefield in 1899, making lubricants (Wakefield lubricator) for railways. The research site is based at Bozedown House, a former private residence originally built by William Fanning c.1870 and then rebuilt by Charles Palmer in 1907 after the original house was destroyed by fire. It became a chemical research site in the 1950s and was purchased by Castrol in 1976. In 1993 it won the Queen's Award for Technological Achievement for its Castrol Marine Cyltech 80. Castrol employs around 7,000 staff worldwide. Castrol was bought by BP in 2000. Structure The site is around three-quarters of a mile north of the River Thames, east of the B471, accessed from the A4074 road, A4074 at Woodcote. The site has around 500 staff. Function Castrol has twelve research sites around the world ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laboratory
A laboratory (; ; colloquially lab) is a facility that provides controlled conditions in which scientific or technological research, experiments, and measurement may be performed. Laboratory services are provided in a variety of settings: physicians' offices, clinics, hospitals, and regional and national referral centers. Overview The organisation and contents of laboratories are determined by the differing requirements of the specialists working within. A physics laboratory might contain a particle accelerator or vacuum chamber, while a metallurgy laboratory could have apparatus for casting or refining metals or for testing their strength. A chemist or biologist might use a wet laboratory, while a psychologist's laboratory might be a room with one-way mirrors and hidden cameras in which to observe behavior. In some laboratories, such as those commonly used by computer scientists, computers (sometimes supercomputers) are used for either simulations or the analysis of data. Scient ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enhanced Oil Recovery
Enhanced oil recovery (abbreviated EOR), also called tertiary recovery, is the extraction of crude oil from an oil field that cannot be extracted otherwise. EOR can extract 30% to 60% or more of a reservoir's oil, compared to 20% to 40% using primary and secondary recovery. According to the US Department of Energy, carbon dioxide and water are injected along with one of three EOR techniques: thermal injection, gas injection, and chemical injection. More advanced, speculative EOR techniques are sometimes called quaternary recovery. Methods There are three primary techniques of EOR: gas injection, thermal injection, and chemical injection. Gas injection, which uses gases such as natural gas, nitrogen, or carbon dioxide (CO2), accounts for nearly 60 percent of EOR production in the United States. Thermal injection, which involves the introduction of heat, accounts for 40 percent of EOR production in the United States, with most of it occurring in California. Chemical injection, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Witan Gate House
The Witan () was the king's council in Anglo-Saxon England from before the seventh century until the 11th century. It was composed of the leading magnates, both ecclesiastic and secular, and meetings of the council were sometimes called the Witenagemot. Its primary function was to advise the king on subjects such as promulgation of laws, judicial judgments, approval of charters transferring land, settlement of disputes, election of archbishops and bishops and other matters of major national importance. The witan also had to elect and approve the appointment of a new king. Its membership was composed of the most important noblemen, including ealdormen, thegns, and senior clergy. Terminology The terms and are increasingly avoided by modern historians, although few would go as far as Geoffrey Hindley, who described as an "essentially Victorian" coinage. ''The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England'' prefers 'King's Council', but adds that it was known in Old English as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
A308 Road
The A308 is a road in England in two parts. The first part runs from Central London to Putney Bridge. The second part runs from just beyond Putney Heath to Bisham, Berkshire. It traces four, roughly straight lines, to stay no more than from the Thames. It is a dual carriageway where it is furthest from that river, in Spelthorne, Surrey and forms one of the motorway spurs to the large town of Maidenhead. Other key settlements served are Fulham, Kingston, London, Kingston (London), Staines upon Thames, Windsor, Berkshire, Windsor and a minor approach to Marlow, Buckinghamshire, Marlow Central London part Kensington and Chelsea The South Kensington to Fulham section starts at the A4 road (Great Britain), A4 road opposite Brompton Oratory and follows Fulham Road south-west past Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, where it jumps south a block to takeover the Kings Road. Hammersmith and Fulham Through broad Fulham which traditionally, as bolstered by its associated London postco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
A244 Road
List of A roads in zone 2 in Great Britain starting south of the River Thames The River Thames ( ), known alternatively in parts as the The Isis, River Isis, is a river that flows through southern England including London. At , it is the longest river entirely in England and the Longest rivers of the United Kingdom, se ... and east of the A3 (roads beginning with 2). __FORCETOC__ Single- and double-digit roads Triple-digit roads Four digit roads {{United Kingdom roads 2 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forties Oil Field
The Forties Oil Field is the second largest oil field in the North Sea, after the Clair oil field, which is located 110 miles east of Aberdeen. It was discovered in 1970 and first produced oil in 1975 under ownership of British Petroleum, now called BP. History BP had made the announcement to the press on 7 October 1970, that oil had been struck east-northeast of Aberdeen in of water.Hill, P.J., and Wood, G.V., 1980, Geology of the Forties Field, U.K. Continental Shelf, North Sea, in Giant Oil and Gas Fields of the Decade:1968–1978, AAPG Memoir 30, Tulsa: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, , p. 81. Production is from the Paleocene Forties Formation sandstones over a 90 km2 area making it a "giant oil field". BP's semi-submersible drilling rig '' Sea Quest'' hit crude oil at in the Upper Tertiary sandstone. Four appraisal wells drilled during 1971–1972 revealed a large reservoir at a depth of about and closure of 155 m.Hill, P.J., and Wood, G.V., 1980, Geolo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North Sea Oil
North Sea oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons, comprising liquid petroleum and natural gas, produced from petroleum reservoirs beneath the North Sea. In the petroleum industry, the term "North Sea" often includes areas such as the Norwegian Sea and the area known as "West of Shetland", "the Atlantic Frontier" or "the Atlantic Margin" that is not geographically part of the North Sea. Brent crude is still used today as a standard benchmark for pricing oil, although the contract now refers to a blend of oils from fields in the northern North Sea. From the 1960s to 2014 it was reported that 42 billion barrels of oil equivalent (BOE) had been extracted from the North Sea since when production began, and there is still a potential of 24 billion BOE left remaining there, which is equivalent to about 35 years worth of production, the North Sea will remain as an important petroleum reservoir for years to come. History 1851–1963 Commercial extraction of oil on the shores of the North Sea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Motor Oil
Motor oil, engine oil, or engine lubricant is any one of various substances used for the lubrication of internal combustion engines. They typically consist of base oils enhanced with various additives, particularly antiwear additives, detergents, dispersants, and, for multi-grade oils, viscosity index improvers. The main function of motor oil is to reduce friction and wear on moving parts and to clean the engine from sludge (one of the functions of dispersants) and varnish (detergents). It also neutralizes acids that originate from fuel and from oxidation of the lubricant (detergents), improves sealing of piston rings, and cools the engine by carrying heat away from moving parts. In addition to the aforementioned basic constituents, almost all lubricating oils contain corrosion and oxidation inhibitors. Motor oil may be composed of only a lubricant base stock in the case of non- detergent oil, or a lubricant base stock plus additives to improve the oil's detergency, extreme p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
