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Styrbjörn The Strong
Styrbjörn the Strong ( non, Styrbjǫrn Sterki ; died about 985) according to late Norse sagas was a son of the Swedish king Olof, and a nephew of Olof's co-ruler and successor Eric the Victorious, who defeated and killed Styrbjörn at the Battle of Fyrisvellir. As with many figures in the sagas, doubts have been cast on his existence, but he is mentioned in a roughly contemporaneous skaldic poem about the battle. According to legend, his original name was ''Björn'', and ''Styr-'', which was added when he had grown up, was an epithet meaning that he was restless, controversially forceful and violent. Prose retellings It is believed that there once was a full saga about Styrbjörn, but most of what is extant is found in the short ''Styrbjarnar þáttr Svíakappa''. Parts of his story are also retold in '' Eyrbyggja saga'', Saxo Grammaticus' ''Gesta Danorum'' (book 10), ''Knýtlinga saga'' and '' Hervarar saga''. He is also mentioned in the ''Heimskringla'' (several times), and in ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beorn The Strident And Strong
Beorn is a fictional character created by J. R. R. Tolkien, and part of his Middle-earth legendarium. He appears in ''The Hobbit'' as a " skin-changer", a man who could assume the form of a great black bear. His descendants or kinsmen, a group of Men known as the Beornings, dwell in the upper Vales of Anduin, between Mirkwood and the Misty Mountains, and are counted among the Free Peoples of Middle-earth who oppose Sauron's forces during the War of the Ring. Appearances ''The Hobbit'' Beorn lived in a wooden house on his pasture-lands between the Misty Mountains and Mirkwood, to the east of the Anduin. His household included an animal retinue (horses, dogs, sheep, and cows, among others); according to Gandalf, Beorn did not eat his cattle, nor hunt wild animals. He also grew large areas of clover for his bees. Gandalf believed that Beorn was either a descendant of the bears who had lived in the Misty Mountains before the arrival of the giants, or he was a descendant of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Knýtlinga Saga
''Knýtlinga saga'' (''The Saga of Cnut's Descendants'') is an Icelandic kings' saga written in the 1250s, which deals with the kings who ruled Denmark since the early 10th century.Ármann Jakobsson, "Royal biography", p. 397-8 There are good reasons to assume that the author was Óláfr Þórðarson (d. 1259), nicknamed ''hvítaskáld'' "the White Poet", who was a nephew of Snorri Sturluson. Óláfr is also known for having written the ''Third Grammatical Treatise''. He stayed with the Danish ruler Valdemar II of Denmark in 1240–1241, and Valdemar provided the saga's author with "a great deal of information" and "outstanding accounts".''Nationalencyklopedin'' The work is modelled on the ''Heimskringla'', Snorri's work on the Norwegian kings.Lönnroth, Ólason and Piltz, "Literature", in ''Cambridge History of Scandinavia'', vol 1, p. 503 Like Snorri, the author makes frequent use of skaldic poetry as documentary sources. The saga covers the history of the Danish rulers from t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jomsvikings
The Jomsvikings were purportedly a legendary order of Viking mercenaries or conquerors of the 10th and 11th centuries. Though reputed to be staunchly dedicated to the worship of the Old Norse gods, they would allegedly fight for any lord who could pay their substantial fees, even if they may be Christian. The institution of the Jomsvikings would itself foreshadow those of the later religious and chivalric orders of the Middle Ages. The legend of the Jomsvikings appears in some of the Icelandic sagas from the 12th and 13th centuries. According to the sagas (particularly the ''Jómsvíkinga saga'', ''King Olaf Tryggvasson’s Saga'', and stories found in the Flatey Book), their stronghold of Jomsborg was located on the southern shore of the Baltic Sea, but its exact location has been disputed by modern historians and archeologists. Jomsborg is also thought by some researchers to be identical with Jumne, Julin and Vineta, which are mentioned in both Danish and German records from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mark (currency)
