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Shmuel Niger
Shmuel Niger (also Samuel Niger, pen name of Samuel Charney, 1883-1955) was a Yiddish writer, literary critic and historian and was one of the leading figures of Yiddish cultural work and Yiddishism in pre-revolution Russia. Life Shmuel Niger was born Shmuel Ṭsharni on 15 June 1883 in Dukora, a small village in Minsk Governorate, to Zev Volf and Brokhe Tsharni (née Hurwitz). His father, a fervent Lubavitcher Hasid, died in 1889, leaving Shmuel’s mother a widow with five sons (he being the fourth) and a daughter.Leyb Vaserman, "Niger, Shmuel,” in ''Leksikon fun der nayer yidisher literatur'', vol. 6, cols. 190–210 (New York, 1965) Niger’s two younger brothers also achieved renown. Baruch Charney Vladeck (1886–1938) became a leading socialist agitator and theoretician, general manager of ''The Jewish Daily Forward'' and New York City alderman while Daniel Charney (1888–1959) was a celebrated Yiddish poet, writer and journalist. Niger was a child prodigy, studying Ta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pukhavichy Raion
Pukhavichy District (Pukhavichsky Rajon) is a second-level administrative subdivision (raion) of Belarus in the east of Minsk Voblast Minsk Region or Minsk Oblast or Minsk Voblasts ( be, Мі́нская во́бласць, ''Minskaja voblasć'' ; russian: Минская о́бласть, ''Minskaya oblast'') is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, .... The capital of the town is Marjina Horka. Geography ;Main settlements * Marjina Horka (22,500) * Svislač (4,053) * Rudziensk (2,900) * Praŭdzinski (2,900) * Šack * Družny * Puchavičy Notable residents * Michaś Čarot (1896, Rudziensk - 1937), Belarusian poet, playwright, novelist, and a victim of Stalin's purges * Aliaksandr Čarviakoŭ (1892, Dukorki village - 1937), Belarusian politician and publicist * Hienadź Klaŭko (1931, Varoničy village – 1979), Belarusian poet and translator Vykankam Chairpersons The following people held the post at various times. *Siarhei Turko (Се� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vilna
Vilnius ( , ; see also #Etymology and other names, other names) is the capital and List of cities in Lithuania#Cities, largest city of Lithuania, with a population of 592,389 (according to the state register) or 625,107 (according to the municipality of Vilnius). The population of Vilnius's functional urban area, which stretches beyond the city limits, is estimated at 718,507 (as of 2020), while according to the Vilnius territorial health insurance fund, there were 753,875 permanent inhabitants as of November 2022 in Vilnius city and Vilnius district municipalities combined. Vilnius is situated in southeastern Lithuania and is the second-largest city in the Baltic states, but according to the Bank of Latvia is expected to become the largest before 2025. It is the seat of Lithuania's national government and the Vilnius District Municipality. Vilnius is known for the architecture in its Old Town of Vilnius, Old Town, declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1994. The city was #Po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1883 Births
Events January–March * January 4 – ''Life'' magazine is founded in Los Angeles, California, United States. * January 10 – A fire at the Newhall Hotel in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States, kills 73 people. * January 16 – The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act, establishing the United States civil service, is passed. * January 19 – The first electric lighting system employing overhead wires begins service in Roselle, New Jersey, United States, installed by Thomas Edison. * February – '' The Adventures of Pinocchio'' by Carlo Collodi is first published complete in book form, in Italy. * February 15 – Tokyo Electrical Lightning Grid, predecessor of Tokyo Electrical Power (TEPCO), one of the largest electrical grids in Asia and the world, is founded in Japan. * February 16 – The '' Ladies' Home Journal'' is published for the first time, in the United States. * February 23 – Alabama becomes the first U.S. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
YIVO
