|
Sirianus
Sirianus was the Byzantine Empire, Byzantine catapan of Italy, the second appointed by the Emperor Constantine X Doukas. He arrived in Bari, the seat of the catapanate, in 1061 or 1062, replacing Marules, who had been appointed the previous year. Constantine was the last emperor who took an interest in recovering ground in Italy, but Sirianus was on the defensive against the County of Apulia, Norman state and recovered no territory.Jules Gay''L'Italie méridionale et l'empire Byzantin''(New York: Burt Franklin, 1904), p. 526. According to the annals of Lupus Protospatharius, the Norman duke Robert Guiscard captured Oria, Apulia, Oria and Brindisi in the year of his appointment and Taranto in the following year.William J. Churchill''The Annales Barenses and the Annales Lupi Protospatharii: Critical Edition and Commentary'' PhD dissertation (University of Toronto, 1979), pp. 144–145. He was succeeded in 1064 by Abulchares.Vera von Falkenhausen, ''Untersuchungen über die byzantinische ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marules
MarulesVera von Falkenhausen, ''Untersuchungen über die byzantinische Herrschaft in Süditalien vom 9. bis ins 11. Jahrhundert'' (O. Harrassowitz, 1967), p. 94, notes that the rare name Marules is attested from the 10th century.André Guillou, "Production and Profits in the Byzantine Province of Italy (Tenth to Eleventh Centuries): An Expanding Society", ''Dumbarton Oaks Papers'' 28 (1974), p. 108. .William J. Churchill''The Annales Barenses and the Annales Lupi Protospatharii: Critical Edition and Commentary'' PhD dissertation (University of Toronto, 1979), p. 312. (also spelled MarolosFerdinand Chalandon''Histoire de la domination normande en Italie et en Sicile: Tome premier''(Paris : Alphonse Picard, 1907), pp. 174–176. or MaruliJules Gay''L'Italie méridionale et l'empire Byzantin''(New York: Burt Franklin, 1904), p. 526.) was the Byzantine Empire, Byzantine catepan of Italy in 1060/1061. Appointed by the Emperor Constantine X, he arrived in Bari between 1 September 1060 and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abulchares
Abulchares ( el, Αβουλχαρέ, la, Apochara; died 1068) was a Byzantine general of Arab origin who served as the catepan of Italy from 1064 until his death. The chief sources for his catapanate are ''Skylitzes Continuatus'' and '' Anonymi Barensis Chronicon''. ''Skylitzes Continuatus'' records that Abulchares was also duke ('' doux'') of Dyrrhachium across the Adriatic, but this is chronologically impossible, since Perenos is recorded as duke at this time. Abulchares arrived in southern Italy in 1064, when the Normans were in control of much of the former Catepanate. His task was to travel about Apulia shoring up the defences of the scattered towns still loyal to the Byzantines. In 1064, he took Herman of Hauteville as a hostage for the loyalty of his brother, Abelard of Hauteville, who had rebelled with Byzantine support against their uncle, Duke Robert Guiscard, over a disputed inheritance. The rebellion was quickly put down. In 1066 an army was sent to Italy under Ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constantine X Doukas
Constantine X Doukas or Ducas ( el, Κωνσταντῖνος Δούκας, ''Kōnstantinos X Doukas'', 1006 – 23 May 1067), was Byzantine emperor from 1059 to 1067. He was the founder and first ruling member of the Doukid dynasty. During his reign, the Normans took over much of the remaining Byzantine territories in Italy while in the Balkans the Hungarians occupied Belgrade. He also suffered defeats by the Seljuk sultan Alp Arslan. Reign Constantine's parents are not mentioned in any primary sources, but some scholars theorize that he was the son of Andronikos Doukas, a nobleman who served as ''strategos'' of Preslav during the reign of Basil II (). Historians often give his bithdate as 1006, as he is said to have died aged "slightly over sixty years". He was an academic, addicted to endless debates about philosophy and theology, and he gained influence after he married, as his second wife, Eudokia Makrembolitissa, a niece of Patriarch Michael Keroularios.Kazhdan 199 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catepan Of Italy
