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Skinner Shipbuilding Company
Bethlehem Key Highway Shipyard started as William Skinner & Sons in downtown Baltimore, Maryland in 1815. In 1899 the shipyard was renamed Skinner Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Company. Also at the site was Malster & Reanie started in 1870 by William T. Malster (1843–1907). In 1879 Malster partnered with William B. Reaney (1808-1883). In 1880 Malster & Reanie was sold and renamed Columbian Iron Works & Dry Dock Company (Lower Yard). Malster & Reanie and Skinner Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Company merged in 1906, but remained as Skinner Shipbuilding. In 1914 the company was renamed Baltimore Dry Dock & Shipbuilding Company. Baltimore Dry Dock & Shipbuilding Company sold to Bethlehem Steel in 1922, becoming part of Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation. Bethlehem Steel operated the shipyard for ship repair, conversion and some ship construction. Bethlehem's main ship construction site was across the harbor at Bethlehem Sparrows Point. Bethlehem Key Highway Shipyard was known as the Be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
USS Webster (ARV-2) 1
USS ''Webster'' (ARV-2) was a aircraft repair ship that saw service in the United States Navy during World War II. On 30 March 1944, prior to the beginning of work on her construction, ''Masbate'' (ARG-1) was renamed ''Webster'' and reclassified ARV-2. The ship's keel was laid down under a Maritime Commission contract (MCE hull 2666) on 1 July 1944 at Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, by the Bethlehem Fairfield Shipyard, Bethlehem Fairfield Shipyard, Inc. Sponsored by Mrs. Walter W. Webster, the widow of the ship's namesake, the ship was launched on 5 August 1944 and Commissioning (ship), commissioned at Baltimore on 17 March 1945. After Fitting-out, fitting out, ''Webster'' departed Baltimore on 22 March 1945 and arrived at Norfolk Naval Base later that day. There, the aircraft repair ship loaded supplies and provisions into the second week of April, when she got underway for shakedown and training in Chesapeake Bay. After subsequent minor repairs and alterations at the Norfolk Navy Y ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Type C2 Ship
Type C2 ships were designed by the United States Maritime Commission (MARCOM) in 1937–38. They were all-purpose cargo ships with five holds, and U.S. shipyards built 328 of them from 1939 to 1945. Compared to ships built before 1939, the C2s were remarkable for their speed and fuel economy. Their design speed was , but some could make on occasion. The first C2s were long, broad, and deep, with a draft. Later ships varied somewhat in size. Some, intended for specific trade routes, were built with significant modifications in length and capacity. In 1937, MARCOM distributed tentative designs for criticism by shipbuilders, ship owners, and naval architects. The final designs incorporated many changes suggested by these constituencies. The ships were to be reasonably fast but economical cargo ships which, with some government subsidies to operators, could compete with vessels of other nations. Building costs were to be minimized by standardization of design and equipment, and t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
USS Tomahawk (AO-88)
USS ''Tomahawk'' (AO-88) was an acquired by the United States Navy for use during World War II. She had the dangerous but necessary task of providing fuel to vessels in combat and non-combat areas primarily in the Pacific Ocean. For her valiant efforts, she received six battle stars during the war. The first ''Tomahawk'', to be so named by the Navy, was laid down under Maritime Commission contract (MC hull 1267) on 1 June 1943 by Marinship Corporation of Sausalito, California, launched on 10 October 1943, sponsored by Mrs. W. L, Kidneigh, and commissioned at Portland, Oregon, on 16 April 1944. World War II Pacific Theatre operations Early in July 1944. ''Tomahawk'' completed her shakedown off the U.S. West Coast and steamed via Pearl Harbor for the Marshalls. The oiler arrived at Eniwetok on the 24th, reported for duty with Service Squadron 10, and was soon underway for fueling operations in the Marianas. During August, she contributed logistic support for the final sta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sun Shipbuilding & Drydock Co
