Sonda 4
Sonda is a family of Brazilian-built sounding rocket A sounding rocket or rocketsonde, sometimes called a research rocket or a suborbital rocket, is an instrument-carrying rocket designed to take measurements and perform scientific experiments during its sub-orbital flight. The rockets are used to ...s which serves as an R&D path to the VLS ( pt, Veículo Lançador de Satélites) orbital rocket. Launches started in 1965 and continue to this day. Launch sites include Wallops Island, Andoya, Kiruna, Natal, Alcântara, Cassino and SvalRak. Sonda I The Sonda I is a two stage rocket (S10-1 + S-10-2 rocket stages) with a maximum flight altitude of 65 km, a liftoff thrust of 27 kN a total mass of 100 kg, a diameter of 11 cm and a length of 4.5 metres. It was launched 9 times between 1965 and 1966. Sonda II The Sonda II is a single stage rocket (S-20 rocket stage) with a maximum flight altitude of 180 km, a Liftoff Thrust of 36.00 kN, a total mas ...
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AEB Sonda Family
AEB may refer to: Air industry * Aero Benin (ICAO code: AEB), Benin airline * Baise Bama Airport, Guangxi, China (IATA code: AEB) People * Ambrose E. Burnside, a Union general during the American Civil War * Andries Brouwer, Dutch mathematician and computer programmer Technology * Analog Expansion Bus, a piece of computer hardware * Auto Exposure Bracketing, a feature on some cameras * Autonomous Emergency Braking, a safety feature on automobiles (including on lorries and heavy good vehicles) Other * Agência Espacial Brasileira, the Brazilian space agency * American Egg Board, a marketing body * Associated Examining Board, an examination board in the UK * "As evidenced by" (''aeb'' or ''AEB''), often used in medical charting * Tunisian Arabic language (ISO 639 code: aeb) * Annual Egyptological Bibliography, bibliography of Egyptology publications * Afrikaner Eenheidsbeweging The Afrikaner Eenheidsbeweging (Afrikaner Unity Movement) was a small South African political ...
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Brazil
Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area and the seventh most populous. Its capital is Brasília, and its most populous city is São Paulo. The federation is composed of the union of the 26 States of Brazil, states and the Federal District (Brazil), Federal District. It is the largest country to have Portuguese language, Portuguese as an List of territorial entities where Portuguese is an official language, official language and the only one in the Americas; one of the most Multiculturalism, multicultural and ethnically diverse nations, due to over a century of mass Immigration to Brazil, immigration from around the world; and the most populous Catholic Church by country, Roman Catholic-majority country. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a Coastline of Brazi ...
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Sounding Rocket
A sounding rocket or rocketsonde, sometimes called a research rocket or a suborbital rocket, is an instrument-carrying rocket designed to take measurements and perform scientific experiments during its sub-orbital flight. The rockets are used to launch instruments from 48 to 145 km (30 to 90 miles) above the surface of the Earth, the altitude generally between weather balloons and satellites; the maximum altitude for balloons is about 40 km (25 miles) and the minimum for satellites is approximately 121 km (75 miles). Certain sounding rockets have an apogee between 1,000 and 1,500 km (620 and 930 miles), such as the Black Brant X and XII, which is the maximum apogee of their class. Sounding rockets often use military surplus rocket motors. NASA routinely flies the Terrier Mk 70 boosted Improved Orion, lifting 270–450-kg (600–1,000-pound) payloads into the exoatmospheric region between 97 and 201 km (60 and 125 miles). Etymology The origin of the term ...
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Research And Development
Research and development (R&D or R+D), known in Europe as research and technological development (RTD), is the set of innovative activities undertaken by corporations or governments in developing new services or products, and improving existing ones. Research and development constitutes the first stage of development of a potential new service or the production process. R&D activities differ from institution to institution, with two primary models of an R&D department either staffed by engineers and tasked with directly developing new products, or staffed with industrial scientists and tasked with applied research in scientific or technological fields, which may facilitate future product development. R&D differs from the vast majority of corporate activities in that it is not intended to yield immediate profit, and generally carries greater risk and an uncertain return on investment. However R&D is crucial for acquiring larger shares of the market through the marketisation ...
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VLS-1
The ''VLS-1'' () was the Brazilian Space Agency's main satellite launch vehicle. The launch vehicle was to be capable of launching satellites into orbit. The launch site was located at the Alcântara Launch Center due to its proximity to the equator. Associated vehicles include the Sonda I, Sonda II, Sonda III and Sonda IV, the VS-30, VS-40 and VSB-30. The VLS was cancelled after decades of development and high expenditures with poor results and a failed association with Ukraine that slowed the program for years. History VLS-1 development started in 1984, after the first launch of the Sonda IV rocket. To date, three prototypes have been built and two launches attempted, departing from the Alcântara Launch Center. During the V1 and V2 prototype launches (VLS-1 V1 and VLS-1 V2) technical problems prevented mission success, but allowed the testing of several vehicle components. The V3 prototype exploded on the launch pad on 22 August 2003, two days before its intended launch d ...
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Orbital Spaceflight
An orbital spaceflight (or orbital flight) is a spaceflight in which a spacecraft is placed on a trajectory where it could remain in space for at least one orbit. To do this around the Earth, it must be on a free trajectory which has an altitude at perigee (altitude at closest approach) around ; this is the boundary of space as defined by NASA, the US Air Force and the FAA. To remain in orbit at this altitude requires an orbital speed of ~7.8 km/s. Orbital speed is slower for higher orbits, but attaining them requires greater delta-v. The Fédération Aéronautique Internationale has established the Kármán line at an altitude of as a working definition for the boundary between aeronautics and astronautics. This is used because at an altitude of about , as Theodore von Kármán calculated, a vehicle would have to travel faster than orbital velocity to derive sufficient aerodynamic lift from the atmosphere to support itself. Due to atmospheric drag, the lowest altitude ...
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Multistage Rocket
A multistage rocket or step rocket is a launch vehicle that uses two or more rocket ''stages'', each of which contains its own engines and propellant. A ''tandem'' or ''serial'' stage is mounted on top of another stage; a ''parallel'' stage is attached alongside another stage. The result is effectively two or more rockets stacked on top of or attached next to each other. Two-stage rockets are quite common, but rockets with as many as five separate stages have been successfully launched. By jettisoning stages when they run out of propellant, the mass of the remaining rocket is decreased. Each successive stage can also be optimized for its specific operating conditions, such as decreased atmospheric pressure at higher altitudes. This ''staging'' allows the thrust of the remaining stages to more easily accelerate the rocket to its final speed and height. In serial or tandem staging schemes, the first stage is at the bottom and is usually the largest, the second stage and subseq ...
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Sonda I Dimensoes
Sonda can refer to: * Sonda (rocket), a type of Brazilian-built sounding rocket * ''Sonda'' (TV series), a Polish television popular science series broadcast between 1977 and 1989 * Sonda, Estonia, a settlement in Estonia * Sonda, Karnataka, India * Sonda, Nadia, a census town in West Bengal, India * Sonda S.A., a Chilean company As an acronym, SONDA can refer to: * the Sexual Orientation Non-Discrimination Act The Sexual Orientation Non-Discrimination Act (SONDA) is a New York law which prohibits discrimination on the basis of actual or perceived sexual orientation in employment, housing, public accommodations, education, credit, and the exercise of civil ...

