Siping-siping
Siping-siping, simping-simping, or sisimping, is a type of armor used in Java. It is a short sleeveless jacket made of scale-shaped metal plates. Description Unlike the kawaca which was only worn by high-ranking warriors, this battle outfit was mostly worn by infantry soldiers. It is usually defined as scale armor, Suryo Supomo interprets it as a metal plated jacket. Those who proved themselves in battle mentioned in the ''Nawanatya'' (a court etiquette manual composed in the 14th century) had jackets "decorated with shell discs". Several Javanese text indicated that some are made of brass. At first the word ''siping''-''siping'' referred to a type of sea shell and its shell. It first appeared in the Kadiri (1042–1222) texts. In Modern Javanese, the word ''simping'' still refers to a kind of oyster shell. According to the Great Indonesian Dictionary, ''simping'' is "a scallop whose shell is round, flat and thin, one shell is red and more convex than the other shell which is wh ...
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Scale Armour
Scale armour (or scale mail) is an early form of armour consisting of many individual small armour scales (plates) of various shapes attached to each other and to a backing of cloth or leather in overlapping rows.''Armed Batavians: Use and Significance of Weaponry and Horse Gear from Non-military Contexts in the Rhine Delta (50 Bc to Ad 450)''
Author Johan Nicolay, Publisher Amsterdam University Press, 2008, , Scale armour was worn by warriors of many different cultures as well as their horses. The material used to make the sc ...
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239 Krishnayana Reliefs (25560173967)
39 may refer to: * 39 (number), the natural number following 38 and preceding 40 * one of the years: ** 39 BC ** AD 39 ** 1939 ** 2039 * ''39'' (album), a 2000 studio album by Mikuni Shimokawa * "'39", a 1975 song by Queen * "Thirty Nine", a song by Karma to Burn from the album ''Almost Heathen'', 2001 * ''Thirty-Nine ''Thirty-Nine'' () is a 2022 South Korean television series directed by Kim Sang-ho and starring Son Ye-jin, Jeon Mi-do, and Kim Ji-hyun. The series revolves around the life, friendship, romances, and love of three friends who are about to tur ...

Baru Öröba
Baru Öröba is a traditional armor of the Nias people in Indonesia. The earliest examples of this type of armor were made out of crocodile skin. After crocodile can no longer be found on Nias, the material is replaced with hammered metal. Description Oroba is a native vest-shaped armor from Nias island. The older ones that were made by crocodile skin are called öroba uli mbuaya. They are made from 11 pieces of crocodile skin that are connected with the ösumö technique. A piece of crocodile's back skin with dermal frills becomes the main part because it is used as the backside material of the vest and its size is bigger than other pieces of skin. Two pieces of skin that are large enough becomes the cover of chest to the waist, two pieces of curved skin turned into a shoulder cover. Another pair of the crocodile skin, each were used to cover the vest starting from the side of the body, armpits, and backside of the neck. Through a certain process, the crocodile's skin becomes s ...
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Body Armor
Body armor, also known as body armour, personal armor or armour, or a suit or coat of armor, is protective clothing designed to absorb or deflect physical attacks. Historically used to protect military personnel, today it is also used by various types of police (riot police in particular), private security guards or bodyguards, and occasionally ordinary civilians. Today there are two main types: regular non-plated body armor for moderate to substantial protection, and hard-plate reinforced body armor for maximum protection, such as used by combat soldiers. History Many factors have affected the development of personal armor throughout human history. Significant factors in the development of armor include the economic and technological necessities of armor production. For instance full plate armor first appeared in Medieval Europe when water-powered trip hammers made the formation of plates faster and cheaper. At times the development of armor has run parallel to the develo ...
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Asian Armour
Asian may refer to: * Items from or related to the continent of Asia: ** Asian people, people in or descending from Asia ** Asian culture, the culture of the people from Asia ** Asian cuisine, food based on the style of food of the people from Asia ** Asian (cat), a cat breed similar to the Burmese but in a range of different coat colors and patterns * Asii (also Asiani), a historic Central Asian ethnic group mentioned in Roman-era writings * Asian option, a type of option contract in finance * Asyan, a village in Iran See also * * * East Asia * South Asia * Southeast Asia * Asiatic (other) Asiatic refers to something related to Asia. Asiatic may also refer to: * Asiatic style, a term in ancient stylistic criticism associated with Greek writers of Asia Minor * In the context of Ancient Egypt, beyond the borders of Egypt and the cont ...

Indonesian Inventions
This list of Indonesian inventions and discoveries details the indigenous arts and techniques, cultural inventions, scientific discoveries and contributions of the people of Indonesian archipelago — both ancient and modern state of Indonesia. As a developing nation, currently Indonesia suffers a shortage of scientific personnel and engineers. The lack of research and development, also hampers Indonesia's comparative competitiveness. Nevertheless, despite the shortcomings, its people and government continues their efforts to advance the nation's science and technology sectors. Among other things, by promoting innovation and technology through Indonesia Science Day. Since ancient times, native Indonesians has accumulated knowledge and developed technology stemmed from necessities; from naval navigation knowledge, traditional shipbuilding technology, textile techniques, food processing to vernacular house building. Notable examples include jong, pinisi, perahu, Borobudur ship a ...
