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Siege Of Albazin
The siege of Albazin was a military conflict between the Tsardom of Russia and Qing China from 1685 to 1686. It ultimately ended in the surrender of Albazin to Qing China and Russian abandonment of the Amur River area in return for trading privileges in Beijing. Background After the Battle of Hutong (1658), the Russians made no formal attempt to gain control of the Amur River valley. However they did actively compete with the Manchus for the allegiance of nearby peoples. In 1667, the Hamnigan Buryat leader Gantimur refused a Qing request to join them in military operations against the Russians and went over to the other side. The Qing tried to win him back with gifts, and when that didn't work, demanded that the Russians extradite him, which also didn't work. The Qing were unable to immediately mount a military expedition against the Russians at this time due to being hampered by a lack of supplies in the Amur region. Russian territory west of Lake Baikal was consolidated in 16 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sino-Russian Border Conflicts
The Sino-Russian border conflicts (1652–1689) were a series of intermittent skirmishes between the Qing dynasty of China, with assistance from the Joseon dynasty of Korea, and the Tsardom of Russia by the Cossacks in which the latter tried and failed to gain the land north of the Amur River with disputes over the Amur region. The hostilities culminated in the Qing siege of the Cossack fort of Albazin in 1686 and resulted in the Treaty of Nerchinsk in 1689 which gave the land to China. Background The southeast corner of Siberia south of the Stanovoy Range was twice contested between Russia and China. Hydrologically, the Stanovoy Range separates the rivers that flow north into the Arctic from those that flow south into the Amur River. Ecologically, the area is the southeastern edge of the Siberian boreal forest with some areas good for agriculture. Socially and politically, from about 600 AD, it was the northern fringe of the Chinese-Manchu world. Various Chinese dynasties ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lithuania
Lithuania (; lt, Lietuva ), officially the Republic of Lithuania ( lt, Lietuvos Respublika, links=no ), is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea. Lithuania shares land borders with Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east and south, Poland to the south, and Russia to the southwest. It has a Maritime boundary, maritime border with Sweden to the west on the Baltic Sea. Lithuania covers an area of , with a population of 2.8 million. Its capital and largest city is Vilnius; other major cities are Kaunas and Klaipėda. Lithuanians belong to the ethno-linguistic group of the Balts and speak Lithuanian language, Lithuanian, one of only a few living Baltic languages. For millennia the southeastern shores of the Baltic Sea were inhabited by various Balts, Baltic tribes. In the 1230s, Lithuanian lands were united by Mindaugas, Monarchy of Lithuania, becoming king and founding the Kingdom of Lithuania ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hongyipao
''Hongyipao'' (; vi, hồng di pháo) was the Chinese name for European-style muzzle-loading culverins introduced to China and Korea from the Portuguese colony of Macau and by the Hendrick Hamel expedition to Joseon in the early 17th century. Name The term "red barbarian cannon" derives from the weapons' supposed Dutch origins, as the Dutch were called "red haired barbarians" in southern China. However, the cannons were originally produced by the Portuguese at Macau, with the exception of two cannons dredged up from a Dutch ship in 1621. The Dutch ship may have been in fact an English ship and the cannons had English coats of arms. The English ship ''Unicorn'' sank near Macau. The Jurchens renamed the "red barbarian cannon" to "red coat cannon" () when it entered their arsenal because they found the term "barbarian" to be insulting, and were known as such in the Manchu Eight Banners. History Breech loading swivel cannons from Portugal entered the Chinese weaponry after a Mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lesser Khingan
Lesser Khingan (; russian: Малый Хинган, ''Maly Khingan'') is a mountain range in China's Heilongjiang province and the adjacent parts of Russia's Amur Oblast and Jewish Autonomous Oblast.Малый Хинган '''' in 30 vols. — Ch. ed. . - 3rd ed. - M. Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978. (in Russian) In Russia, the range is part of the . Geo ...
