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Sobre La Indolencia De Los Filipinos
''Sobre la indolencia de los filipinos'' ("On the Indolence of the Filipinos" in Spanish) is a socio-political essay published in ''La solidaridad'' in Madrid in 1890. It was written by José Rizal as a response to the accusation of ''Indio'' or Malay indolence. He admits the existence of indolence among the Filipinos, but it could be attributed to a number of reasons. He traces its causes to factors such as the climate and social disorders. He defends the Filipinos by saying that they are by nature not indolent, because in fact, even before the arrival of Spaniards, Filipinos have been engaged in economic activities such as agriculture and trade. Indolence therefore has more deeply rooted causes such as abuse and discrimination. A similar work was written by Syed Hussein Alatas, entitled ''The Myth of the Lazy Native''.Syed Hussein Alatas (2010). The Myth of the Lazy Native: A Study of the Image of the Malays, Filipinos and Javanese from the 16th to the 20th Century and Its Funct ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spanish Language In The Philippines
Spanish was the official language of the Philippines from the beginning of Spanish rule in the late 16th century, until sometime during the Philippine–American War (1899-1902) and remained co-official, along with English, until 1973. It was at first removed in 1973 by a constitutional change, but after a few months it was re-designated an official language by presidential decree. With the present Constitution, Spanish was changed into an auxiliary or "optional and voluntary language". It was the language of the Philippine Revolution and the country's first official language, as proclaimed in the Malolos Constitution of the First Philippine Republic in 1899. It was the language of commerce, law, politics and the arts during the colonial period and well into the 20th century. It was the main language of many classical writers and Ilustrados such as José Rizal, Antonio Luna and Marcelo del Pilar. It is regulated by the Academia Filipina de la Lengua Española, the main Span ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
La Solidaridad
''La Solidaridad'' (The Solidarity) was an organization created in Spain on December 13, 1888. Composed of Filipino liberals exiled in 1872 and students attending Europe's universities, the organization aimed to increase Spanish awareness of the needs of its colony, the Philippines, and to propagate a closer relationship between the Philippines and Spain. Headed by Galicano Apacible, it also issued a newspaper of the same name which was published in Barcelona, Spain on February 15, 1889. It was edited by Graciano López Jaena and later on by Marcelo H. del Pilar. The social, cultural, and economic conditions of the colonial Philippines were published in ''La Solidaridad''. Speeches of the Spanish liberals about the Philippines were also featured in the newspaper. Members *José Rizal (Laong Laan and Dimasalang) *Marcelo H. del Pilar (Plaridel, Dolores Manapat, Piping Dilat, Siling Labuyo, Cupang, Maytiyaga, Patos, Carmelo, D.A. Murgas, and L.O. Crame) *Graciano López Jaena (Di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Madrid
Madrid ( , ) is the capital and most populous city of Spain. The city has almost 3.4 million inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of approximately 6.7 million. It is the second-largest city in the European Union (EU), and its monocentric metropolitan area is the third-largest in the EU.United Nations Department of Economic and Social AffairWorld Urbanization Prospects (2007 revision), (United Nations, 2008), Table A.12. Data for 2007. The municipality covers geographical area. Madrid lies on the River Manzanares in the central part of the Iberian Peninsula. Capital city of both Spain (almost without interruption since 1561) and the surrounding autonomous community of Madrid (since 1983), it is also the political, economic and cultural centre of the country. The city is situated on an elevated plain about from the closest seaside location. The climate of Madrid features hot summers and cool winters. The Madrid urban agglomeration has the second-large ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
José Rizal
José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda (, ; June 19, 1861 – December 30, 1896) was a Filipino nationalist, writer and polymath active at the end of the Spanish colonial period of the Philippines. He is considered the national hero (''pambansang bayani'') of the Philippines. An ophthalmologist by profession, Rizal became a writer and a key member of the Filipino Propaganda Movement, which advocated political reforms for the colony under Spain. He was executed by the Spanish colonial government for the crime of rebellion after the Philippine Revolution broke out; it was inspired by his writings. Though he was not actively involved in its planning or conduct, he ultimately approved of its goals which eventually resulted in Philippine independence. Rizal is widely considered one of the greatest heroes of the Philippines and has been recommended to be so honored by an officially empaneled National Heroes Committee. However, no law, executive order or proclamation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Austronesian Peoples
