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Selligueain A
Selligueain A is an A type proanthocyanidin trimer of the propelargonidin type. It can be extracted from the rhizome of the fern '' Selliguea feei'' collected in Indonesia. It has sweetener {{Wiktionary, sweetener A sweetener is a substance added to food or drink to impart the flavor of sweetness, either because it contains a type of sugar, or because it contains a sweet-tasting sugar substitute. Many artificial sweeteners have been ... properties with relative sweetness of 35 times as compared to the intensity of a 2% w/v aqueous sucrose solution. References External links * Condensed tannins Natural phenol trimers Sugar substitutes Resorcinols {{Aromatic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epiafzelechin
Afzelechin is a flavan-3-ol, a type of flavonoid. It can be found in ''Bergenia ligulata'' ( ''Paashaanbhed'' in Ayurveda traditional Indian medicine). It exists as at least 2 major epimers (afzelechin and epi-afzelechin). Metabolism (2R,3S)-catechin:NADP+ 4-oxidoreductase transforms cis-3,4-leucopelargonidin into afzelechin. Glycosides Arthromerin A ( afzelechin-3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside) and arthromerin B ( afzelechin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside) are afzelechin glycosides isolated from the roots of the fern '' Arthromeris mairei''. (+)-afzelechin-O-β-4'-D-glucopyranoside can be isolated from the rhizomes of the fern '' Selliguea feei''. Proanthocyanidins ; dimers Afzelechin-(4alpha→8)-afzelechin (molecular formula : C30H26O10, molar mass : 546.52 g/mol, exact mass : 546.152597, CAS number : 101339-37-1, Pubchem CID : 12395) is a B type proanthocyanidin. Ent-epiafzelechin-3-O-p-hydroxybenzoate-(4α→8,2α→O→7)-epiafzelechin) is an A-type proanthocyanidin found in apr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Afzelechin
Afzelechin is a flavan-3-ol, a type of flavonoid. It can be found in ''Bergenia ligulata'' ( ''Paashaanbhed'' in Ayurveda traditional Indian medicine). It exists as at least 2 major epimers (afzelechin and epi-afzelechin). Metabolism (2R,3S)-catechin:NADP+ 4-oxidoreductase transforms cis-3,4-leucopelargonidin into afzelechin. Glycosides Arthromerin A ( afzelechin-3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside) and arthromerin B ( afzelechin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside) are afzelechin glycosides isolated from the roots of the fern '' Arthromeris mairei''. (+)-afzelechin-O-β-4'-D-glucopyranoside can be isolated from the rhizomes of the fern '' Selliguea feei''. Proanthocyanidins ; dimers Afzelechin-(4alpha→8)-afzelechin (molecular formula : C30H26O10, molar mass : 546.52 g/mol, exact mass : 546.152597, CAS number : 101339-37-1, Pubchem CID : 12395) is a B type proanthocyanidin. Ent-epiafzelechin-3-O-p-hydroxybenzoate-(4α→8,2α→O→7)-epiafzelechin) is an A-type proanthocyanidin found in apri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
A Type Proanthocyanidin
A type proanthocyanidins are a specific type of proanthocyanidins, which are a class of flavonoid. Proanthocyanidins fall under a wide range of names in the nutritional and scientific vernacular, including oligomeric proanthocyanidins, flavonoids, polyphenols, condensed tannins, and OPCs. Proanthocyanidins were first popularized by French scientist Jacques Masquelier. Distribution in plants A-type linkage is a less common feature in proanthocyanidins with both 4β→8 ( B-type) and 2β→O→7 interflavanoid bonds. A-type proanthocyanidin glycosides can be isolated from cocoa liquor. Dimers * Procyanidin A1 is an epicatechin-(2β→7,4β→8)-catechin dimer. * Procyanidin A2 is a dimeric (-)epicatechin. Other A-type proanthocyanidins can be found in cranberries, cinnamon, peanut skins and ''Geranium niveum''. Chemistry B-type procyanidins (catechin dimers) can be converted to A-type procyanidins by radical oxidation. Fragmentation patterns for A-type proanthocyanidi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trimer (chemistry)