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Greater Khingan
The Greater Khingan Range or Da Hinggan Range (; IPA: ), is a -long volcanic mountain range in the Inner Mongolia region of Northeast China. It was originally called the Xianbei Mountains, which later became the name of the northern branch of the Donghu, the Xianbei. Geography The range extends from north to south. It is the watershed between the Nen and Songhua river systems to the east, and the Amur and its tributaries to the northwest. Population Its slopes are a relatively rich grazing area. The Khitan people lived on the eastern slopes before establishing the Liao Dynasty in the tenth century. Oroqen, a Tungusic people, live along the Greater and Lesser Khingan range in northeastern China and belong to the oldest autochthonus populations of the region. On the western slopes lived the nomadic people, who raised sheep and camels and used the Mongolian plateau for their pastoralist economy. In Fiction The Greater Khingan Range is a key setting in the science fiction novel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jilin City
Jilin City (), alternately romanized as Kirin, is the second-largest city and former capital of Jilin province in northeast China. As of the 2020 census, 3,623,713 people resided within its administrative area of and 1,895,865 in its built-up (''or metro'') area consisting of four urban districts. A prefecture-level city, it is the only major city nationally that shares its name with its province. Jilin City is also known as the ''River City'' because of the Songhua River surrounding much of the city. In 2007, it co-hosted the Asian Winter Games. History Jilin City is one of the oldest cities in Northeast China. During the reign of the Yongle Emperor in the Ming dynasty, efforts were made to expand Ming control throughout all of Manchuria. Mighty river fleets were built and sailed several times from Jilin City, getting the chieftains of the local tribes to swear allegiance to the Ming rulers.Shih-shan Henry Tsai, ''The Eunuchs in the Ming Dynasty''. SUNY Press, 1996. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nenjiang City
Nenjiang City (), formerly Nenjiang County, is a county-level city under the administration of Heihe prefecture-level city in northwestern Heilongjiang province, China. It is located on the river of the same name (Nen River), which also forms part of the provincial border with Inner Mongolia, more than southwest of the urban area of Heihe. The city seat is Nenjiang Town. Land area , population 500,000. History Nenjiang (also known as Mergen at the time) was the capital (seat of the Military Governor) of Heilongjiang Province in 1690–1699. Geography and climate Nenjiang has a monsoon-influenced humid continental climate (Köppen ''Dwb''), with long, harsh, but dry winters, and short, very warm summers. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from in January to in July; the year averages out at only . Around 80% of the annual precipitation occurs from June to September. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 53% in July to 74% in February, sunshine is gener ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aigun
Aigun (; Manchu: ''aihūn hoton''; ) was a historic Chinese town in northern Manchuria, situated on the right bank of the Amur River, some south (downstream) from the central urban area of Heihe (which is across the Amur from the mouth of the Zeya River and Blagoveschensk).Aihui Town on Google Maps The Chinese name of the town, which literally means "Bright Jade", is a transliteration of the Manchu (or ) name of the town. Today the former city of Aigun is called |
Moscow
Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million residents within the city limits, over 17 million residents in the urban area, and over 21.5 million residents in the metropolitan area. The city covers an area of , while the urban area covers , and the metropolitan area covers over . Moscow is among the world's largest cities; being the most populous city entirely in Europe, the largest urban and metropolitan area in Europe, and the largest city by land area on the European continent. First documented in 1147, Moscow grew to become a prosperous and powerful city that served as the capital of the Grand Duchy that bears its name. When the Grand Duchy of Moscow evolved into the Tsardom of Russia, Moscow remained the political and economic center for most of the Tsardom's history. When th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nerchinsk
Nerchinsk ( rus, Не́рчинск; bua, Нэршүү, ''Nershüü''; mn, Нэрчүү, ''Nerchüü''; mnc, m=, v=Nibcu, a=Nibqu; zh, t=涅尔琴斯克（尼布楚）, p=Niè'ěrqínsīkè (Níbùchǔ)) is a town and the administrative center of Nerchinsky District in Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia, located on the left bank of the Nercha River, above its confluence with the Shilka River, east of Lake Baikal, about west of the Chinese border, and east of Chita, the administrative center of the krai. Population: 6,713 (1897). Town name in other languages Two important treaties between the Russian Empire and Manchu China mention Nerchinsk: the 1689 Treaty of Nerchinsk and the 1727 Treaty of Kyakhta. Non-Russian comments on these treaties or on the history of the town may mention other names: *Latin: Nipchou or Nipcha (however, the Treaty of Kyakhta called the town Nipkoa) *Manchu: Nibcu hoton *Chinese: 尼布楚; Pinyin: Níbùchǔ History The fort of Nerchinsk dates ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ilimsk
Ilimsk (russian: link=no, Илимск) was a small town in Siberia, within today's Irkutsk Oblast of Russia. The town was flooded by the Ust-Ilimsk Reservoir in the mid-1970s. Ilimsk was founded in 1630 on the Ilim River, a tributary of the Angara River, as Ilimsky Ostrog (i.e., "Fort Ilim"). From here a portage ran east to the Kuta River which joins the Lena River at Ust-Kut, thereby allowing travel from the Yenisei River basin to that of the Lena River. In early times the Ilimsk Uyezd was one of the few grain-producing areas in Siberia. Around 1700 there were 280 settlements, including seven ostrogs. In 1745 there were 7,605 peasants. Much of the grain was shipped down the Lena to feed the Okhotsk Coast and other areas in eastern Siberia. Grain production shifted south as the area around Irkutsk became more settled. From 1764 to 1775 the town was the administrative center of a district (''okrug'') and had population of around 700 by the end of the 19th century. Alexander ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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