Spruce Gall Midge

	Spruce Gall Midge ''Mayetiola piceae'', the spruce gall midge, is a species of gall-forming flies in the Cecidomyiidae family. An outbreak of spruce gall midge occurred in northern Alberta and adjacent areas in the Northwest Territories in 1992 (Brandt 2000).Brandt, J.P. 2000. A sequential sampling plan for classification of damage caused by spruce gall midge (''Mayetiola piceae'' [Felt]). Nat. Resour. Can., Can. For. Serv., Edmonton AB, For. Manage. Note 65. 7 p. The infestation was widespread in white spruce stands, with 84% of surveyed sites infested and twig mortality as high as 81% among current-year shoots. Earlier, Rose and Lindquist (1985)Rose, A.H.; Lindquist, O.H. 1985. Insects of eastern spruces, fir and, hemlock, revised edition. Gov’t Can., Can. For. Serv., Ottawa, For. Tech. Rep. 23. 159 p. (cited in Coates et al. 1994, cited orig ed 1977) had noted that severe injury to spruce is unusual, and had been recorded only from a number of locations in Yukon Territory. Levels of damage in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Gall Galls (from the Latin , 'oak-apple') or ''cecidia'' (from the Greek , anything gushing out) are a kind of swelling growth on the external tissues of plants, fungi, or animals. Plant galls are abnormal outgrowths of plant tissues, similar to benign tumors or warts in animals. They can be caused by various parasites, from viruses, fungi and bacteria, to other plants, insects and mites. Plant galls are often highly organized structures so that the cause of the gall can often be determined without the actual agent being identified. This applies particularly to some insect and mite plant galls. The study of plant galls is known as cecidology. In human pathology, a gall is a raised sore on the skin, usually caused by chafing or rubbing. Causes of plant galls Insects and mites Insect galls are the highly distinctive plant structures formed by some herbivorous insects as their own microhabitats. They are plant tissue which is controlled by the insect. Galls act as both the habitat a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Cecidomyiidae Cecidomyiidae is a family of flies known as gall midges or gall gnats. As the name implies, the larvae of most gall midges feed within plant tissue, creating abnormal plant growths called galls. Cecidomyiidae are very fragile small insects usually only in length; many are less than long. They are characterised by hairy wings, unusual in the order Diptera, and have long antennae. Some Cecidomyiids are also known for the strange phenomenon of paedogenesis in which the larval stage reproduces without maturing first. In some species, the daughter larvae consume the mother, while in others, reproduction occurs later on in the egg or pupa. More than 6,650 species and 830 genera are described worldwide, though this is certainly an underestimate of the actual diversity of this family. A DNA barcoding study published in 2016 estimated the fauna of Canada alone to be in excess of 16,000 species, hinting at a staggering global count of over 1 million cecidomyiid species that have yet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	White Spruce White spruce is a common name for several species of spruce (''Picea'') and may refer to: * ''Picea glauca'', native to most of Canada and Alaska with limited populations in the northeastern United States * ''Picea engelmannii'', native to the Rocky Mountains and Cascade Mountains of the United States and Canada * ''Picea pungens The blue spruce (''Picea pungens''), also commonly known as green spruce, Colorado spruce, or Colorado blue spruce, is a species of spruce tree. It is native to North America, and is found in USDA growing zones 1 through 7. It is found naturally ... '', native to the central and southern Rocky Mountains of the United States {{plant common name ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Larva A larva (; plural larvae ) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle. The larva's appearance is generally very different from the adult form (''e.g.'' caterpillars and butterflies) including different unique structures and organs that do not occur in the adult form. Their diet may also be considerably different. Larvae are frequently adapted to different environments than adults. For example, some larvae such as tadpoles live almost exclusively in aquatic environments, but can live outside water as adult frogs. By living in a distinct environment, larvae may be given shelter from predators and reduce competition for resources with the adult population. Animals in the larval stage will consume food to fuel their transition into the adult form. In some organisms like polychaetes and barnacles, adults are immobil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Pupa A pupa ( la, pupa, "doll"; plural: ''pupae'') is the life stage of some insects undergoing transformation between immature and mature stages. Insects that go through a pupal stage are holometabolous: they go through four distinct stages in their life cycle, the stages thereof being egg, larva, pupa, and imago. The processes of entering and completing the pupal stage are controlled by the insect's hormones, especially juvenile hormone, prothoracicotropic hormone, and ecdysone. The act of becoming a pupa is called pupation, and the act of emerging from the pupal case is called eclosion or emergence. The pupae of different groups of insects have different names such as ''chrysalis'' for the pupae of butterflies and ''tumbler'' for those of the mosquito family. Pupae may further be enclosed in other structures such as cocoons, nests, or shells. Position in life cycle The pupal stage follows the larval stage and precedes adulthood (''imago'') in insects with complete metamorphosi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Cecidomyiinae The Cecidomyiinae are a subfamily of flies often called gall midges or gall gnats. This subfamily is best known for its members that induce galls on plants, but there are also many species that are fungivorous, parasitoids, or predacious as maggots. Systematics Cecidomyiinae - supertribes, tribes, and genera: Supertribe Asphondyliidi Tribe Asphondyliini ''Asphondylia'' Loew, 1850 Tribe Kiefferiini *'' Kiefferia'' Mik, 1895 Tribe Polystephini *''Polystepha'' Kieffer, 1897 Tribe Schizomyiini *'' Placochela'' Rübsaamen, 1916 ''Schizomyia'' Kieffer, 1889 Supertribe Cecidomyiidi Tribe Anadiplosini Tribe Aphidoletini Tribe Cecidomyiini '' Acodiplosis'' Kieffer, 1895 '' Ametrodiplosis'' Rübsaamen, 1910 ''Anabremia'' Kieffer, 1912 '' Anisostephus'' Rübsaamen, 1917 '' Antichiridium'' Rübsaamen, 1911 '' Aphidoletes'' Kieffer, 1904 '' Arthrocnodax'' Rübsaamen, 1895 '' Atrichosema'' Kieffer, 1904 '' Blastodiplosis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]