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Sonntagskreis
The Sonntagskreis ( hu, Vasárnapi Kör, italic=no, "Sunday Circle") was an intellectual discussion group in Budapest, Hungary, between 1915 and 1918. The main focus of the group was on the relationship between ideas and the social and historical context of those ideas, a line of thought that led towards the later concepts of " social history of art" and " sociology of knowledge". The Sonntagskreis group The Sonntagskreis was founded in the autumn of 1915 by Béla Balázs, Lajos Fülep, Arnold Hauser, György Lukács, and Károly (Karl) Mannheim; in December of that year Balázs noted the success of the group in his diary. Others members of the group at various times included Frigyes (Frederick) Antal, Béla Fogarasi, Tibor Gergely, Edit Gyömrői, Edit Hajós, , , Anna Lesznai, , Mihály (Michael) Polányi, László Radványi, Emma Ritoók, Anna Schlamadinger, Ervin Šinko, Vilmos Szilasi, Károly Tolnay (Charles de Tolnay) and János (Johannes) Wilde. Admissi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karl Mannheim
Karl Mannheim (born Károly Manheim, 27 March 1893 – 9 January 1947) was an influential Hungarian sociologist during the first half of the 20th century. He is a key figure in classical sociology, as well as one of the founders of the sociology of knowledge. Mannheim is best known for his book ''Ideology and Utopia'' (1929/1936), in which he distinguishes between partial and total ideologies, the latter representing comprehensive worldviews distinctive to particular social groups, and also between ideologies that provide outdated support for existing social arrangements, and utopias, which look to the future and threaten to transform a society. Biography Childhood and education Karl Mannheim was born 27 March 1893 in Budapest, to a Hungarian father, a textile merchant, and German mother, both of Jewish descent. His early education was in that city, he studied philosophy and literature at the University of Budapest, though he also went to Berlin (where he studied with Geor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anna Lesznai
Anna Lesznai (3 January 1885 – 2 October 1966) was a Hungarian-born American writer, painter, designer, and key figure in the Hungarian avant-garde. Life and work Amália J. Moskowitz (familiarly known as ''Máli'') was born in Budapest. She grew up in Alsókörtvélyes (now Nižný Hrušov, Slovakia) on the country estate belonging to her father Geyza Moskowitz, a physician who had served as personal secretary to Prime Minister Gyula Andrássy. Her mother, Hermina Hatvany, was a member of the Hatvany-Deutsch family, one of the leading ennobled Jewish families of Hungary. The art patron Sándor Hatvany-Deutsch was her uncle, the writer her cousin. She adopted the pen name of Anna Lesznai after the neighboring village of Leszna (today Lesné, Slovakia). Multi-talented, she was recognized equally for her artwork and her writing. She studied art in Budapest with Károly Ferenczy and Simon Hollósy, later in Paris with Lucien Simon. In 1909 she joined the Constructivist-Ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alabert Fogarasi
Alabert Fogarasi, also known as Béla Fogarasi (25 July 1891 – 28 April 1959) was a Hungarian philosopher and politician. Life Fogarasi was born as Béla Freid on 25 July 1891 in Budapest, and studied in Budapest and Heidelberg. In 1910 he translated Henri Bergson's ''Introduction à la metaphysique'' into Hungarian. He was a member of the so-called Sunday circle around Béla Balázs and György Lukács. With Karl Mannheim, Arnold Hauser and Ervin Szabó he was also involved in the Budapest Free School of Humanities, founded by Lukács. A December 1915 lecture on historical materialism to the Hungarian Philosophical Society criticized economic determinism. His March 1918 lecture to a joint meeting of the Sunday Circle and the Sociological Society, 'Conservative and Progressive Idealism', opposed positivism and associated radical politics with philosophical idealism. In December 1918 he joined the Hungarian Communist Party and was appointed as editor of ''Vörös Újság'' (The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lajos Fülep