The mark was a currency or unit of account in many states. It is named for the mark unit of weight. The word ''mark'' comes from a merging of three Teutonic/ Germanic words, Latinised in 9th-century post-classical Latin as ', ', ' or '. It was a measure of weight mainly for gold and silver, commonly used throughout Europe and often equivalent to . Considerable variations, however, occurred throughout the Middle Ages. As of 2022, the only circulating currency named "mark" is the Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark. List of currencies named "mark" or similar "Mark" can refer * to one of the following historical German currencies: ** Since the 11th century: the , used in the Electorate of Cologne; ** 1319: the , minted and used by the North German Hanseatic city of Stralsund and various towns in Pomerania; ** 1502: the , a uniform coinage for the ''Wends'' () Hanseatic cities of Lübeck, Hamburg, Wismar, Lüneburg, Rostock, Stralsund, Anklam, among others, who joined th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Þórvaldr Hjaltason
Þórvaldr Hjaltason (Old Norse: ; Modern Icelandic: ) was a late 10th-century Icelandic skald in the service of the Swedish king Eric the Victorious. He is listed in ''Skáldatal'' as in Eric's service. ''Styrbjarnar þáttr Svíakappa'' recounts that he took part in the Battle of the Fýrisvellir against Styrbjörn the Strong and in response to the king's call for verses commemorating the victory, composed in ''dróttkvætt'' the following two '' lausavísur'': These are the only verses attributed to him; the tale says that he received a ring worth half a mark for each verse, and that he is not known to have composed any other verses, either before or after. He may have brought the news of the battle back to Iceland. He may be the same person as the Þorvaldr Hjaltason who is mentioned with his brother Þórðr in '' Landnamabók'' and a number of Sagas of Icelanders, but that Þorvaldr is not said to be a skald.Diana Whaley"Þorvaldr Hjaltason" Skaldic Poetry of the Scand ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jutes
The Jutes (), Iuti, or Iutæ ( da, Jyder, non, Jótar, ang, Ēotas) were one of the Germanic tribes who settled in Great Britain after the departure of the Romans. According to Bede, they were one of the three most powerful Germanic nations, along with the Angles and the Saxons: There is no consensus amongst historians of the origins on the Jutes. However, there is some archaeological evidence to support a theory that they originated from the eponymous Jutland Peninsula (then called ''Iutum'' in Latin) and to have populated parts of the North Frisian coast. Based on contemporary sources, it appears that they were a tribe of admixed Gutones, Cimbri, Teutons and Charudes, also called ''Eudoses'', ''Eotenas'', ''Iutae'' and ''Euthiones''. The Jutes invaded and settled in southern Britain in the later fifth century during the Migration Period, as part of a larger wave of Germanic settlement into Britain. Settlement in southern Britain During the period after the Ro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lausavísa
In Old Norse poetry and later Icelandic poetry, a ''lausavísa'' (pl. ''lausavísur'') is a single stanza composition, or a set of stanzas unconnected by narrative or thematic continuity. Lausavísur are often introduced in the text of sagas is a series of science fantasy role-playing video games by Square Enix. The series originated on the Game Boy in 1989 as the creation of Akitoshi Kawazu at Square. It has since continued across multiple platforms, from the Super NES to the Play ... with the phrase ''þá kvað'' (then said). References Carmina Scaldica External links * Skaldic Poetry Project Anonymous lausavísa from ''Ágrip af Nóregskonunga sǫgum'' Skaldic poetry {{poetry-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frans G Bengtsson
Frans Gunnar Bengtsson (4 October 1894 – 19 December 1954) was a Swedish novelist, essayist, poet and biographer. He was born in Tåssjö (now in Ängelholm Municipality) in Skåne and died at Ribbingsfors Manor in northern Västergötland. Literary career Bengtsson began as a poet, with his debut work ''Tärningkast'' (Throwing Dice) published in 1923. In 1929 he published an essay collection titled ''Litteratörer och Militärer'' (Writers and Warriors) with contributions on François Villon François Villon (Modern French: , ; – after 1463) is the best known French poet of the Late Middle Ages. He was involved in criminal behavior and had multiple encounters with law enforcement authorities. Villon wrote about some of these ex ..., Walter Scott, Joseph Conrad, and Stonewall Jackson. His essays mainly dealt with literary and historical subjects. A selection was translated into English in 1950 and published as ''A Walk to an Ant Hill and Other Essays''. His biogr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Long Ships