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Kawaca
Kawaca is a term for war attire mentioned in Old Javanese texts. Its name comes from the Sanskrit ''kawaca'' which means armor, cuirass, a type of chain mail, any kind of cover, corset, jacket. Description Petrus Josephus Zoetmulder, in his Old Javanese-English dictionary, defines kawaca as a chain mail, possibly shaped like a jacket, which is made of metal. The word also has a second meaning, namely the shirt worn by the clergy. Irawan Djoko Nugroho argues that in a military context, kawaca means armor. It is shaped like a long tube and is made of cast copper. According to Jiří Jákl, kawaca was a metal breastplate worn on the upper body of a high-ranking soldier. In high Balinese language, ''kwaca'' or ''kuwaca'' is a general term for a jacket, although it used to mean armor in Old Javanese. See also * Baju rantai * Baju lamina * Baju empurau * Baru Oroba * Baru lema'a * Siping-siping * Karambalangan Karambalangan is a type of personal armor from Java. It is a metal coat ...
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Karambalangan
Karambalangan is a type of personal armor from Java. It is a metal coating worn in front of the chest or breastplate. History Karambalangan was recorded in the ''Kidung'' ''Panji Wijayakrama-Rangga Lawe'' (written as early as 1334 AD), which mentioned that Ranggalawe wore ''karambalangan manik'' (jeweled karambalangan) when he rebelled against Majapahit (1295 AD).Berg, C.C. (1930). Rangga Lawe: Middeljavaansche Historische Roman: Critisch uitgegeven'. Batavia: Kon. Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen (''Bibliotheca Javanica'', 1). Emperor Raden Wijaya in that kidung was recorded using golden ''karambalangan manik''. In the ''Kidung Sundayana'', it is written that Gajah Mada before the Bubat tragedy wore a karambalangan (a metal plate on the front of the chest—breastplate) decorated with gold emboss, armed with a gold-plated spear, and a shield decorated with diamonds. See also * Baju rantai * Baju lamina * Baju empurau * Baru Oroba * Baru lema'a * Siping-s ...
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Baru Lema'a
The Baru Lema'a is a traditional armor from Indonesia. Description The Baru Lema'a is made in the form of a vest. It consists of the braided, coarse fibers of the Iluk plant. The fibers are braided and the strands are connected again side by side. It has neither sleeves nor a collar. In the neck area a surface is protruding which is similar to two connected circles. This serves to protect the neck from blows. The vest is heavy and inflexible. It is used by ethnic groups from Indonesia.Albert G. van Zonneveld: ''Traditional weapons of the Indonesian archipelago.'' C. Zwartenkot Art Books, Leiden 2001, . See also * Baju lamina * Baju empurau * Baju rantai * Baru Oroba * Karambalangan * Kawaca * Siping-siping Siping-siping, simping-simping, or sisimping, is a type of armor used in Java. It is a short sleeveless jacket made of scale-shaped metal plates. Description Unlike the kawaca which was only worn by high-ranking warriors, this battle outfit was ... References Fur ...
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Baju Lamina
The baju lamina (also known as lamena by Bugis, sa 'dan by Toraja, lamina or laminah by Malays) is a mail and plate armor from the Nusantara archipelago (Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, and Philippines). Description The baju lamina is a chain armor that is worked in the form of a vest. The back portion consist of small rectangular brass plates, the front of brass rings. Several rectangular brass plates are attached to the brass rings, which extend from the height of the collarbone to about the lower edge of the last costal arch. The brass plates serve to reinforce the chain armor at the level of the more vulnerable chest and pelvis. The baju lamina has neither sleeves nor a collar.Albert G. van Zonneveld: ''Traditional weapons of the Indonesian archipelago.'' C. Zwartenkot Art Books, Leiden 2001, , p. 28. One of the earliest references to this armor is after the conquest of Malacca by Portuguese (1511). The son of Afonso de Albuquerque mentioned the armament of Malacca: Around the ...
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Baju Empurau
The Baju Empurau (also known in English language as "war jacket") is an armour from Indonesia. Description The Baju Empurau is a kind of armor that is made of materials found in nature. It consists of fish scales and tree bark. The larger fish scales are attached to the lower vest with split rattan fibers, the smaller ones with a fixed string made from plant fibers. The lower vest consists of interwoven layers of tree bark. The vest has no sleeves, no collar and is provided with a semicircular shape in the neck area, which serves to protect the neck from blows. It is used by the Sea Dayak ethnic group.Albert G. van Zonneveld: ''Traditional weapons of the Indonesian archipelago.'' C. Zwartenkot Art Books, Leiden 2001, , p. 28. See also *Baju lamina *Baju rantai *Baru Öröba *Baru lema'a *Karambalangan *Kawaca *Siping-siping Siping-siping, simping-simping, or sisimping, is a type of armor used in Java. It is a short sleeveless jacket made of scale-shaped metal plates. Descri ...
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Java
Java (; id, Jawa, ; jv, ꦗꦮ; su, ) is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea to the north. With a population of 151.6 million people, Java is the world's List of islands by population, most populous island, home to approximately 56% of the Demographics of Indonesia, Indonesian population. Indonesia's capital city, Jakarta, is on Java's northwestern coast. Many of the best known events in Indonesian history took place on Java. It was the centre of powerful Hindu-Buddhist empires, the Islamic sultanates, and the core of the colonial Dutch East Indies. Java was also the center of the History of Indonesia, Indonesian struggle for independence during the 1930s and 1940s. Java dominates Indonesia politically, economically and culturally. Four of Indonesia's eight UNESCO world heritage sites are located in Java: Ujung Kulon National Park, Borobudur Temple, Prambanan Temple, and Sangiran Early Man Site. ...
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