Lajos Fülep (January 23, 1885 – October 7, 1970) was a Hungarian art historian, philosopher of art, pastor of the Reformed Church in Hungary, and university professor. Life and career He was born into the family of a veterinarian. Fülep received his primary education in the countryside, and returned to Budapest for university studies. During this period, he wrote articles on art and history for various newspapers, such as ''Népszava'', which made him well-known in intellectual circles.''Pécs lexikon'' ''I. (A–M).'' Főszerk. Romváry Ferenc. Pécs: Pécs Lexikon Kulturális Nonprofit Kft. Fülep traveled to Paris in 1904 and 1906, and from 1907 he studied in Florence on a state scholarship. In Florence, he learned about Renaissance art as well as the thoughts of St. Francis of Assisi, as a result of which Fülep, who had previously been considered an anarchist thinker, was converted to Christianity. He also co-edited the philosophical magazine '' A Szellem'' with Gy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arnold Hauser (art Historian)
Arnold Hauser (8 May 1892 in Timișoara – 28 January 1978 in Budapest) was a Hungarian-German art historian and sociologist who was perhaps the leading Marxist in the field. He wrote on the influence of change in social structures on art. Life and Main Works Hauser studied history of art and literature in Budapest, Vienna, Berlin and Paris. Among his teachers were Max Dvořák in Vienna, Georg Simmel in Berlin, Henri Bergson and Gustave Lanson in Paris. After World War I he spent two years in Italy, familiarizing himself with Italian art. In 1921, he moved to Berlin, and in 1924 to Vienna. By that time he had concluded, in his own words, that “the problem of art and literature, in the solution of which our time is most eagerly engaged, are fundamentally sociological problems.” Another crucial influence on Hauser was Hungarian philosopher Bernhard Alexander, which transmitted to Hauser an interest for both William Shakespeare and Immanuel Kant. This led to Hauser's systemat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
György Lukács
György Lukács (born György Bernát Löwinger; hu, szegedi Lukács György Bernát; german: Georg Bernard Baron Lukács von Szegedin; 13 April 1885 – 4 June 1971) was a Hungarian Marxist philosopher, literary historian, critic, and aesthetician. He was one of the founders of Western Marxism, an interpretive tradition that departed from the Marxist ideological orthodoxy of the Soviet Union. He developed the theory of reification, and contributed to Marxist theory with developments of Karl Marx's theory of class consciousness. He was also a philosopher of Leninism. He ideologically developed and organised Lenin's pragmatic revolutionary practices into the formal philosophy of vanguard-party revolution. As a literary critic Lukács was especially influential due to his theoretical developments of realism and of the novel as a literary genre. In 1919, he was appointed the Hungarian Minister of Culture of the government of the short-lived Hungarian Soviet Republic (Mar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emma Ritoók
Emma Ritoók or Ritoók Emma (15 July 1868 – 3 April 1945) was a poet, critic and philosopher. Biography Emman Ritoók was born in Nagyvárad in what was then Austria-Hungary, and is now Oradea in Romania. Ritoók studied in Budapest, Leipzig and Paris and in 1906 she obtained a doctorate in philology. She was a librarian at the Capital Library. In 1897 she won a science competition prize ('' A természettudományi irány a szépirodalomban '' The natural science trend in fiction) of the Szigligeti Társaság of Nagyvárad. In 1905 she distinguished herself with her winning novel '' Egyenes úton - egyedül ''. She translated from Scandinavian writers Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, Knut Hamsun. She was a member of the Budapest philosophical discussion group " Sunday Circle". She died in Budapest, Hungary Budapest (, ; ) is the capital and most populous city of Hungary. It is the ninth-largest city in the European Union by population within city limits and the second ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frederick Antal
Frederick Antal (21 December 1887 – 4 April 1954), born Frigyes Antal, later known as Friedrich Antal, was a Hungarian art historian, particularly known for his contributions to the social history of art. Early life Antal was born in Budapest to a upper-class Jewish family. After earning a degree in law, he decided to pursue art history. He studied with Heinrich Wölfflin at the University of Berlin before completing his doctorate under Max Dvorák at the University of Vienna. Antal was a member of the Sonntagskreis intellectual group formed in Budapest by Béla Balázs, György Lukács and others in 1915.Gluck, Mary. (1985''Georg Lukács and His Generation, 1900-1918'' Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. p. 14 Career He started his career at the Museum of Fine Arts in Budapest with a year as a volunteer from 1914. In 1919, he became its ''Vorsitzender des Direktoriums'' (Chairman of the Board) for several months until the White Terror toppled the new Hungarian Soviet R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Béla Balázs
