|
Skolt Sámi
Skolt Sámi ( , "the Sámi language", or , "the Eastern Sámi language", if a distinction needs to be made between it and the other Sámi languages) is a Uralic, Sámi language that is spoken by the Skolts, with approximately 300 speakers in Finland, mainly in Sevettijärvi and approximately 20–30 speakers of the Njuõʹttjäuʹrr (Notozero) dialect in an area surrounding Lake Lovozero in Russia. Skolt Sámi also used to be spoken in the Neiden area of Norway. It is written using a modified Roman orthography which was made official in 1973. The term ''Skolt'' was coined by representatives of the majority culture and has negative connotation which can be compared to the term ''Lapp''. Nevertheless, it is used in cultural and linguistic studies. History On Finnish territory Skolt Sámi was spoken in four villages before the Second World War. In Petsamo, Skolt Sámi was spoken in Suonikylä and the village of Petsamo. This area was ceded to Russia in the Second Wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Finland
Finland ( fi, Suomi ; sv, Finland ), officially the Republic of Finland (; ), is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It shares land borders with Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and the Gulf of Finland across Estonia to the south. Finland covers an area of with a population of 5.6 million. Helsinki is the capital and largest city, forming a larger metropolitan area with the neighbouring cities of Espoo, Kauniainen, and Vantaa. The vast majority of the population are ethnic Finns. Finnish, alongside Swedish, are the official languages. Swedish is the native language of 5.2% of the population. Finland's climate varies from humid continental in the south to the boreal in the north. The land cover is primarily a boreal forest biome, with more than 180,000 recorded lakes. Finland was first inhabited around 9000 BC after the Last Glacial Period. The Stone Age introduced several differ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orthography
An orthography is a set of conventions for writing a language, including norms of spelling, hyphenation, capitalization, word breaks, emphasis, and punctuation. Most transnational languages in the modern period have a writing system, and most of these systems have undergone substantial standardization, thus exhibiting less dialect variation than the spoken language. These processes can fossilize pronunciation patterns that are no longer routinely observed in speech (e.g., "would" and "should"); they can also reflect deliberate efforts to introduce variability for the sake of national identity, as seen in Noah Webster's efforts to introduce easily noticeable differences between American and British spelling (e.g., "honor" and "honour"). Some nations (e.g. France and Spain) have established language academies in an attempt to regulate orthography officially. For most languages (including English) however, there are no such authorities and a sense of 'correct' orthography evol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neiden, Norway
Neiden ( sms, Njauddâm, sme, Njávdán, smn, Njiävđám, and fi, Näätämö, previously also ''Näytämö'') is a village area in the Sápmi area along the Finland–Norway border with about 250 inhabitants. Neiden, situated along the Neiden River, actually consists of two villages 12 kilometers apart, separated by the border of Norway and Finland. One village is in Sør-Varanger Municipality in Troms og Finnmark county, Norway, and the other village is in Inari Municipality in Lapland, Finland. ''Neiden'' is the official name in Norway and ''Näätämö'' in Finland. The European route E6 highway runs through the Norwegian village of Neiden. The village on the Finnish side is close to the border and has border shops. History Neiden became the main settlement of the westernmost ( sme, siida, i.e. the fundamental unit of the old Sami society, indicating both the area and the family group(s) exploiting it) of the Skolts and has remained relatively unchanged, leaving numer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sør-Varanger
Sør-Varanger ( sme, Máttá-Várjjat, fkv, Etelä-Varenki, fi, Etelä-Varanki, russian: Сёр-Вара́нгер/Syor-Varánger) is a municipality in Troms og Finnmark county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Kirkenes. Other settlements in the municipality include the villages of Bjørnevatn, Bugøynes, Elvenes, Grense Jakobselv, Hesseng, Jakobsnes, Neiden, and Sandnes. Located west of the Norway–Russia border, Sør-Varanger is the only Norwegian municipality that shares a land border with Russia, with the only legal border crossing at Storskog. The municipality is the 6th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Sør-Varanger is the 112th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 9,925. The municipality's population density is and its population has increased by 0.7% over the previous 10-year period. Name The meaning of the name Sør-Varanger comes from the name of the large Varangerfjorden (Old Norse: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lovozero (rural Locality)