Sonda II Dimensoes
Sonda can refer to: * Sonda (rocket), a type of Brazilian-built sounding rocket * ''Sonda'' (TV series), a Polish television popular science series broadcast between 1977 and 1989 * Sonda, Estonia, a settlement in Estonia * Sonda, Karnataka, India * Sonda, Nadia, a census town in West Bengal, India * Sonda S.A., a Chilean company As an acronym, SONDA can refer to: * the Sexual Orientation Non-Discrimination Act The Sexual Orientation Non-Discrimination Act (SONDA) is a New York law which prohibits discrimination on the basis of actual or perceived sexual orientation in employment, housing, public accommodations, education, credit, and the exercise of civil ...

Sonda III Dimensoes
Sonda can refer to: * Sonda (rocket), a type of Brazilian-built sounding rocket * ''Sonda'' (TV series), a Polish television popular science series broadcast between 1977 and 1989 * Sonda, Estonia, a settlement in Estonia * Sonda, Karnataka, India * Sonda, Nadia, a census town in West Bengal, India * Sonda S.A., a Chilean company As an acronym, SONDA can refer to: * the Sexual Orientation Non-Discrimination Act The Sexual Orientation Non-Discrimination Act (SONDA) is a New York law which prohibits discrimination on the basis of actual or perceived sexual orientation in employment, housing, public accommodations, education, credit, and the exercise of civil ...

Brazilian Sonda III Rocket Shapes
Brazilian commonly refers to: * Something of, from or relating to Brazil * Brazilian Portuguese, the dialect of the Portuguese language used mostly in Brazil * Brazilians, the people (citizens) of Brazil, or of Brazilian descent Brazilian may also refer to: Sports * Brazilian football, see football in Brazil * Brazilian jiu-jitsu, a martial art and combat sport system *''The Brazilians'', a nickname for South African football association club Mamelodi Sundowns F.C. due to their soccer kits which resembles that of the Brazilian national team Other uses * Brazilian waxing, a style of Bikini waxing * Brazilian culture, describing the Culture of Brazil * "The Brazilian "The Brazilian" is an instrumental piece by the English band Genesis that concludes their 1986 album '' Invisible Touch''. The song features experimental sounds and effects. The band wrote two instrumental pieces for the album, this and "Do the N ...", a 1986 instrumental by Genesis * Brazilian barbecue, known a ...
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