Béla Balázs (; 4 August 1884 in Szeged – 17 May 1949 in Budapest), born Herbert Béla Bauer, was a Hungarian film criticism, film critic, aesthetics, aesthetician, writer and poet of History of the Jews in Hungary, Jewish heritage. He was a proponent of formalist film theory. Career Balázs was the son of Simon Bauer and Eugénia Léwy, adopting his ''nom de plume'' in newspaper articles written before his 1902 move to Budapest, where he studied Hungarian and German at the Eötvös Collegium. Balázs was a moving force in the Sonntagskreis or Sunday Circle, the intellectual discussion group which he founded in the autumn of 1915 together with Lajos Fülep, Arnold Hauser, György Lukács and Karl Mannheim, Károly (Karl) Mannheim. Meetings were held at his flat on Sunday afternoons; already in December 1915 Balázs wrote in his diary of the success of the group.Mary Gluck (1985''Georg Lukács and His Generation, 1900–1918'' Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
20th-century Philosophy
Contemporary philosophy is the present period in the history of Western philosophy beginning at the early 20th century with the increasing professionalization of the discipline and the rise of Analytic philosophy, analytic and continental philosophy. The phrase "contemporary philosophy" is a piece of technical terminology in philosophy that refers to a specific period in the history of Western philosophy (namely the philosophy of the 20th and 21st centuries). However, the phrase is often confused with modern philosophy (which refers to an earlier period in Western philosophy), postmodern philosophy (which refers to some philosophers' criticisms of modern philosophy), and with a non-technical use of the phrase referring to any recent philosophic work. Professionalization Process Professionalization is the social process by which any trade or occupation establishes the group Norm (sociology), norms of conduct, acceptable wikt:qualification, qualifications for membership of the pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ervin Szabó
Ervin Szabó (born as Samuel Armin Schlesinger; 23 August 1877 – 29 September 1918) was a Hungary, Hungarian social scientist, librarian and anarcho-syndicalist revolutionary. Life Born Samuel Armin Schlesinger, Szabó's parents were assimilationist Jews from Árva County. He studied law at the University of Vienna, where he completed his doctorate in 1899. and wrote for Népszava, a Social-democratic newspaper. In 1911, he became director of Budapest's Fővárosi Szabó Ervin Könyvtár, Metropolitan Library (which now bears his name). He modelled his library after the United Kingdom, British public library system. The library was purged of communists including Szabo's supporters on the library staff like Blanka Pikler.Blanka Pikler Osck.hu, Retrieved 24 April 2017 He advanced academically, becoming the vice-president of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Budapest
Budapest (, ; ) is the capital and most populous city of Hungary. It is the ninth-largest city in the European Union by population within city limits and the second-largest city on the Danube river; the city has an estimated population of 1,752,286 over a land area of about . Budapest, which is both a city and county, forms the centre of the Budapest metropolitan area, which has an area of and a population of 3,303,786; it is a primate city, constituting 33% of the population of Hungary. The history of Budapest began when an early Celtic settlement transformed into the Roman town of Aquincum, the capital of Lower Pannonia. The Hungarians arrived in the territory in the late 9th century, but the area was pillaged by the Mongols in 1241–42. Re-established Buda became one of the centres of Renaissance humanist culture by the 15th century. The Battle of Mohács, in 1526, was followed by nearly 150 years of Ottoman rule. After the reconquest of Buda in 1686, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