The Catepanate (or Catapanate) of Italy ( el, ''Katepaníkion Italías'') was a province of the Byzantine Empire from 965 until 1071. At its greatest extent, it comprised mainland Italy south of a line drawn from Monte Gargano to the Gulf of Salerno. North of that line, Amalfi and Naples also maintained allegiance to Constantinople through the catepan. The Italian region of ''Capitanata'' derives its name from '' katepanikion''. History Following the fall of the Exarchate of Ravenna in 751, Byzantium had been absent from the affairs of southern Italy for almost a century, but the accession of Basil I (reigned 867–886) to the throne of Constantinople changed this: from 868 on, the imperial fleet and Byzantine diplomats were employed in an effort to secure the Adriatic Sea from Saracen raids, re-establish Byzantine dominance over Dalmatia, and extend Byzantine control once more over parts of Italy. As a result of these efforts, Otranto was taken from the Saracens in 873, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catapan Of Italy
The Catepanate (or Catapanate) of Italy ( el, ''Katepaníkion Italías'') was a Theme (Byzantine district), province of the Byzantine Empire from 965 until 1071. At its greatest extent, it comprised mainland Italy south of a line drawn from Monte Gargano to the Gulf of Salerno. North of that line, Amalfi and Naples also maintained allegiance to Constantinople through the catepan. The Italian region of ''Capitanata'' derives its name from ''katepanikion''. History Following the fall of the Exarchate of Ravenna in 751, Byzantium had been absent from the affairs of southern Italy for almost a century, but the accession of Basil I (reigned 867–886) to the throne of Constantinople changed this: from 868 on, the Byzantine navy, imperial fleet and Byzantine diplomats were employed in an effort to secure the Adriatic Sea from Saracen raids, re-establish Byzantine dominance over Dalmatia, and extend Byzantine control once more over parts of Italy. As a result of these efforts, Otrant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire primarily in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople. It survived the fragmentation and fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD and continued to exist for an additional thousand years until the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire in 1453. During most of its existence, the empire remained the most powerful economic, cultural, and military force in Europe. The terms "Byzantine Empire" and "Eastern Roman Empire" were coined after the end of the realm; its citizens continued to refer to their empire as the Roman Empire, and to themselves as Romans—a term which Greeks continued to use for themselves into Ottoman times. Although the Roman state continued and its traditions were maintained, modern historians prefer to differentiate the Byzantine Empire from Ancient Rome ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Byzantine Greek
Medieval Greek (also known as Middle Greek, Byzantine Greek, or Romaic) is the stage of the Greek language between the end of classical antiquity in the 5th–6th centuries and the end of the Middle Ages, conventionally dated to the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople in 1453. From the 7th century onwards, Greek was the only language of administration and government in the Byzantine Empire. This stage of language is thus described as Byzantine Greek. The study of the Medieval Greek language and literature is a branch of Byzantine studies, the study of the history and culture of the Byzantine Empire. The beginning of Medieval Greek is occasionally dated back to as early as the 4th century, either to 330 AD, when the political centre of the Roman Empire was moved to Constantinople, or to 395 AD, the division of the empire. However, this approach is rather arbitrary as it is more an assumption of political, as opposed to cultural and linguistic, developments. Indeed, by this time ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ludovico Antonio Muratori
Lodovico Antonio Muratori (21 October 1672 – 23 January 1750) was an Italian historian, notable as a leading scholar of his age, and for his discovery of the Muratorian fragment, the earliest known list of New Testament books. Biography Born to a poor family in Vignola, near Modena, he was first instructed by the Jesuits, studied law, philosophy, and theology at the University of Modena, and was ordained a priest in 1694. The following year, Count Charles Borromeo called him to the college of "Dottori" at the Ambrosian Library in Milan, where he immediately started collecting unedited ancient writings of various kinds. His first publication was the ''Anecdota Latina ex Ambrosianæ Bibliothecæ codicibus'' (2 vols., Milan, 1697–98), followed by two other volumes (Padua, 1713). Duke Rinaldo I (1700) appointed him archivist and librarian in Modena's Ducal library, which position he held until his death in that city. In 1716 Muratori became, in addition, provost of Santa Mar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Byzantine Calendar
