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Stoglav
The ''Book of One Hundred Chapters'', also called ''Stoglav'' (''Стоглав'') in Russian ("Hundred chapters"), is a collection of decisions of the Russian church council of 1551 that regulated the canon law and ecclesiastical life in the Tsardom of Russia, especially the everyday life of the Russian clergy. The book is shaped in the form of answers to some 100 questions posed by Ivan IV of Russia. A constant theme running through the chapters is the Byzantine ''symphonia'' (harmony) between the ' priesthood' and the 'kingdom'. The ''Book of Hundred Chapters'' canonized the native Muscovite rituals and practices at the expense of those accepted in Greece and other Eastern Orthodox countries. As a result this church code was never accepted by the Russian monks residing on Mount Athos. In the mid-17th century, the Old Believers championed the ''Stoglav'' in order to undermine Patriarch Nikon's authority and his ecclesiastical reforms. The Great Moscow Synod of 1667 condemned ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stoglavy Council
The Stoglav Synod (russian: Стоглавый Собор; also translated as ''Hundred Chapter Synod'' or ''Council of a Hundred Chapters'') was a church council (''sobor'') held in Moscow in 1551, with the participation of Tsar Ivan IV, Metropolitan Macarius, and representatives of the Boyar Duma. It convened in January and February 1551, with some final sessions as late as May of that year. Its decrees are known as the ''Stoglav''. In 1551, the Tsar summoned a synod of the Russian Church to discuss the ritual practices that had grown up in Russia which did not conform with those of the Greek Church. The decrees issued by the Synod, known as the Stoglav, rule that they were all correct. This unilaterial decision shocked many of the Orthodox. The monks of Athos protested and the Russian monks there regarded the decisions of the synods as invalid. Decisions The Stoglav Synod was called under the government’s initiative which aspired to support the church in struggle again ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stoglav (title)
The ''Book of One Hundred Chapters'', also called ''Stoglav'' (''Стоглав'') in Russian ("Hundred chapters"), is a collection of decisions of the Russian church council of 1551 that regulated the canon law and ecclesiastical life in the Tsardom of Russia, especially the everyday life of the Russian clergy. The book is shaped in the form of answers to some 100 questions posed by Ivan IV of Russia. A constant theme running through the chapters is the Byzantine ''symphonia'' (harmony) between the ' priesthood' and the 'kingdom'. The ''Book of Hundred Chapters'' canonized the native Muscovite rituals and practices at the expense of those accepted in Greece and other Eastern Orthodox countries. As a result this church code was never accepted by the Russian monks residing on Mount Athos. In the mid-17th century, the Old Believers championed the ''Stoglav'' in order to undermine Patriarch Nikon's authority and his ecclesiastical reforms. The Great Moscow Synod of 1667 condemned t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Old Believers
Old Believers or Old Ritualists, ''starovery'' or ''staroobryadtsy'' are Eastern Orthodox Christians who maintain the liturgical and ritual practices of the Russian Orthodox Church as they were before the reforms of Patriarch Nikon of Moscow between 1652 and 1666. Resisting the accommodation of Russian piety to the contemporary forms of Greek Orthodox worship, these Christians were anathematized, together with their ritual, in a Synod of 1666–67, producing a division in Eastern Europe between the Old Believers and those who followed the state church in its condemnation of the Old Rite. Russian speakers refer to the schism itself as ''raskol'' (), etymologically indicating a "cleaving-apart". Introduction In 1652, Patriarch Nikon (1605–1681; patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church from 1652 to 1658) introduced a number of ritual and textual revisions with the aim of achieving uniformity between the practices of the Russian and Greek Orthodox churches. Nikon, having notice ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1551 Books
Year 1551 (Roman numerals, MDLI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * January–February – Macarius, Metropolitan of Moscow, and Tsar Ivan IV of Russia preside over the reforming Stoglavy Synod ("Hundred-Chapter") church council. A calendar of the saints and an ecclesiastical law code (''Stoglav'') are introduced. * January 11 – Ketumati, Burma, is conquered by Bayinnaung. * May 1 – The Council of Trent reconvenes by order of Pope Julius III. * May 12 – The National University of San Marcos is founded in Lima (Peru), being the first officially established university in the Americas. July–December * By July – Fifth and last outbreak of sweating sickness in Kingdom of England, England. John Caius of Shrewsbury writes the first full contemporary account of the symptoms of the disease. * July – Invasion of Gozo (1551), Invasion of Gozo: O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1551 In Russia
Year 1551 ( MDLI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * January–February – Macarius, Metropolitan of Moscow, and Tsar Ivan IV of Russia preside over the reforming Stoglavy Synod ("Hundred-Chapter") church council. A calendar of the saints and an ecclesiastical law code ('' Stoglav'') are introduced. * January 11 – Ketumati, Burma, is conquered by Bayinnaung. * May 1 – The Council of Trent reconvenes by order of Pope Julius III. * May 12 – The National University of San Marcos is founded in Lima (Peru), being the first officially established university in the Americas. July–December * By July – Fifth and last outbreak of sweating sickness in England. John Caius of Shrewsbury writes the first full contemporary account of the symptoms of the disease. * July – Invasion of Gozo (1551), Invasion of Gozo: Ottoman Turks and Barbary pirates ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great Moscow Synod