''The Long Ships'' or ''Red Orm'' (original Swedish: ''Röde Orm'' meaning ''Red Serpent'' or ''Red Snake'') is an adventure novel by the Swedish writer Frans G. Bengtsson. The narrative is set in the late 10th century and follows the adventures of the Viking Röde Orm - called "Red" for his hair and his temper, a native of Scania. The book portrays the political situation of Europe in the later Viking Age, Andalusia under Almansur, Denmark under Harald Bluetooth, followed by the struggle between Eric the Victorious and Sven Forkbeard, Ireland under Brian Boru, England under Ethelred the Unready, and the Battle of Maldon, and then the Byzantine Empire and its Varangian Guard, Kievan Rus and its neighbors the Patzinaks - all before the backdrop of the gradual Christianization of Scandinavia, contrasting the pragmatic Norse pagan outlook with the exclusiveness of Islam and Christianity. The novel is divided into two parts, published in 1941 and 1945, with two books each. It u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Óláfs Saga Tryggvasonar (Oddr Snorrason)
''Óláfs saga Tryggvasonar'' is the name of several kings' sagas on the life of Óláfr Tryggvason, a 10th-century Norwegian king. Latin lives of Óláfr Tryggvason were written by Oddr Snorrason and by Gunnlaugr Leifsson; both are now lost, but are thought to have formed the basis of Old Norse sagas on his life including in the collection of texts referred to as ''Heimskringla'' by scholars. The longest is ''Óláfs saga Tryggvasonar en mesta'' (The Greatest Saga of Óláfr Tryggvason), found in the ''Flateyjarbók'', ''Bergsbók'', and other manuscripts. Latin Oddr Snorrason An account of Óláfr's life was written in Latin in the 12th century by the Benedictine monk Oddr Snorrason. It is considered to be the first full-length Icelandic saga. Oddr made use of previous written works including those of Sæmundr fróði and Ari Þorgilsson as well as ''Acta sanctorum in Selio'' and possibly ''Historia de Antiquitate Regum Norwagiensium''. His original work has been lost, but a tran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oddr Snorrason
Oddr Snorrason whose name is also sometimes Anglicized as Odd Snorrason was a 12th-century Icelandic Benedictine monk at the Þingeyraklaustur monastery (''Þingeyrarklaustur''). The monastery was founded in 1133 and was the first in Iceland. Work One latin version of the ''Óláfs saga Tryggvasonar'' is attributed to Oddr - the original work has been almost completely lost but a translation into Old Norse is preserved in two nearly complete versions and a fragment of a third. Oddr made use of previous written works including those of Sæmundr fróði and Ari Þorgilsson as well as ''Acta sanctorum in Selio'' and possibly '' Historia de Antiquitate Regum Norwagiensium''. In turn Snorri Sturluson made use of Oddr's work when writing the ''Heimskringla'', as did the author of ''Óláfs saga Tryggvasonar en mesta ''Óláfs saga Tryggvasonar en mesta'' or ''The Greatest Saga of Óláfr Tryggvason'' is generically a hybrid of different types of sagas and compiled from various sources i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ingvar The Far-Travelled
Ingvar the Far-Travelled (Old Norse: ''Yngvarr víðförli'', Swedish: ''Ingvar Vittfarne'') was a Swedish Viking who led an expedition that fought in Georgia. The Rus' undertook several Caspian expeditions in the course of the 10th century. The '' Yngvars saga víðförla'' describes the last Viking campaign in the Caspian in 1041, embellishing the historical facts with a great deal of legend. The expedition probably aimed to reopen old trade-routes after the Volga Bulgars and the Khazars no longer proved obstacles. Ingvar the Far-Travelled launched this expedition from Sweden, travelling down the Volga River into the land of the Saracens (Serkland). While there, the Vikings apparently took part in the 1042 Battle of Sasireti between the Georgians and Byzantines in Georgia. No less than twenty-six Ingvar runestones – twenty-four of them in the Lake Mälaren region of Uppland in Sweden – refer to Swedish warriors who went out with Ingvar on his expedition to the Saracen land ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