The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System. It is a nearly perfect ball of hot plasma, heated to incandescence by nuclear fusion reactions in its core. The Sun radiates this energy mainly as light, ultraviolet, and infrared radiation, and is the most important source of energy for life on Earth. The Sun's radius is about , or 109 times that of Earth. Its mass is about 330,000 times that of Earth, comprising about 99.86% of the total mass of the Solar System. Roughly three-quarters of the Sun's mass consists of hydrogen (~73%); the rest is mostly helium (~25%), with much smaller quantities of heavier elements, including oxygen, carbon, neon, and iron. The Sun is a G-type main-sequence star (G2V). As such, it is informally, and not completely accurately, referred to as a yellow dwarf (its light is actually white). It formed approximately 4.6 billionAll numbers in this article are short scale. One billion is 109, or 1,000,000,000. years ago from the gravitat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gulf Oil
Gulf Oil was a major global oil company in operation from 1901 to 1985. The eighth-largest American manufacturing company in 1941 and the ninth-largest in 1979, Gulf Oil was one of the so-called Seven Sisters oil companies. Prior to its merger with Standard Oil of California, Gulf was one of the chief instruments of the Mellon family fortune; both Gulf and Mellon Financial had their headquarters in Pittsburgh, with Gulf's headquarters, the Gulf Tower, being Pittsburgh's tallest building until the completion of the U.S. Steel Tower. Gulf Oil Corporation (GOC) ceased to exist as an independent company in 1985, when it merged with Standard Oil of California (SOCAL), with both re-branding as Chevron in the United States. Gulf Canada, Gulf's main Canadian subsidiary, was sold the same year with retail outlets to Ultramar and Petro-Canada and what became Gulf Canada Resources to Olympia & York. However, the Gulf brand name and a number of the constituent business divisions of GOC ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Replenishment Oiler
A replenishment oiler or replenishment tanker is a naval auxiliary ship with fuel tanks and dry cargo holds which can supply both fuel and dry stores during underway replenishment (UNREP) at sea. Many countries have used replenishment oilers. The United States Navy's hull classification symbol for this type of ship was AOR. Replenishment oilers are slower and carry fewer dry stores than the U.S. Navy's modern fast combat support ships, which carry the classification AOE. History The development of the "oiler" paralleled the change from coal- to oil-fired boilers in warships. Prior to the adoption of oil fired machinery, navies could extend the range of their ships either by maintaining coaling stations or for warships to raft together with colliers and for coal to be manhandled aboard. Though arguments related to fuel security were made against such a change, the ease with which liquid fuel could be transferred led in part to its adoption by navies worldwide. One of the first ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
T-2 Tanker
The T2 tanker, or T2, was a class of oil tanker constructed and produced in large quantities in the United States during World War II. Only the T3 tankers were larger "navy oilers" of the period. Some 533 T2s were built between 1940 and the end of 1945. They were used to transport fuel oil, diesel fuel, gasoline and sometimes black oil-crude oil. Post war many T2s remained in use; like other hastily built World War II ships pressed into peacetime service, there were safety concerns. As was found during the war, the United States Coast Guard Marine Board of Investigation in 1952 stated that in cold weather the ships were prone to metal fatigue cracking, so were "belted" with steel straps. This occurred after two T2s, and , split in two off Cape Cod within hours of each other. ''Pendleton''s sinking is memorialized in '' The Finest Hours''. Engineering inquiries into the problem suggested the cause was poor welding techniques. It was found the steel (that had been successfully used ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
USS Indra (ARL-37)
USS ''Indra'' (ARL-37) was one of 39 landing craft repair ships built for the United States Navy during World War II. Named for Indra (the god of weather and war, and lord of Svargaloka in Hinduism), she was the only US Naval vessel to bear the name, and only one of three ships (along with and the Civil War era gunboat ) to be named after a Hindu deity. Construction Originally laid down as ''LST-1147'' on 12 February 1945; reclassified while building and launched as ''ARL-37'' by Chicago Bridge & Iron Company, of Seneca, Illinois, 21 May 1945; sponsored by Mrs. Regina K. Hlubek; placed in reduced commission and brought to Bethlehem Key Highway Shipyard, Baltimore, for conversion, and commissioned 2 October 1945. Service history After shakedown, ''Indra'' sailed to Green Cove Springs, Florida, where she remained from 30 November 1945, until 8 May 1946. She then steamed through the Panama Canal to San Diego, arriving 4 June 1946. The ship remained in California until depar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