The Great Moscow Synod () was a Pan-Orthodox synod convened by Tsar Alexis of Russia in Moscow in April 1666 in order to depose Patriarch Nikon of Moscow. The council condemned the famous Stoglav of 1551 as heretical, because it had dogmatized the Russian church's rituals and usage at the expense of those accepted in Greece and other Eastern Orthodox countries. This decision precipitated a great schism of the Russian Orthodox Church known as the Raskol. Avvakum and other leading Old Believers were brought to the synod from their prisons. Since they refused to revise their views, the Old Believer priests were defrocked, anathemized and sentenced to life imprisonment in distant monasteries.Paul Meyendorff. ''Russia, Ritual, and Reform: The Liturgical Reforms of Nikon in the 17th Century''. . Pages 66-68. One of the decisions in the synod was a specific ban on a number of depictions of God the Father and the Holy Spirit, which then also resulted in a whole range of other icons b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of The Russian Orthodox Church
The Russian Orthodox Church is traditionally said to have been founded by Andrew the Apostle, who is thought to have visited Scythia and Greek colonies along the northern coast of the Black Sea. According to one of the legends, St. Andrew reached the future location of Kiev and foretold the foundation of a great Christian city. The spot where he reportedly erected a cross is now marked by St. Andrew's Cathedral. Christianization of the Rus The Church of Constantinople's greatest mission outreach was to a medieval state known as Kievan Rus whose territories are now within Belarus, Ukraine, and Russia. Christianity was introduced into Kievan Rus by Greek missionaries from the Byzantine Empire in the 9th century. In 863–869, Saint Cyril and Saint Methodius translated parts of the Bible into the Old Church Slavonic language for the first time, paving the way for the Christianization of the Slavs. There is evidence that the first Christian bishop was sent to Novgorod from Constant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Symphonia (theology)
Symphonia ( el, συμφωνία 'accord') is a normative theory or concept in Eastern Orthodox Christian theological and political thought, especially within the Eastern Roman and Russian Empires, which posits that church and state are to complement each other, exhibiting mutual respect with neither institution presuming to dominate the other. The theory can be traced back to the policy of Roman Emperor Constantine I (r. 324–337). Emperor Justinian I (r. 527–565) expressed this position when he said: "A distinction is drawn between the imperial authority and the priesthood, the former being concerned with human affairs and the latter with things divine; the two are regarded as closely interdependent, but, at least in theory, neither is subordinated to the other." Such a position is scripturally based as evidenced in several Old Testament texts; the most notable references being that of Melchizedek the priest-king and the brotherly relationship between Aaron, the high priest, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canon Law Of The Eastern Orthodox Church
The canon law of the Eastern Orthodox Church consists of the ecclesiastical regulations recognised by the authorities of the Eastern Orthodox Church, together with the discipline, study, and practice of Eastern Orthodox jurisprudence. In the Eastern Orthodox Church, canon law is a behavioural standard that aims to apply dogma to practical situations in the daily life of Eastern Orthodox Christians. Unlike the canon law of the Roman Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox canon law is corrective rather than prescriptive, which means it is formulated in response to certain questions, challenges, or situations. Eastern Orthodox canon law is the formalised part of the divine law, and ultimately aims to promote the "spiritual perfection" of church members. The canon law of the Eastern Orthodox Church is uncodified; its corpus has never been organised or harmonised into a formal code of ecclesiastical law. Consequently, some canons of Eastern Orthodoxy contradict each other, such as th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ivan IV Of Russia
Ivan IV Vasilyevich (russian: Ива́н Васи́льевич; 25 August 1530 – ), commonly known in English as Ivan the Terrible, was the grand prince of Moscow from 1533 to 1547 and the first Tsar of all Russia from 1547 to 1584. Ivan was the son of Vasili III, the Rurikid ruler of the Grand Duchy of Moscow. He was appointed grand prince after his father's death, when he was three years old. A group of reformers known as the "Chosen Council" united around the young Ivan, declaring him tsar (emperor) of all Rus' in 1547 at the age of 16 and establishing the Tsardom of Russia with Moscow as the predominant state. Ivan's reign was characterised by Russia's transformation from a medieval state to an empire under the tsar but at an immense cost to its people and its broader, long-term economy. During his youth, he conquered the khanates of Kazan and Astrakhan. After he had consolidated his power, Ivan rid himself of the advisers from the "Chosen Council" and triggered the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raskol
The Schism of the Russian Church, also known as Raskol (russian: раскол, , meaning "split" or " schism"), was the splitting of the Russian Orthodox Church into an official church and the Old Believers movement in the mid-17th century. It was triggered by the reforms of Patriarch Nikon in 1653, which aimed to establish uniformity between Greek and Russian church practices. Church reforms and reaction to them The members of an influential circle called the Zealots of Piety (Russian: Кружок ревнителей благочестия, ''Kruzhok revnitelei blagochestiya'') stood for purification of Russian Orthodox faith. They strove to reform Muscovite society, bringing it into closer accordance with Christian values and to improve church practices. As a consequence, they also were engaged in the removal of alternative versions and correction of divine service books. The most influential members of this circle were Archpriests Avvakum, Ivan Neronov, Stephan Vonifa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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