|
Shapur II's Siege Of Bezabde
Shapur II besieged the fortress city of Bezabde in Zabdicene in 360, held by the Roman Empire, Romans. Despite adamant resistance from three Roman legions and local archers, the Sasanian Empire, Sasanians led by Shapur II successfully besieged Bezabde and defeated the Roman force. A battering-ram reportedly brought down one of the towers, through which the besiegers entered the city. Later that year, Constantius II Constantius II's siege of Bezabde, tried to retake Bezabde, but was unsuccessful. References Sources * * * Battles of the Roman–Sasanian Wars Sieges involving the Roman Empire Sieges involving the Sasanian Empire 360s in the Roman Empire 4th century in Iran Shapur II Sieges of the Roman–Persian Wars {{siege-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Legio II Flavia Virtutis
Legio II ''Flavia Virtutis'' ("brave Flavian") was a ''comitatensis'' Roman legion, levied by Emperor Constantius II (337–361), together with I ''Flavia Pacis'' and III ''Flavia Salutis''. According to Ammianus Marcellinus (''Res Gestae'' xx.7.1), in 360 II ''Flavia Virtutis'' was stationed in Bezabde with II ''Armeniaca'' and II ''Parthica'', when the King of Persia Shapur II besieged and conquered the city, killing many of the inhabitants. According to '' Notitia Dignitatum'' (''in partibus Occidentis'', vii), at the beginning of the 5th century, the ''comitatensis'' legion ''Secundani'' (very probably II ''Flavia Virtutis'') were under the command of the ''comes Africae ''Comes'' ( ), plural ''comites'' ( ), was a Roman title or office, and the origin Latin form of the medieval and modern title "count". Before becoming a word for various types of title or office, the word originally meant "companion", either i ...''. See also * List of Roman legions References liv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
360s In The Roman Empire '', 2001
{{Numberdis ...
36 may refer to: * 36 (number), the natural number following 35 and preceding 37 * One of these years of Gregorian or Julian calendars: ** 36 BC, 1st century BCE ** AD 36, 1st century ** 1936, 20th century ** 2036, 21st century Arts and entertainment * ''36'' (TV series), an American sports documentary show * "36", a 2002 song by System of a Down from ''Steal This Album!'' * 36 Quai des Orfèvres (film), a 2004 French crime film * "Thirty Six", a song by Karma to Burn from the album ''Almost Heathen ''Almost Heathen'' is the third studio album by the stoner rock band Karma to Burn, released in 2001 via Spitfire Records. It was the last album released before their seven-year disbandment in 2002. The album was reissued in 2022 by Heavy Psych So ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sieges Involving The Sasanian Empire
A siege is a military blockade of a city, or fortress, with the intent of conquering by attrition, or a well-prepared assault. This derives from la, sedere, lit=to sit. Siege warfare is a form of constant, low-intensity conflict characterized by one party holding a strong, static, defensive position. Consequently, an opportunity for negotiation between combatants is common, as proximity and fluctuating advantage can encourage diplomacy. The art of conducting and resisting sieges is called siege warfare, siegecraft, or poliorcetics. A siege occurs when an attacker encounters a city or fortress that cannot be easily taken by a quick assault, and which refuses to surrender. Sieges involve surrounding the target to block the provision of supplies and the reinforcement or escape of troops (a tactic known as "investment"). This is typically coupled with attempts to reduce the fortifications by means of siege engines, artillery bombardment, mining (also known as sapping), or the use ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sieges Involving The Roman Empire
A siege is a military blockade of a city, or fortress, with the intent of conquering by attrition, or a well-prepared assault. This derives from la, sedere, lit=to sit. Siege warfare is a form of constant, low-intensity conflict characterized by one party holding a strong, static, defensive position. Consequently, an opportunity for negotiation between combatants is common, as proximity and fluctuating advantage can encourage diplomacy. The art of conducting and resisting sieges is called siege warfare, siegecraft, or poliorcetics. A siege occurs when an attacker encounters a city or fortress that cannot be easily taken by a quick assault, and which refuses to surrender. Sieges involve surrounding the target to block the provision of supplies and the reinforcement or escape of troops (a tactic known as "investment"). This is typically coupled with attempts to reduce the fortifications by means of siege engines, artillery bombardment, mining (also known as sapping), or the use ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battles Of The Roman–Sasanian Wars
A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force commitment. An engagement with only limited commitment between the forces and without decisive results is sometimes called a skirmish. The word "battle" can also be used infrequently to refer to an entire operational campaign, although this usage greatly diverges from its conventional or customary meaning. Generally, the word "battle" is used for such campaigns if referring to a protracted combat encounter in which either one or both of the combatants had the same methods, resources, and strategic objectives throughout the encounter. Some prominent examples of this would be the Battle of the Atlantic, Battle of Britain, and Battle of Stalingrad, all in World War II. Wars and military campaigns are guided by military strategy, whereas ba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constantius II's Siege Of Bezabde
