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Sub-Coelum
''Sub-Coelum: A Sky-Built Human World'' is an 1893 utopian fiction written by Addison Peale Russell. The book is one volume in the large body of utopian, dystopian, and speculative literature that characterized the later nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Genre Scholar of the genre Jean Pfaelzer has described ''Sub-Coelum'' as a "conservative utopia," a book written in reaction to the multiple radical implications of the utopian fiction of Edward Bellamy and similar writers. While some skeptics of utopianism responded with dystopian satires and parodies, others, like Russell, answered with speculative fictions of their own that defended more conservative values. (Pfaelzer places John Macnie's ''The Diothas'' and John Jacob Astor IV's ''A Journey in Other Worlds'' in the same category.) ''Sub-Coelum'' has been called "a protest against the materialistic and socialistic tendencies of the times." Form ''Sub-Coelum'' has been termed a novel, for want of a better classificati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Addison Peale Russell
Addison Peale Russell (September 8, 1826 – July 24, 1912) was an American author of the later nineteenth century. He is remembered mainly for his ''Sub-Coelum'' — "his best book...a Utopian protest against materialistic socialism." Russell was born in Ohio; his formal education ended with grammar school. At the age of sixteen he took a job as a printer for a newspaper; by nineteen he had worked his way up to editor and publisher of the Hillsboro, Ohio ''News''. He pursued a journalism career until he switched to politics and public service. He was made clerk of the Ohio Senate in 1850; he later represented Clinton County, Ohio in the Ohio House of Representatives in the 52nd General Assembly (1856–57) as a Republican, and was Ohio Secretary of State (1858–62). He was appointed Financial Agent for Ohio during the American Civil War, stationed in New York City. Smith 1898 : 76 He retired from public office in 1868 to pursue literature. He wrote seven books: * ''Hal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1893 In Literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1893. Events *January 14 – Kate Chopin's short stories "Désirée's Baby" and "A Visit to Avoyelles" appear in ''Vogue (magazine), Vogue'' magazine in the United States. *February/March – The 22-year-old Stephen Crane pays for publication of his first book, the Bowery novella ''Maggie: A Girl of the Streets'', under the pseudonym "Johnston Smith" in New York city, New York. Coming to be considered a pioneering example of American literary realism, the first trade edition (rewritten) comes out in 1896 in literature, 1896 after Crane has attained fame with ''The Red Badge of Courage''. *April 19 – Oscar Wilde's social comedy ''A Woman of No Importance'' receives its first performance at the Haymarket Theatre, London, with Herbert Beerbohm Tree, Mrs. Bernard Beere and Julia Neilson. *May 2 – Swedish dramatist August Strindberg, 44, begins a brief marriage with Austrian writer Frida Uhl, 21. *May ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Milltillionaire
''The Milltillionaire, or Age of Bardization'' is a work of utopian fiction written by Albert Waldo Howard, and published under the pseudonym "M. Auberré Hovorré." The book was one element in the major wave of utopian and dystopian literature that characterized the final decades of the nineteenth century. Date The first edition of the book, published in Boston, was undated. It is generally assigned to c. 1895; a second, slightly revised edition was also undated, but likely appeared c. 1898. Genre Writers of speculative fiction in the later 1800s (as at other times) varied in the approaches they took toward the nearer and farther future. Some novels took a short-term look ahead in time, from 25 years, as in Peck's '' The World a Department Store'', to a century or more (Brooks's ''Earth Revisited'', or Bellamy's ''Looking Backward''). Others took a longer look ahead, of even thousands of years (as with Macnie's ''The Diothas''). Howard similarly took a long though indefinite pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arqtiq
''Arqtiq: A Story of the Marvels at the North Pole'' is a feminist utopian adventure novel, published in 1899 by its author, Anna Adolph. The book was one element in the major wave of utopian and dystopian fiction that marked the later nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Genre ''Arqtiq'' participates in, bridges, and hybridizes several related literary genres and subgenres of its time. Some writers applied feminist viewpoints to utopian fiction; Elizabeth Corbett's ''New Amazonia'' is one pertinent example, among others. A number of late-nineteenth-century novels looked forward to the invention of the airplane, as Adolph's book does; these works can be classed, at least generally or peripherally, as science fiction. ''Arqtiq'' combines this "airplane fiction" with utopian feminism, as does Jones and Merchant's ''Unveiling a Parallel''. ''Arqtiq'' also partakes in the exotic subgenres of hollow Earth or subterranean fiction, and lost-world or lost-race fiction. Like Mary ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meccania
''Meccania: The Super-State'' is a dystopian novel by Owen Gregory, first published in 1918. Most of the book describes the fictional country of "Meccania," a nation in Central Europe with obvious resemblances to Germany:Alberto Manguel and Gianni Guadalupi, ''The Dictionary of Imaginary Places'', expanded edition, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1987; pp. 233-7. Meccania is surrounded by "Francaria" (France), "Luniland" (Britain),"Lugrabia" (Austria) and Idiotica (Russia). Meccania is a place where dissenters are sent to mental hospitals and concentration camps. The state maintains a eugenic breeding program, and commands its common citizens when to have children. All letters are censored, and all telephone conversations are monitored. All citizens wear the uniforms of their occupational classes. Among the very complex regulations of the Super-State are those regarding control of worker fatigue: if a given worker's calculated fatigue level is below average, he must work more hours un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Utopian Novels
