Stanca Act
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Stanca Act
The Stanca Act is an Italian law of 2004 that promotes accessibility of information technology. The law also applies to Italian government websites. History The name of this law refers to its proponent, Lucio Stanca, Minister of Innovations during the second cabinet of Berlusconi. The law was unanimously approved by Parliament, was published in the Italian Gazzetta Ufficiale of 17 January 2004, and became operational after more than a year. On 16 September 2013 an update of this law was published in the Gazzetta Ufficiale. The update aligns the law with W3C WCAG 2.0 standards. External links * ThStanca Act(English Version). Mauve an accessibility validator developed bHIIS Lab– ISTI of CNR of Pisa Pisa ( , or ) is a city and ''comune'' in Tuscany, central Italy, straddling the Arno just before it empties into the Ligurian Sea. It is the capital city of the Province of Pisa. Although Pisa is known worldwide for its leaning tower, the cit ... (Italy). Law of Italy Acc ...
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Web Accessibility
Web accessibility, or eAccessibility,European CommissionCommunication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament and the , European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: eAccessibility, [SEC(2005)1095], published 13 September 2005, accessed 19 November 2021 is the inclusion (disability rights), inclusive practice of ensuring there are no barriers that prevent interaction with, or access to, websites on the World Wide Web by people with physical disabilities, situational disabilities, and socio-economic restrictions on bandwidth and speed. When sites are correctly designed, developed and edited, more users have equal access to information and functionality. For example, when a site is coded with semantically meaningful HTML, with textual equivalents provided for images and with links named meaningfully, this helps blind users using text-to-speech software and/or text-to-Braille hardware. When text and images are large and/or enlargeable, i ...
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Lucio Stanca
Lucio Stanca (born 20 October 1941, in Lucera) is an Italian politician. He was Minister for Innovation and Technologies in the second and third Berlusconi cabinet, and later CEO of the Expo 2015 SpA. Career Lucio Stanca was Executive Chairman of IBM Europe, Middle East and Africa until his retirement in 2001. In the same year he was elected as Deputy of the Italian Parliament and became Minister of Innovation and Technology for the government of Italy till 2006. From 2008 to March 2013 he was a Senator of the Italian Parliament. He also was president and chief executive officer of Expo 2015 Spa from 2009 to 2010. From 1994 to 2006 a director of Bocconi University Bocconi University ( it, Università Commerciale Luigi Bocconi, ) is a private university in Milan, Italy. Bocconi provides education in the fields of economics, finance, law, management, political science, public administration and comput ... in Milan. He is also known for giving its name to the S ...
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Berlusconi II Cabinet
The second Berlusconi government was the 57th government of the Italian Republic and the first government of the XIV Legislature. It took office following the 2001 Italian general election, 2001 elections, and held office from 11 June 2001 until 23 April 2005, a total of 1,412 days, or 3 years, 10 months and 12 days. It held office for the longest period in the history of the Republic, and for the second longest period in the history of unified Italy since 1861 (outlasted only by the Mussolini government). During its long tenure, its composition changed significantly. Following the poor performance of the centrist parties in the Italian regional elections of 2005, most of the ministers of the Union of Christian and Centre Democrats and the New Italian Socialist Party, New PSI resigned from the government, which was succeeded by the third Berlusconi government. Formation In 2001 Berlusconi again ran as leader of the centre-right coalition House of Freedoms ( it, La Casa delle Liber ...
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Italian Parliament
The Italian Parliament ( it, Parlamento italiano) is the national parliament of the Italian Republic. It is the representative body of Italian citizens and is the successor to the Parliament of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1943), the transitional National Council (1945–1946) and the Constituent Assembly (1946–1948). It is a bicameral legislature with 600 elected members and a small number of unelected members (''senatori a vita''). The Italian Parliament is composed of the Chamber of Deputies (with 400 members or ''deputati'' elected on a national basis), as well as the Senate of the Republic (with 200 members or ''senatori'' elected on a regional basis, plus a small number of senators for life or ''senatori a vita'', either appointed by the President of the Republic or former Presidents themselves, ''ex officio''). The two Houses are independent from one another and never meet jointly except under circumstances specified by the Constitution of Italy. By the Constitution, t ...