The Austronesian peoples, sometimes referred to as Austronesian-speaking peoples, are a large group of peoples in Taiwan, Maritime Southeast Asia, Micronesia, coastal New Guinea, Island Melanesia, Polynesia, and Madagascar that speak Austronesian languages. They also include indigenous ethnic minorities in Vietnam, Cambodia, Myanmar, Thailand, Hainan, the Comoros, and the Torres Strait Islands. The nations and territories predominantly populated by Austronesian-speaking peoples are sometimes known collectively as Austronesia. Based on the current scientific consensus, they originated from a prehistoric seaborne migration, known as the Austronesian expansion, from pre- Han Taiwan, at around 1500 to 1000 BCE. Austronesians reached the northernmost Philippines, specifically the Batanes Islands, by around 2200 BCE. Austronesians used sails some time before 2000 BCE. In conjunction with their use of other maritime technologies (notably catamarans, outrigger boats, lashed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malay Race
The concept of a Malay race was originally proposed by the Germany, German physician Johann Friedrich Blumenbach (1752–1840), and classified as a brown (racial classification), brown race. ''Malay'' is a loose term used in the late 19th century and early 20th century to describe the Austronesian peoples. Since Blumenbach, many anthropologists have rejected his theory of Johann Friedrich Blumenbach#Racial anthropology, five races, citing the enormous Race (classification of human beings), complexity of classifying races. The concept of a "Malay race" differs with that of the ethnic Malays centered on Peninsular Malaysia, Malaya and parts of the Malay Archipelago's islands of Sumatra and Borneo. History The linguistic connections between Madagascar, Polynesia and Southeast Asia were recognized early in the Early modern period, colonial era by European authors, particularly the remarkable similarities between Malagasy language, Malagasy, Malay language, Malay, and Polynesian lang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Syed Hussein Alatas
Syed Hussein Alatas ( ar, سيد حسین العطاس '; 17 September 1928 – 23 January 2007) was a Malaysian academic, sociologist, politician, and founder of social science organisations. He was Vice-Chancellor of the University of Malaya in the 1980s and formed the Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia (Gerakan). Syed Hussein wrote several books on corruption, multi-racialism, imperialism, and intellectual captivity as part of the colonial, and postcolonial, project, the most famous being ''The Myth of the Lazy Native''. Early life Syed was born in Buitenzorg (now Bogor), Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia). His grandfather, Sayyid 'Abd Allah bin Muhsin al-Attas ( ar, سيد عبد الله بن محسن العطاس ), was a Hadhrami from Hadhramaut, Yemen and settled in Bogor. Notes and references Further reading Scores pay last respects to Syed Hussein* {{DEFAULTSORT:Alatas, Syed Hussein 1928 births 2007 deaths Deaths from pulmonary embolism Indonesian emig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gregorio Sancianco
Gregorio Sancianco y Goson (March 7, 1852, in Malabon – November 17, 1897, in Santo Domingo, Nueva Ecija, Philippines) was a lawyer and early advocate of economic reforms in the Philippines, which was then under Spanish rule. He was among the first generation of the Propaganda Movement, the lobby for political and economic reforms spearheaded by educated Filipinos (ilustrados) based in Spain in the second half of the 19th century. Sancianco is considered as the "first Filipino economist". Early education and political activities Sancianco was born in Tonsuya, a district of Malabon Tambobong (now Malabon), to Chinese mestizo (half-native, half-Chinese) parents. He studied law at the University of Santo Tomas (UST) and was a founding member of a reformist student organization called ''Juventud Escolar Liberal''. Two other founding members were Paciano Mercado (José Rizal’s elder brother) and Felipe Buencamino. ''Juventud'' was part of the broader reform movement in the Phili ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1890 Essays
Year 189 ( CLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Silanus and Silanus (or, less frequently, year 942 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 189 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * Plague (possibly smallpox) kills as many as 2,000 people per day in Rome. Farmers are unable to harvest their crops, and food shortages bring riots in the city. China * Liu Bian succeeds Emperor Ling, as Chinese emperor of the Han Dynasty. * Dong Zhuo has Liu Bian deposed, and installs Emperor Xian as emperor. * Two thousand eunuchs in the palace are slaughtered in a violent purge in Luoyang, the capital of Han. By topic Arts and sciences * Galen publishes his ''"Treatise on the various temperaments"'' (aka ''O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