Lovozero (russian: Лово́зеро; sjd, Луяввьр; sms, Luujäuʹrr; se, Lujávri; fi, Luujärvi) is a rural locality (a '' selo'') and the administrative center of Lovozersky District in Murmansk Oblast, Russia, located on both banks of the Virma River, which is not far from Lake Lovozero, and southeast of Murmansk, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: It is the second largest locality in the district after Revda. History In 1574, the settlement of Loyyavrsiyt (literally, "settlement of strong people by the lake") was founded at the site of modern Lovozero. Lovozero itself is first mentioned in chronicles in 1608. Economy The main business in Lovozero is the agricultural and reindeer husbandry cooperative ''Tundra''. Fishing, hunting, and picking cloudberries are also important. Transportation The closest railway station is in Revda, located to the west. Military A military helicopter base is located to the southeast. Culture Sever ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tuloma (rural Locality)
Tuloma (russian: Туло́ма) is a rural locality (a '' selo'') in Kolsky District of Murmansk Oblast, Russia, located beyond the Arctic Circle The Arctic Circle is one of the two polar circles, and the most northerly of the five major circles of latitude as shown on maps of Earth. Its southern equivalent is the Antarctic Circle. The Arctic Circle marks the southernmost latitude at w ... at a height of above sea level. Population: 1,991 ( 2010 Census). References Notes Sources * Rural localities in Murmansk Oblast Kolsky District {{MurmanskOblast-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lake Notozero
The Verkhnetulomskoye Reservoir (russian: Верхнетуломское водохранилище) is a large reservoir on the Kola Peninsula, Murmansk Oblast Murmansk Oblast (russian: Му́рманская о́бласть, p=ˈmurmənskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ, r=Murmanskaya oblast, ''Murmanskaya oblast''; Kildin Sami: Мурман е̄ммьне, ''Murman jemm'ne'') is a federal subject (an oblast) of ..., Russia. It impounds the river Tuloma. It was constructed in 1964-1965, and has an area of 745 km². Great Soviet Encyclopedia Since the construction of the reservoir, the former Lake Notozero (russian: Нотозеро; sms, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inari, Finland
Inari (; smn, Aanaar; sms, Aanar; sme, Anár ; Norwegian and Swedish: ''Enare'') is Finland's largest municipality by area (but one of the most sparsely populated), with four official languages, more than any other in the country. Its major sources of income are tourism, service industry and cold climate testing. With the Siida museum in the village of Inari, it is a center of Sami culture, widely known as the "capital of Sámi culture". The airport in Ivalo and the country's key north-south European Route E75 ( Finland's National Road 4) bring summer and winter vacationers seeking resorts with access to a well-preserved, uncrowded natural environment. History The municipality was established in 1876. It was claimed from about 1942 to 1945 by the Quisling regime during the Nazi occupation of Norway. Geography Inari is the largest municipality by area in Finland. Located in Lapland, it covers an area of , of which is water. With an area of , Lake Inari is the third largest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nellim
Nellim ( fi, Nellim or '; smn, Njellim; sms, Njeäʹllem) is a village on the shore of Lake Inari in Inari, Finland that has three distinctly different cultures: Finns, the Inari Sámi and the Skolt Sámi. Nellim is approximately northeast of Ivalo and approximately away from the Russian border. The village has a store, a coffeeshop, a marina, an Orthodox wilderness church and a wilderness hotel. Other landmarks in the area include an old log flume, the Travelers' Cross at Tsarmijärvi, and remnants of the Rautaportti "Iron Gate" fortifications that were constructed in the second world war. The people of Nellim claim that it is the best location in Finland to view the Northern Lights. Livelihood The main sources of livelihood in Nellim are reindeer husbandry, natural economy Natural economy is a type of economy in which money is not used in the transfer of resources among people. It is a system of allocating resources through direct bartering, entitlement by law, or sharin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inari (village)
Inari is a population centre in the municipality by the same name in Lapland, Finland. It is widely known as the capital of Finnish Sámi culture. (in Finnish) History The village grew up along in a spot where the fast-flowing empties into . As the centuries went by, the village developed into a robust and active market and trade centre. When the municipality of Inari was founded in 1876, the village became its centre. The peo ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second World War
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. World War II was a total war that directly involved more than 100 million personnel from more than 30 countries. The major participants in the war threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role in the conflict, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and deploying the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II was by far the deadliest conflict in human history; it resulted in 70 to 85 million fatalities, mostly among civilians. Tens of millions died due to genocides (including the Holocaust), starvation, ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
