Suboccipital Muscles

	Suboccipital Muscles The suboccipital muscles are a group of muscles defined by their location to the occiput. Suboccipital muscles are located below the occipital bone. These are four paired muscles on the underside of the occipital bone; the two straight muscles (''rectus'') and the two oblique muscles (''obliquus''). The muscles are named '' Rectus capitis posterior major'' goes from the spinous process of the axis (C2) to the occipital bone. ''Rectus capitis posterior minor'' goes from the middle of the posterior arch of the atlas to the occipit. '' Obliquus capitis superior'' goes from the transverse process of the atlas to the occiput. ''Obliquus capitis inferior The obliquus capitis inferior muscle () is the larger of the two oblique muscles of the neck. It arises from the apex of the spinous process of the axis and passes laterally and slightly upward, to be inserted into the lower and back part of the tr ...'' goes from the spine of the axis vertebra to the transverse process of the atla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Rectus Capitis Posterior Major Muscle The rectus capitis posterior major (or rectus capitis posticus major, both being Latin for ''larger posterior straight muscle of the head'') arises by a pointed tendon from the spinous process of the axis, and, becoming broader as it ascends, is inserted into the lateral part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone and the surface of the bone immediately below the line. A soft tissue connection bridging from the rectus capitis posterior major to the cervical dura mater was described in 2011. Various clinical manifestations may be linked to this anatomical relationship. It has also been postulated that this connection serves as a monitor of dural tension along with the rectus capitis posterior minor and the obliquus capitis inferior. As the muscles of the two sides pass upward and lateralward, they leave between them a triangular space, in which the rectus capitis posterior minor is seen. Its main actions are to extend and rotate the atlanto-occipital joint. See also * A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor Muscle The rectus capitis posterior minor (or rectus capitis posticus minor, both being Latin for ''lesser posterior straight muscle of the head'') arises by a narrow pointed tendon from the tubercle on the posterior arch of the atlas, and, widening as it ascends, is inserted into the medial part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone and the surface between it and the foramen magnum, and also takes some attachment to the spinal dura mater. The synergists are the rectus capitis posterior major and the obliquus capitis superior. Connective tissue bridges were noted at the atlanto-occipital joint between the rectus capitis posterior minor (RCPm) muscle and the dorsal spinal dura. Similar connective tissue connections of the rectus capitis posterior major have been reported recently as well. The perpendicular arrangement of these fibers appears to restrict dural movement toward the spinal cord. The ligamentum nuchae was found to be continuous with the posterior cervical spi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Obliquus Capitis Superior Muscle The obliquus capitis superior muscle () is a small muscle in the upper back part of the neck and is one of the suboccipital muscles and part of the suboccipital triangle. It arises from the lateral mass of the atlas bone. It passes superiorly and posteriorly to insert into the lateral half of the inferior nuchal line on the external surface of the occipital bone. The muscle is innervated by the suboccipital nerve, the dorsal ramus of the first spinal nerve. It acts at the atlanto-occipital joint to extend the head and flex the head to the ipsilateral side. Additional images File:Obliquus capitis superior muscle - animation04.gif, Position of obliquus capitis superior (shown in red). Animation. File:Obliquus capitis superior muscle05.png, Still image. Posterior view. File:Obliquus capitis superior.png, Deep muscles of the back (obliquus capitis superior labeled at upper left) File:Gray129.png, Occipital bone. Outer surface. Muscle attachments are shown as red circles. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Obliquus Capitis Inferior Muscle The obliquus capitis inferior muscle () is the larger of the two oblique muscles of the neck. It arises from the apex of the spinous process of the axis and passes laterally and slightly upward, to be inserted into the lower and back part of the transverse process of the atlas. It lies deep to the semispinalis capitis and trapezius muscles. The muscle is responsible for rotation of the head and first cervical vertebra ( atlanto-axial joint). It forms the lower boundary of the suboccipital triangle of the neck. The naming of this muscle may be confusing, as it is the only capitis (L. "head") muscle that does NOT attach to the cranium. Function The obliquus capitis inferior muscle, like the other suboccipital muscles, has an important role in proprioception. This muscle has a very high density of Golgi organs and muscle spindles which accounts for this. It is believed that proprioception may be the primary role of the inferior oblique (and indeed the other suboccipital muscles) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Occiput The occipital bone () is a cranial dermal bone and the main bone of the occiput (back and lower part of the skull). It is trapezoidal in shape and curved on itself like a shallow dish. The occipital bone overlies the occipital lobes of the cerebrum. At the base of skull in the occipital bone, there is a large oval opening called the foramen magnum, which allows the passage of the spinal cord. Like the other cranial bones, it is classed as a flat bone. Due to its many attachments and features, the occipital bone is described in terms of separate parts. From its front to the back is the basilar part, also called the basioccipital, at the sides of the foramen magnum are the lateral parts, also called the exoccipitals, and the back is named as the squamous part. The basilar part is a thick, somewhat quadrilateral piece in front of the foramen magnum and directed towards the pharynx. The squamous part is the curved, expanded plate behind the foramen magnum and is the largest part o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Occipital Bone The occipital bone () is a cranial dermal bone and the main bone of the occiput (back and lower part of the skull). It is trapezoidal in shape and curved on itself like a shallow dish. The occipital bone overlies the occipital lobes of the cerebrum. At the base of skull in the occipital bone, there is a large oval opening called the foramen magnum, which allows the passage of the spinal cord. Like the other cranial bones, it is classed as a flat bone. Due to its many attachments