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Splanchnonema Platani
''Splanchnonema platani'' is a fungus in the genus ''Splanchnonema''. It was formerly known under the name ''Massaria platani''. The anamorph of the fungus is known as ''Macrodiplodiopsis desmazieresii''. The fungus has caused serious damage to plane trees across Europe. Massaria disease The disease, commonly known as Massaria disease, infects branches of plane trees. The fungus has usually been considered to be a weak parasite causing only minor damage such as twig dieback in warmer Mediterranean climates. However, in the 21st century it has been found associated with branch death and rapid decay within other parts of Europe, most notably Germany and Austria, the Netherlands, and parts of France. Damage caused by this fungus has been reported in the southern United States. The first formal identification of the disease in the United Kingdom came in March 2011. The disease seems to be specific to the London plane, the Oriental plane ''Platanus orientalis'', the Old World syca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungi
A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which by one traditional classification include Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the ''Eumycota'' (''t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascomycota
Ascomycota is a phylum of the kingdom Fungi that, together with the Basidiomycota, forms the subkingdom Dikarya. Its members are commonly known as the sac fungi or ascomycetes. It is the largest phylum of Fungi, with over 64,000 species. The defining feature of this fungal group is the " ascus" (), a microscopic sexual structure in which nonmotile spores, called ascospores, are formed. However, some species of the Ascomycota are asexual, meaning that they do not have a sexual cycle and thus do not form asci or ascospores. Familiar examples of sac fungi include morels, truffles, brewers' and bakers' yeast, dead man's fingers, and cup fungi. The fungal symbionts in the majority of lichens (loosely termed "ascolichens") such as ''Cladonia'' belong to the Ascomycota. Ascomycota is a monophyletic group (it contains all descendants of one common ancestor). Previously placed in the Deuteromycota along with asexual species from other fungal taxa, asexual (or anamorphic) ascomyce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dothideomycetes
Dothideomycetes is the largest and most diverse class of ascomycete fungi. It comprises 11 orders 90 families, 1300 genera and over 19,000 known species. Traditionally, most of its members were included in the loculoascomycetes, which is not part of the currently accepted classification. This indicates that several traditional morphological features in the class are not unique and DNA sequence comparisons are important to define the class. The designation loculoascomycetes was first proposed for all fungi which have ascolocular development. This type of development refers to the way in which the sexual structure, bearing the sexual spores (ascospores) forms. Dothideomycetes mostly produce flask-like structures referred to as pseudothecia, although other shape variations do exist (e.g. see structures found in Hysteriales). During ascolocular development pockets (locules) form first within the vegetative cells of the fungus and then all the subsequent structures form. These includ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pleosporomycetidae
Pleosporomycetidae is a subclass of Dothideomycetes consisting of four orders: Pleosporales, Hysteriales, Mytilinidiales, and Jahnulales. One of its defining features is the presence of pseudoparaphyses.Eriksson OE, 1981. The families of bitunicate ascomycetes. Opera Botanica 60, 1-220. These are sterile cells extending down from the upper portion of the cavity inside sexual structures containing the sac-like asci with sexually produced spores (ascospores). Pseudoparaphyses are initially attached at both their ends, but sometimes the upper part may become free. Some orders and families where these cells are present remain outside the subclass since DNA based phylogenies A phylogenetic tree (also phylogeny or evolutionary tree Felsenstein J. (2004). ''Inferring Phylogenies'' Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, MA.) is a branching diagram or a tree showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological spec ... cannot place them with confidence. However they could concei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pleosporales
The Pleosporales is the largest order in the fungal class Dothideomycetes. By a 2008 estimate it contains 23 families, 332 genera and more than 4700 species. The majority of species are saprobes on decaying plant material in fresh water, marine, or terrestrial environments, but several species are also associated with living plants as parasites, epiphytes or endophytes. The best studied species cause plant diseases on important agricultural crops e.g. ''Cochliobolus heterostrophus'', causing southern corn leaf blight on maize, ''Phaeosphaeria nodorum'' (''Stagonospora nodorum'') causing glume blotch on wheat and ''Leptosphaeria maculans'' causing a stem canker (called blackleg) on cabbage crops (''Brassica''). Some species of Pleosporales occur on animal dung and a small number occur as lichens and rock-inhabiting fungi. Taxonomy The order was proposed in 1955 as Dothideomycetes with perithecioid ascomata with pseudoparaphyses amongst the asci, at which time there were sev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pleomassariaceae
The Pleomassariaceae are a family of fungi in the order Pleosporales. Taxa have a widespread distribution in both temperate and tropical regions, and are saprobic or necrotrophic on wood, bark, and other herbaceous material. The genus was circumscribed by mycologist Margaret Elizabeth Barr-Bigelow in 1979. Genera This is a list of the genera in the Pleomassariaceae, based on a 2021 review and summary of fungal classification by Wijayawardene and colleagues. Following the genus name is the taxonomic authority In biology, taxonomy () is the scientific study of naming, defining ( circumscribing) and classifying groups of biological organisms based on shared characteristics. Organisms are grouped into taxa (singular: taxon) and these groups are given ... (those who first circumscribed the genus; standardized author abbreviations are used), year of publication, and the number of species: * '' Beverwykella'' – 3 spp. * '' Lichenopyrenis'' – 1 sp. * '' Myxocyclus'' †... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Splanchnonema