The Byzantine calendar, also called the Roman calendar, the Creation Era of Constantinople or the Era of the World ( grc, Ἔτη Γενέσεως Κόσμου κατὰ Ῥωμαίους, also or , abbreviated as ε.Κ.; literal translation of Ancient Greek Roman year since the creation of the universe), was the calendar used by the Eastern Orthodox Church from c. 691 to 1728 in the Ecumenical Patriarchate. "Οικουμενικόν Πατριαρχείον", ΘΗΕ, τόμ. 09, εκδ. Μαρτίνος Αθ., Αθήνα 1966, στ. 778. "Ecumenical Patriarchate". ''Religious and Ethical Encyclopedia''. Vol. 9., Athens, 1966. p. 778. It was also the official calendar of the Byzantine Empire from 988 to 1453 and of Kievan Rus' and Russia from c. 988 to 1700. This calendar was used also in other areas of the Byzantine commonwealth such as in Serbia, where it is found in old Serbian legal documents such as Dušan's Code, thus being referred to as the Serbian Calendar as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anonymi Barensis Chronicon
''Anonymi Barensis Chronicon'' is a medieval Italian annalistic chronicle. Composed in Latin by an anonymous author from Bari in the first quarter of the 12th century, it covers the years 855–1118, concentrating first and foremost on the events in Bari and Apulia. The First Crusade is followed in some detail, however, as are the Byzantine affairs. ''Anonymi Barensis Chronicon'' has much content in common with two other Bariot chronicles, '' Annales Barenses'' and, especially, '' Annales Lupi Protospatharii'' (with which it also shares the beginning). Therefore, all three are assumed to be based on some older chronicle that no longer survives. The ''Chronicon'' becomes more detailed from the 1040s on, also diverging in coverage from the other chronicles. No medieval copy of ''Anonymi Barensis Chronicon'' is known. The survival of the chronicle is due to the 17th-century Italian historian Camillo Pellegrino who transcribed the text from a manuscript in Salerno and publishe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Latin
Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the Roman Republic it became the dominant language in the Italian region and subsequently throughout the Roman Empire. Even after the fall of Western Rome, Latin remained the common language of international communication, science, scholarship and academia in Europe until well into the 18th century, when other regional vernaculars (including its own descendants, the Romance languages) supplanted it in common academic and political usage, and it eventually became a dead language in the modern linguistic definition. Latin is a highly inflected language, with three distinct genders (masculine, feminine, and neuter), six or seven noun cases (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, ablative, and vocative), five declensions, four verb conjuga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taranto
Taranto (, also ; ; nap, label= Tarantino, Tarde; Latin: Tarentum; Old Italian: ''Tarento''; Ancient Greek: Τάρᾱς) is a coastal city in Apulia, Southern Italy. It is the capital of the Province of Taranto, serving as an important commercial port as well as the main Italian naval base. Founded by Spartans in the 8th century BC during the period of Greek colonisation, Taranto was among the most important in Magna Graecia, becoming a cultural, economic and military power that gave birth to philosophers, strategists, writers and athletes such as Archytas, Aristoxenus, Livius Andronicus, Heracleides, Iccus, Cleinias, Leonidas, Lysis and Sosibius. By 500 BC, the city was among the largest in the world, with a population estimated up to 300,000 people. The seven-year rule of Archytas marked the apex of its development and recognition of its hegemony over other Greek colonies of southern Italy. During the Norman period, it became the capital of the Principality of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.png "Click for more on -> Catepan Of Italy"){kind=spacer}
.jpg "Click for more on -> Anonymi Barensis Chronicon")