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Gazzetta Ufficiale
The ''Gazzetta Ufficiale della Repubblica Italiana'' (Italian, ) is the official journal of record of the Italian government. It is published by the Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato in Rome. Function The ''Gazzetta Ufficiale'' promulgates acts of the Italian Parliament (comprising the Senate of the Republic and Chamber of Deputies) and Decrees of the President of the Republic. On publication, legislation begins a brief period (usually 15 days) known as ''vacatio legis'', allowing for it to become widely known before taking legal effect. Part I comprises the General Series, published every weekday, together with the following special editions: Part II, containing all other notices, is published on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays. The 5th Special Series has been published since 3 January 2007, bringing together listings published, until 31 December 2006, in Part II under Announcements and Auction Notices. The ''Gazzetta Ufficiale'' was formerly available for free on ...
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WCAG
The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) are part of a series of web accessibility guidelines published by the Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), the main international standards organization for the Internet. They are a set of recommendations for making Web content more accessible, primarily for people with disabilities—but also for all user agents, including highly limited devices, such as mobile phones. WCAG 2.0, were published in December 2008 and became an ISO standard, ISO/IEC 40500:2012 in October 2012. WCAG 2.1 became a W3C Recommendation in June 2018. __TOC__ History Earlier guidelines (1995–1998) The first web accessibility guideline was compiled by Gregg Vanderheiden and released in January 1995, just after the 1994 Second International Conference on the World-Wide Web (WWW II) in Chicago (where Tim Berners-Lee first mentioned disability access in a keynote speech after seeing a pre-conference workshop on acces ...
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National Research Council Of Italy
The National Research Council (Italian: ''Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, CNR'') is the largest research council in Italy. As a public organisation, its remit is to support scientific and technological research. Its headquarters are in Rome. History The institution was founded in 1923. The first president was Vito Volterra, succeeded by Guglielmo Marconi. The process of improvement of the national scientific research, through the use of specific laws, (see Law 59/1997), affects many research organisations, and amongst them is CNR, whose "primary function is to carry on, through its own organs, advanced basic and applied research, both to develop and maintain its own scientific competitiveness, and to be ready to take part effectively in a timely manner in the strategic fields defined by the national planning system". On 23 December 1987, CNR registered the first Italian internet domain: cnr.it Reorganisation With the issuing of the legislative decree of 30 January 1999, n. ...
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Pisa
Pisa ( , or ) is a city and ''comune'' in Tuscany, central Italy, straddling the Arno just before it empties into the Ligurian Sea. It is the capital city of the Province of Pisa. Although Pisa is known worldwide for its leaning tower, the city contains more than twenty other historic churches, several medieval palaces, and bridges across the Arno. Much of the city's architecture was financed from its history as one of the Italian maritime republics. The city is also home to the University of Pisa, which has a history going back to the 12th century, the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, founded by Napoleon in 1810, and its offshoot, the Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies.Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna di Pisa
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Law Of Italy
Law is a set of rules that are created and are enforceable by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior,Robertson, ''Crimes against humanity'', 90. with its precise definition a matter of longstanding debate. It has been variously described as a science and as the art of justice. State-enforced laws can be made by a group legislature or by a single legislator, resulting in statutes; by the executive through decrees and regulations; or established by judges through precedent, usually in common law jurisdictions. Private individuals may create legally binding contracts, including arbitration agreements that adopt alternative ways of resolving disputes to standard court litigation. The creation of laws themselves may be influenced by a constitution, written or tacit, and the rights encoded therein. The law shapes politics, economics, history and society in various ways and serves as a mediator of relations between people. Legal systems vary between jurisdictions, ...
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Accessible Information
Holevo's theorem is an important limitative theorem in quantum computing, an interdisciplinary field of physics and computer science. It is sometimes called Holevo's bound, since it establishes an upper bound to the amount of information that can be known about a quantum state (accessible information). It was published by Alexander Holevo in 1973. Accessible information As for several concepts in quantum information theory, accessible information is best understood in terms of a 2-party communication. So we introduce two parties, Alice and Bob. Alice has a ''classical'' random variable ''X'', which can take the values with corresponding probabilities . Alice then prepares a quantum state, represented by the density matrix ''ρX'' chosen from a set , and gives this state to Bob. Bob's goal is to find the value of ''X'', and in order to do that, he performs a measurement on the state ''ρ''''X'', obtaining a classical outcome, which we denote with ''Y''. In this context, the amount ...
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