''Splanchnonema'' is a genus of fungi in the family Pleomassariaceae. The genus was circumscribed in 1829 by August Carl Joseph Corda. One of the species, '' Splanchnonema lichenisatum'', is a lichen A lichen ( , ) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship. Species * '' Splanchnonema annonae'' * '' Splanchnonema arbuti'' * '' Splanchnonema argus'' * ''[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anamorph
In mycology, the terms teleomorph, anamorph, and holomorph apply to portions of the life cycles of fungi in the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota: *Teleomorph: the sexual reproductive stage (morph), typically a fruiting body. *Anamorph: an asexual reproductive stage (morph), often mold-like. When a single fungus produces multiple morphologically distinct anamorphs, these are called synanamorphs. *Holomorph: the whole fungus, including anamorphs and teleomorph. Dual naming of fungi Fungi are classified primarily based on the structures associated with sexual reproduction, which tend to be evolutionarily conserved. However, many fungi reproduce only asexually, and cannot easily be classified based on sexual characteristics; some produce both asexual and sexual states. These problematic species are often members of the Ascomycota, but a few of them belong to the Basidiomycota. Even among fungi that reproduce both sexually and asexually, often only one method of reproduction can be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Platanus
''Platanus'' is a genus consisting of a small number of tree species native to the Northern Hemisphere. They are the sole living members of the family Platanaceae. All mature members of ''Platanus'' are tall, reaching in height. All except for '' P. kerrii'' are deciduous, and most are found in riparian or other wetland habitats in the wild, though proving drought-tolerant in cultivation. The hybrid London plane (''Platanus ''×'' acerifolia'') has proved particularly tolerant of urban conditions, and has been widely planted in London and elsewhere in the United Kingdom. They are often known in English as ''planes'' or ''plane trees''. A formerly used name that is now rare is ''plantain tree'' (not to be confused with other, unrelated, species with the name). Some North American species are called ''sycamores'' (especially ''Platanus occidentalis''), although the term is also used for several unrelated species of trees. The genus name ''Platanus'' comes from Ancient Greek ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Platanus × Acerifolia
''Platanus'' × ''acerifolia'', ''Platanus'' × ''hispanica'', or hybrid plane, is a tree in the genus ''Platanus''. It is often known by the Synonym (taxonomy), synonym London plane, or London planetree. It is usually thought to be a Hybrid (biology), hybrid of ''Platanus orientalis'' (oriental plane) and ''Platanus occidentalis'' (American sycamore). Some authorities think that it may be a cultivar of ''P. orientalis''. Description The London plane is a large deciduous tree growing , exceptionally over tall, with a trunk up to or more in circumference. The Bark (botany), bark is usually pale grey-green, smooth and exfoliating, or buff-brown and not exfoliating. The leaf, leaves are thick and stiff-textured, broad, palmately lobed, superficially maple-like, the leaf blade long and broad, with a Petiole (botany), petiole long. The young leaves in spring are coated with minute, fine, stiff hairs at first, but these wear off and by late summer the leaves are hairless or n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Platanus Orientalis
''Platanus orientalis'', the Old World sycamore or Oriental plane, is a large, deciduous tree of the Platanaceae family, growing to or more, and known for its longevity and spreading crown. In autumn its deep green leaves may change to blood red, amber, and yellow. Etymology The species' name means 'eastern'. (In comparison, the 'western' plane (or American sycamore) is named ''Platanus occidentalis''). The eastern plane's original distribution was eastward from the Balkans. The tree was called ''platane'' in ancient Greek history and literature and by related names in continental Europe. Equally well known in Asia from Anatolia to India and usually called ''chinar'' or ''chenar''. Range The native range is Eurasia from the Balkans to at least as far east as Iran. Some accounts extend its native range to Iberia in the west, and to the Himalayas in the east. As it has been known in cultivation from early times in much of this region it can be difficult to determine if it is truly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Platanus Occidentalis
''Platanus occidentalis'', also known as American sycamore, American planetree, western plane, occidental plane, buttonwood, and water beech, is a species of ''Platanus'' native to the eastern and central United States, the mountains of northeastern Mexico, extreme southern Ontario, and possibly extreme southern Quebec. It is usually called sycamore in North America, a name which can refer to other types of trees in other parts of the world. The American sycamore is a long-lived species, typically surviving at least 200 years and likely as long as 500–600 years. The species epithet ''occidentalis'' is Latin for "western", referring to the Western Hemisphere, because at the time when it was named by Carl Linnaeus, the only other species in the genus was '' P. orientalis'' ("eastern"), native to the Eastern Hemisphere. Description An American sycamore tree can often be easily distinguished from other trees by its mottled bark which flakes off in large irregular masses, leaving t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