and features, the occipital bone is described in terms of separate parts. From its front to the back is the basilar part, also called the basioccipital, at the sides of the foramen magnum are the lateral parts, also called the exoccipitals, and the back is named as the squamous part. The basilar part is a thick, somewhat quadrilateral piece in front of the foramen magnum and directed towards the pharynx. The squamous part is the curved, expanded plate behind the foramen magnum and is the largest par ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Rectus Capitis Posterior Major The rectus capitis posterior major (or rectus capitis posticus major, both being Latin for ''larger posterior straight muscle of the head'') arises by a pointed tendon from the spinous process of the axis, and, becoming broader as it ascends, is inserted into the lateral part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone and the surface of the bone immediately below the line. A soft tissue connection bridging from the rectus capitis posterior major to the cervical dura mater was described in 2011. Various clinical manifestations may be linked to this anatomical relationship. It has also been postulated that this connection serves as a monitor of dural tension along with the rectus capitis posterior minor and the obliquus capitis inferior. As the muscles of the two sides pass upward and lateralward, they leave between them a triangular space, in which the rectus capitis posterior minor is seen. Its main actions are to extend and rotate the atlanto-occipital joint. See also * A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor The rectus capitis posterior minor (or rectus capitis posticus minor, both being Latin for ''lesser posterior straight muscle of the head'') arises by a narrow pointed tendon from the tubercle on the posterior arch of the atlas, and, widening as it ascends, is inserted into the medial part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone and the surface between it and the foramen magnum, and also takes some attachment to the spinal dura mater. The synergists are the rectus capitis posterior major and the obliquus capitis superior. Connective tissue bridges were noted at the atlanto-occipital joint between the rectus capitis posterior minor (RCPm) muscle and the dorsal spinal dura. Similar connective tissue connections of the rectus capitis posterior major have been reported recently as well. The perpendicular arrangement of these fibers appears to restrict dural movement toward the spinal cord. The ligamentum nuchae was found to be continuous with the posterior cervical spin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Obliquus Capitis Superior The obliquus capitis superior muscle () is a small muscle in the upper back part of the neck and is one of the suboccipital muscles and part of the suboccipital triangle. It arises from the lateral mass of the atlas bone. It passes superiorly and posteriorly to insert into the lateral half of the inferior nuchal line on the external surface of the occipital bone. The muscle is innervated by the suboccipital nerve, the dorsal ramus of the first spinal nerve. It acts at the atlanto-occipital joint to extend the head and flex the head to the ipsilateral side. Additional images File:Obliquus capitis superior muscle - animation04.gif, Position of obliquus capitis superior (shown in red). Animation. File:Obliquus capitis superior muscle05.png, Still image. Posterior view. File:Obliquus capitis superior.png, Deep muscles of the back (obliquus capitis superior labeled at upper left) File:Gray129.png, Occipital bone. Outer surface. Muscle attachments are shown as red circles. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Obliquus Capitis Inferior The obliquus capitis inferior muscle () is the larger of the two oblique muscles of the neck. It arises from the apex of the spinous process of the axis and passes laterally and slightly upward, to be inserted into the lower and back part of the transverse process of the atlas. It lies deep to the semispinalis capitis and trapezius muscles. The muscle is responsible for rotation of the head and first cervical vertebra (atlanto-axial joint). It forms the lower boundary of the suboccipital triangle of the neck. The naming of this muscle may be confusing, as it is the only capitis (L. "head") muscle that does NOT attach to the cranium. Function The obliquus capitis inferior muscle, like the other suboccipital muscles, has an important role in proprioception. This muscle has a very high density of Golgi organs and muscle spindles which accounts for this. It is believed that proprioception may be the primary role of the inferior oblique (and indeed the other suboccipital muscles) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Suboccipital Nerve The suboccipital nerve (first cervical dorsal ramus) is the dorsal primary ramus of the first cervical nerve (C1). It exits the spinal cord between the skull and the first cervical vertebra, the atlas. It lies within the suboccipital triangle along with the vertebral artery, where the artery enters the foramen magnum. It supplies muscles of the suboccipital triangle, the rectus capitis posterior major, obliquus capitis superior, and obliquus capitis inferior. The suboccipital nerve also innervates rectus capitis posterior minor. See also * Vertebral artery The vertebral arteries are major arteries of the neck. Typically, the vertebral arteries originate from the subclavian arteries. Each vessel courses superiorly along each side of the neck, merging within the skull to form the single, midline ... Additional images File:Gray792.png, Upper part of medulla spinalis and hind- and mid-brains; posterior aspect, exposed in situ. File:Suboccipital_triangle.PNG, Subocci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Suboccipital Triangle The suboccipital triangle is a region of the neck bounded by the following three muscles of the suboccipital group of muscles: * Rectus capitis posterior major - above and medially * Obliquus capitis superior - above and laterally * Obliquus capitis inferior - below and laterally (Rectus capitis posterior minor is also in this region but does not form part of the triangle) It is covered by a layer of dense fibro-fatty tissue, situated beneath the semispinalis capitis. The floor is formed by the posterior atlantooccipital membrane, and the posterior arch of the atlas. In the deep groove on the upper surface of the posterior arch of the atlas are the vertebral artery and the first cervical or suboccipital nerve. In the past, the vertebral artery was accessed here in order to conduct angiography of the circle of Willis. Presently, formal angiography of the circle of Willis is performed via catheter angiography, with access usually being acquired at the common femoral artery. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]