USS Patroclus
USS ''Patroclus'' (ARL-19) was laid down as a United States Navy but converted to one of 39 s that were used for repairing landing craft during World War II. Named for Patroclus (a Homeric character; a beloved of Achilles, slain by Hector while fighting in Achilles' armor), she was the only US Naval vessel to bear the name. Construction ''LST–955'' was laid down on 22 September 1944, at Hingham, Massachusetts, by the Bethlehem-Hingham Shipyard; launched 22 October 1944; and placed in reduced commission 13 November 1944, to proceed to Baltimore, Maryland; decommissioned on 27 November; converted to an ARL at the Bethlehem Key Highway Shipyard; and commissioned in full 17 April 1945. Service history Following shakedown in Chesapeake Bay, ''Patroclus'' departed the east coast 22 May 1945, transited the Panama Canal, and steamed to San Francisco for final outfitting. Steaming westward 2 July, the landing craft repair ship arrived at Saipan 7 August, and reported for duty with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
USS Numitor (ARL-17)
USS ''Numitor'' (ARL-17) was to be laid down as an but was instead laid down as one of 39 s landing craft repair ships built for the United States Navy during World War II. Named for Numitor (in Roman mythology, King Numitor of Alba Longa, son of Procas, and the father of Rhea Silvia), she was the only US Naval vessel to bear the name. Construction ''LST-954'' was redesignated ARL-17 and named ''Numitor'' on 14 August 1944. ''Numitor'' was laid down on 19 September 1944, at Hingham, Massachusetts, by the Bethlehem-Hingham Shipyard; launched on 18 October 1944. After conversion by Bethlehem Key Highway Shipyard, Baltimore, Maryland, she was commissioned on 3 April 1945. Service history After shakedown in Chesapeake Bay, the landing-craft repair ship departed Norfolk, Virginia 12 May 1945; transited the Panama Canal; received additional gear on the West Coast, sailed via Pearl Harbor, the Marshall Islands, and Caroline Islands, and reached Okinawa, 10 August 1945. With the e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
USS Menelaus (ARL-13)
USS ''Menelaus'' (ARL-13) was laid down as a United States Navy but converted to one of 39 s that were used for repairing landing craft during World War II. Named for Menelaus (in Greek mythology, a son of Atreus, king of Ancient Sparta, husband of Helen and younger brother to Agamemnon), she was the only US Naval vessel to bear the name. Construction ''LST-971'' was laid down on 17 November 1944, at Hingham, Massachusetts, by the Bethlehem-Hingham Shipyard; launched 20 December 1944; sponsored by Mrs. William Cosgrove; and placed in reduced commission 15 January 1945. Proceeding to Baltimore, Maryland, she decommissioned on 29 January; was converted to an ARL at the Bethlehem Key Highway Shipyard; and commissioned in full as ''Menelaus'' (ARL 13) 29 May 1945. Service history World War II Having completed shakedown and fitting out by 2 July, the landing craft repair ship headed north to Davisville, Rhode Island, to take on pontoons for transport to forward areas. On 7 Ju ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LCVP (United States)
The landing craft, vehicle, personnel (LCVP) or Higgins boat was a landing craft used extensively by the Allies of World War II, Allied forces in amphibious landings in World War II. Typically constructed from plywood, this shallow-draft, barge-like boat could ferry a roughly platoon-sized complement of 36 men to shore at 9 knot (unit), knots (17 km/h). Men generally entered the boat by climbing down a cargo net hung from the side of their troopship, troop transport; they exited by charging down the boat's lowered bow (ship), bow ramp. Designer Andrew Higgins based it on boats made for operating in swamps and marshes. More than 23,358 were built, by Higgins Industries and licensees.Herman, Arthur. ''Freedom's Forge: How American Business Produced Victory in World War II''.New York: Random House. . pp. 204-206. Taking the last letter of the LCVP designation, sailors often nicknamed the Higgins Boat the "Papa Boat" or "Peter Boat" to differentiate it from other landing craft ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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