Constantius II besieged the fortress city of Bezabde in Zabdicene in 360, held by the Sasanians. The Sasanians successfully defended the fortress city against the Roman attack. The Romans had lost Bezabde earlier that year to the Sasanians following a siege led by Shapur II Shapur II ( pal, 𐭱𐭧𐭯𐭥𐭧𐭥𐭩 ; New Persian: , ''Šāpur'', 309 – 379), also known as Shapur the Great, was the tenth Sasanian King of Kings (Shahanshah) of Iran. The longest-reigning monarch in Iranian history, he reigned fo .... References Sources * * * Battles of the Roman–Sasanian Wars Sieges involving the Roman Empire Sieges involving the Sasanian Empire 360s in the Roman Empire 4th century in Iran Shapur II Sieges of the Roman–Persian Wars Constantius II {{siege-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constantius II
Constantius II (Latin: ''Flavius Julius Constantius''; grc-gre, Κωνστάντιος; 7 August 317 – 3 November 361) was Roman emperor from 337 to 361. His reign saw constant warfare on the borders against the Sasanian Empire and Germanic peoples, while internally the Roman Empire went through repeated civil wars, court intrigues, and usurpations. His religious policies inflamed domestic conflicts that would continue after his death. Constantius was a son of Constantine the Great, who elevated him to the imperial rank of ''Caesar'' on 8 November 324 and after whose death Constantius became ''Augustus'' together with his brothers, Constantine II and Constans on 9 September 337. He promptly oversaw the massacre of his father-in-law, an uncle, and several cousins, consolidating his hold on power. The brothers divided the empire among themselves, with Constantius receiving Greece, Thrace, the Asian provinces, and Egypt in the east. For the following decade a costly and inco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Legio II Armeniaca
Legio II ''Armeniaca'' (''from Armenia'') was a legion of the late Roman Empire. This legion may have been garrisoned in the Roman province of Armenia, but later, together with its twin, I ''Armeniaca'', it was moved into the field army as a '' pseudocomitatensis'' legion. The legion is reported to have built a camp in Satala. According to Ammianus Marcellinus, in 360 AD. II ''Armeniaca'' was stationed in Bezabde with II ''Flavia Virtutis'' and II ''Parthica''. When Shapur II besieged and conquered the city, killing many of the inhabitants. The II ''Armeniaca'' however, survived, since it is cited in the ''Notitia Dignitatum'' as being under the command of the ''Dux Mesopotamiae Mesopotamia was the name of a Roman province, initially a short-lived creation of the Roman emperor Trajan in 116–117 and then re-established by Emperor Septimius Severus in c. 198. Control of the province was subsequently fought over betwe ...''. See also * List of Roman legions References { ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bezabde
Bezabde or Bazabde was a fortress city on the eastern Roman frontier. Located in Zabdicene, it played a role in the Roman-Persian Wars of the 4th century. It was besieged two times in 360, narrated in detail by Ammianus Marcellinus. The Sasanians led by Shapur II captured Bezabde, despite adamant resistance from three Roman legions and local archers. The Roman counterattack led by Constantius II failed, but it returned in Roman hands after the Sasanians withdrew. Bezabde was ceded to the Sasanians by the Perso-Roman Peace Treaty of 363, after which it disappeared from historical records. James Crow notes: "It was formerly thought that Bezabde stood close to modern Cizre, on the west bank of the Tigris The Tigris () is the easternmost of the two great rivers that define Mesopotamia, the other being the Euphrates. The river flows south from the mountains of the Armenian Highlands through the Syrian and Arabian Deserts, and empties into the .... However archaeological survey ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Legio II Parthica
Legio II Parthica ("Parthian-conquering Second Legion") was a legion of the Imperial Roman army founded in AD 197 by the emperor Septimius Severus (r. 193–211), for his campaign against the Parthian Empire, hence the ''cognomen'' ''Parthica''. The legion was still active in the beginning of the 5th century. The legion's symbol was a centaur. Parthian campaign and Castra Albana (197–4th century) Together with its twin legions I ''Parthica'' and III ''Parthica'', the Second Parthian legion was levied for the attack on the eastern frontier. The campaign was a success and Ctesiphon, the Parthian capital was taken and sacked. After this war, II ''Parthica'' returned to Italia, and was stationed near Rome, in ''Castra Albana'' (Albano Laziale) – it was the first legion stationed in Italia for several centuries. Since it was not garrisoning a Roman province, it functioned both as a reserve that could be used in afflicted parts of the Empire, as well as a security element agai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shapur II
Shapur II ( pal, 𐭱𐭧𐭯𐭥𐭧𐭥𐭩 ; New Persian: , ''Šāpur'', 309 – 379), also known as Shapur the Great, was the tenth Sasanian King of Kings (Shahanshah) of Iran. The longest-reigning monarch in Iranian history, he reigned for the entirety of his 70-year life, from 309 to 379. He was the son of Hormizd II (r. 302–309). His reign saw the military resurgence of the country, and the expansion of its territory, which marked the start of the first Sasanian golden era. He is thus along with Shapur I, Kavad I and Khosrow I, regarded as one of the most illustrious Sasanian kings. His three direct successors, on the other hand, were less successful. At the age of 16, he launched enormously successful military campaigns against Arab insurrections and tribes who knew him as 'Dhū'l-Aktāf'' ("he who pierces shoulders"). Shapur II pursued a harsh religious policy. Under his reign, the collection of the Avesta, the sacred texts of Zoroastrianism, was completed, heresy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