YIVO (Yiddish: , ) is an organization that preserves, studies, and teaches the cultural history of Jewish life throughout Eastern Europe, Germany, and Russia as well as orthography, lexicography, and other studies related to Yiddish. (The word ''yidisher'' means both "Yiddish" and "Jewish.") Established in 1925 in Wilno in the Second Polish Republic (now Vilnius, Lithuania) as the ''Yidisher Visnshaftlekher Institut'' (Yiddish: , , Yiddish Scientific Institute, its English name became Institute for Jewish Research after its relocation to New York City, but it is still known mainly by its Yiddish acronym. YIVO is now a partner of the Center for Jewish History. Formerly, they had linguists whose main occupation was deciding on grammar rules and new words, and during this time they were seen in the secular world to serve as the recognized language regulator of the Yiddish language. However, YIVO no longer serves this purpose. Nevertheless, the YIVO system is still commonly taught in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New York City
New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States, and is more than twice as populous as second-place Los Angeles. New York City lies at the southern tip of New York State, and constitutes the geographical and demographic center of both the Northeast megalopolis and the New York metropolitan area, the largest metropolitan area in the world by urban landmass. With over 20.1 million people in its metropolitan statistical area and 23.5 million in its combined statistical area as of 2020, New York is one of the world's most populous megacities, and over 58 million people live within of the city. New York City is a global cultural, financial, entertainment, and media center with a significant influence on commerce, health care and life sciences, research, technology, education, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Der Tog
''Der Tog'' ( en, The Day) was a Yiddish-language daily newspaper published in New York City from 1914 until 1971. The offices of ''Der Tog'' were located on the Lower East Side, at 185 and 187 East Broadway. History The newspaper's first issue was on November 5, 1914.A Checklist of Newspapers and Official Gazettes in the New York Public Library " ''Bulletin of the New York Public Library''. Vol. 19, Part 2 (1915): 563. At its peak ''Der Tog'' reached a circulation of 81,000, in 1916. It had a weekly English-language supplement entitled ''The Day'', edited by Marion Weinstein. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zalman Reisen
Zalman Reisen ( yi, זלמן רײזען; 6 October 1887 – 1940), sometimes spelled Zalman Reyzen, was a lexicographer and literary historian of Yiddish literature. Early life Reisen was born in Koydenev (now known as Dzyarzhynsk) in Minsk Governorate (in present-day Belarus) in 1887 to parents interested in the Jewish Enlightenment, or Haskalah. His father wrote poems in Hebrew and Yiddish. His brother, Avrom Reyzen, was a noted Yiddish author and poet. His sister, Sarah Reisen, was also active in Yiddish culture, particularly the Yiddish Writers and Journalists Union of Vilna. He was educated at home, at several different cheders in the area, and attended a Russian state school in Minsk. In 1915, he moved to Vilna, where he would become an active part of the Yiddish intellectual scene as a writer and publisher. Work In 1914, Reisen began to work for the ''Fraind'' newspaper in Warsaw. From 1916 to 1918 he was an editor for the ''Letzte Naies'' in Vilna, and from 1919 h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ber Borochov
Dov Ber Borochov (russian: Дов-Бер Борохов; 3 July 1881 – 17 December 1917) was a Marxist Zionist and one of the founders of the Labor Zionist movement. He was also a pioneer in the study of the Yiddish language. Biography Dov Ber Borochov was born in the town of Zolotonosha, Russian Empire (now in Ukraine), and grew up in nearby Poltava. His mother and father were both teachers. As an adult he joined the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party but was expelled when he formed a Zionist Socialist Workers Union in Yekaterinoslav. After being arrested by the Russian authorities he left for the United States. Subsequently, he helped form the Poale Zion party and devoted his life to promoting the party in Russia, Europe, and America. When the Russian social democrats came to power, Borochov returned to Russia in March 1917 to lead the Poale Zion. He became ill and died in Kiev of pneumonia in December 1917. Ideology Borochov became highly influenti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avrom Reyzen