A utopia ( ) typically describes an imaginary community or society that possesses highly desirable or nearly perfect qualities for its members. It was coined by Sir Thomas More for his 1516 book ''Utopia'', describing a fictional island society in the New World. However, it may also denote an intentional community. In common parlance, the word or its adjectival form may be used synonymously with "impossible", "far-fetched" or "deluded". Hypothetical utopias focus on—amongst other things—equality, in such categories as economics, government and justice, with the method and structure of proposed implementation varying based on ideology. Lyman Tower Sargent argues that the nature of a utopia is inherently contradictory because societies are not homogeneous and have desires which conflict and therefore cannot simultaneously be satisfied. To quote: The opposite of a utopia is a dystopia or cacotopia. Utopian and dystopian fiction has become a popular literary category. Despite bei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The World A Department Store
''The World a Department Store: A Story of Life Under a Coöperative System'' is a utopian novel written by Bradford C. Peck, and published by him in 1900. The book was one entrant in the wave of utopian and dystopian writing that occurred in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Moreover, Peck's book was one of the minority of utopian works of the time that was linked to an effort at practical application of its ideas. The Cooperative Bradford Peck (1853–1935) has been compared to King Gillette as a successful businessman of the Gilded Age who nonetheless advocated views that were, to some degree, anti-capitalist and pro-socialist. Peck followed the Horatio Alger pattern in American life, rising from want to commercial success; a native of Lewiston, Maine, he built the largest department store in the state in its time. In reaction to the chaotic business conditions of the Panic of 1893, Peck began to develop a commitment to the emerging cooperative movement. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Scarlet Empire
''The Scarlet Empire'' is a dystopian novel written by David MacLean Parry, a political satire first published in 1906. The book was one item in the major wave of utopian and dystopian literature that characterized the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Plot summary John Walker is a young American socialist, active and dedicated. Yet his personal poverty, and the slow progress of his cause, leave him despondent. In a fit of depression he decides on suicide by drowning: he hurls himself off "the long pier...called the Suicides' Promenade" at Coney Island. He loses consciousness—but is revived by a man in a strange diving suit; Walker at first mistakes him for a kind of fish/man. In fact, the man is a surgeon engaged in research; he explains to Walker that they are in Atlantis, at the bottom of the sea, and gives the American a cursory explanation of the nature of Atlantean society. (He cannot say much; Atlanteans are limited to a thousand words of speech per da ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anti-miscegenation Laws
Anti-miscegenation laws or miscegenation laws are laws that enforce racial segregation at the level of marriage and intimate relationships by criminalization, criminalizing interracial marriage and sometimes also sex between members of different Race (classification of humans), races. Anti-miscegenation laws were first introduced in North America from the late seventeenth century onwards by several of the Thirteen Colonies, and subsequently, by many U.S. states and U.S. territories and remained in force in many US states until 1967. After the Second World War, an increasing number of states repealed their anti-miscegenation laws. In 1967, in landmark case ''Loving v. Virginia'', the remaining anti-miscegenation laws were held to be unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of the United States, U.S. Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren. Similar laws were also enforced in Nazi Germany as part of the Nuremberg Laws which were passed in 1935, and in South Africa as part of the sy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jim Crow Laws
The Jim Crow laws were state and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States. Other areas of the United States were affected by formal and informal policies of segregation as well, but many states outside the South had adopted laws, beginning in the late 19th century, banning discrimination in public accommodations and voting. Southern laws were enacted in the late 19th and early 20th centuries by white Southern Democrat-dominated state legislatures to disenfranchise and remove political and economic gains made by African Americans during the Reconstruction era. Jim Crow laws were enforced until 1965. In practice, Jim Crow laws mandated racial segregation in all public facilities in the states of the former Confederate States of America and in some others, beginning in the 1870s. Jim Crow laws were upheld in 1896 in the case of ''Plessy vs. Ferguson'', in which the Supreme Court laid out its "separate but equal" legal doctrine concerning faciliti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Racism
Racism is the belief that groups of humans possess different behavioral traits corresponding to inherited attributes and can be divided based on the superiority of one race over another. It may also mean prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against other people because they are of a different race or ethnicity. Modern variants of racism are often based in social perceptions of biological differences between peoples. These views can take the form of social actions, practices or beliefs, or political systems in which different races are ranked as inherently superior or inferior to each other, based on presumed shared inheritable traits, abilities, or qualities. There have been attempts to legitimize racist beliefs through scientific means, such as scientific racism, which have been overwhelmingly shown to be unfounded. In terms of political systems (e.g. apartheid) that support the expression of prejudice or aversion in discriminatory practices or laws, racist ideology ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Dean Howells
William Dean Howells (; March 1, 1837 – May 11, 1920) was an American realist novelist, literary critic, and playwright, nicknamed "The Dean of American Letters". He was particularly known for his tenure as editor of ''The Atlantic Monthly'', as well as for his own prolific writings, including the Christmas story "Christmas Every Day" and the novels ''The Rise of Silas Lapham'' and '' A Traveler from Altruria''. Biography Early life and family William Dean Howells was born on March 1, 1837, in Martinsville, Ohio (now known as Martins Ferry, Ohio), to William Cooper Howells and Mary Dean Howells, the second of eight children. His father was a newspaper editor and printer who moved frequently around Ohio. In 1840, the family settled in Hamilton, Ohio,Lynn, 36 where his father oversaw a Whig newspaper and followed Swedenborgianism. Their nine years there were the longest period that they stayed in one place. The family had to live frugally, although the young Howells was encou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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