Avrom Reyzen (Yiddish: אַבֿרהם רייזען; April 8, 1876 – April 2, 1953), known as Abraham Reisen, was a Yiddish writer, poet and editor, and the elder brother of the Yiddishist Zalman Reisen. Reyzen was born in Koidanov (Minsk, eastern Belorussia). Supported by Yaknehoz (pseudonym of Yeshaye Nisn Hakoyen Goldberg), while in his early teens Reyzen sent articles to ''Dos Yudishes folks-blat'' in St Petersburg, Russia. He corresponded with Jacob Dinezon and I. L. Peretz. In 1891, they published Reyzen’s poem ''Ven dos lebn is farbitert'' (''When Life Is Embittered'') in their ''Di yudishe bibliotek'' (''The Yiddish Library''). His first story, ''A kapore der noz abi a goldener zeyger mit 300 rubl nadn'' (''Damn the Nose, As Long As There Is a Dowry of a Watch and 300 Rubles'') was published in Vilna in 1892. In 1895, he joined the Russian army, serving in a musicians’ unit until 1899. In addition to writing for the Zionist ''Der yud'', in 1900 Reyzen created ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Der Nister
Der Nister ( yi, דער נסתּר ֹor דער ניסטער, "the Hidden One"; 1 November 1884 – 4 June 1950 in a Soviet Gulag) was the pseudonym of Pinchus Kahanovich ( yi, פּנחס קאַהאַנאָוויטש), a Yiddish author, philosopher, translator, and critic. Early years Kahanovich was born in Berdychiv, Ukraine, the third in a family of four children with ties to the Korshev sect of Hasidic Judaism. His father was Menakhem Mendl Kahanovich, a smoked-fish merchant at Astrakhan on the Volga River; his mother's name was Leah. He received a traditional religious education, but was drawn through his reading to secular and Enlightenment ideas, as well as to Zionism. In 1904 he left Berdychiv hoping to evade the military draft, and this was probably the time when he started using the pseudonym. He moved to Zhytomyr, near Kiev, where he earned a modest living as a teacher of Hebrew at an orphanage for Jewish boys. At that time he also wrote his first book, in Yiddish, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hersh Dovid Nomberg
Hersh Dovid Nomberg ( yi, הערש דוד נאָמבערג), also written Hersh David Nomberg (14 April 1876 – 21 November 1927), was a Polish-Jewish writer, journalist, and essayist in the Yiddish language. Biography Born in the Polish town of Mszczonów, near Warsaw, he grew up in a Hasidic background, before moving to Warsaw to pursue a career as a writer. Under the influence of his mentor I. L. Peretz he began writing in Yiddish as well as Hebrew.Weiser, Kalman (8 September 2010).Nomberg, Herssh Dovid. ''YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe''. Retrieved 20 August 2017. He played an important role in the Czernowitz Conference in 1908. Nomberg also had a brief career as a politician, serving as a delegate in the Sejm for the Folkspartei. Works The following is a partial list of Nombergs's works. * ''Happiness'' (fairy tale, 1900) * "Fliglman" (short story, 1903) * ''Dos shpil in libe'' (The play at love; novella, 1907) * "Shvayg shvester!" (short story, 1907) * ''A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peretz Hirshbein
Peretz Hirshbein ( yi, פרץ הירשביין;7 November 1880, Melnik, Kleszczele, Grodno Governorate – 16 August 1948, Los Angeles) was a Yiddish-language playwright, novelist, journalist, travel writer, and theater director. Because his work focused more on mood than plot, he became known as "the Yiddish Maeterlinck". His work as a playwright and through his own short-lived but influential troupe, laid much of the groundwork for the second golden age of Yiddish theater that began shortly after the end of World War I. The dialogue of his plays is consistently vivid, terse, and naturalistic. Unusually for a Yiddish playwright, most of his works have pastoral settings: he had grown up the son of a miller, and made several attempts at farming. Biography He was born in Grodno Governorate (present-day Podlaskie Voivodeship, Poland) where he was educated initially by local tutors, before he eventually made his way to Grodno and then Vilna, where he joined a circle of yesh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