In chemistry, a trimer (; ) is a molecule or polyatomic anion formed by combination or association of three molecules or ions of the same substance. In technical jargon, a trimer is a kind of oligomer derived from three identical precursors often in competition with polymerization. Examples Alkyne trimerisation In 1866, Marcellin Berthelot reported the first example of cyclotrimerization, the conversion of acetylene to benzene. This process was commercialized: : Nitrile trimerization Symmetrical 1,3,5-triazines are prepared by trimerization of certain nitriles such as cyanogen chloride or cyanimide. Cyanogen chloride and cyanogen bromide each trimerize at elevated temperatures over a carbon catalyst. The chloride gives cyanuric chloride: : The bromide has an extended shelflife when refrigerated. Like the chloride, it undergoes ab exothermic trimerisation to form cyanuric bromide. This reaction is catalyzed by traces of bromine, metal salts, acids and bases. For this reason ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Propelargonidin
Propelargonidins are a type of condensed tannins formed from epiafzelechin. They yield pelargonidin when depolymerized under oxidative conditions. Propelargonidins can be found in the rhizomes of the fern '' Drynaria fortunei'', in buckwheat (''Fagopyrum esculentum Buckwheat (''Fagopyrum esculentum''), or common buckwheat, is a flowering plant in the knotweed family Polygonaceae cultivated for its grain-like seeds and as a cover crop. The name "buckwheat" is used for several other species, such as '' Fag ...''), in the edible halophyte '' Mesembryanthemum edule''. Examples * Geranins A and B, dimers found in ''Geranium niveum'' * Selligueain A, a trimer found in the rhizome of ''Selliguea feei'' * the trimeric propelargonidin epiafzelechin-(4β→8)-epiafzelechin-(4β→8)-4′-O-methyl-(−)-epigallocatechin can be isolated from the stem bark of '' Heisteria pallida''.A trimeric propelargonidin from stem bark of Heisteria pallida. Verena Dirsch, András Neszmélyia and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Selliguea Feei
''Selliguea feei'' is a fern belonging to the genus '' Selliguea'' in the family Polypodiaceae Polypodiaceae is a family of ferns. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), the family includes around 65 genera and an estimated 1,650 species and is placed in the order Polypodiales, suborder Polypodiineae. A broade .... This fern can be collected in Indonesia. The species name ''feei'' commemorates the botanist Antoine Laurent Apollinaire Fée. Biochemistry Selligueain A is an A type proanthocyanidin trimer and a sweetener that can be extracted from the rhizome of the plant. Kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, a known bitter-tasting flavonoid glycoside, (-)-4β-carboxymethyl epiafzelechin (3'-deoxydryopteric acid), epiafzelechin-(4β→8, 2β→O→7)-epiafzelechin-(4β→8)-3'-deoxydryopteric acid methyl ester ( selligueain B), and (+)-afzelechin-O-β-4'-D-glucopyranoside were also isolated from the rhizomes of Selliguea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sweetener
{{Wiktionary, sweetener A sweetener is a substance added to food or drink to impart the flavor of sweetness, either because it contains a type of sugar, or because it contains a sweet-tasting sugar substitute. Many artificial sweeteners have been invented and are now used in commercially produced food and drink. Natural non-sugar sweeteners also exist, such as glycyrrhizin found in licorice. List of sweeteners * Sugar **Sugar alcohol **Sucrose, or glucose-fructose, commonly called ''table sugar'' ***Fructose, or ''fruit sugar'' ***Glucose, or dextrose *Sugar substitute, or ''artificial sweetener'' * Syrups ** Agave syrup, or ''agave nectar'' **Maple syrup **Corn syrup ***High-fructose corn syrup (HFCS), used industrially *Honey *Unrefined sweetener See also * Sweet (other) Sweet is a basic taste sensation associated with sugars. Sweet may also refer to: Food * Candy or sweets * Confectionery or sweet * Dessert or sweet * Sweet (wine), a sweetness classification M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Condensed Tannins
Condensed tannins (proanthocyanidins, polyflavonoid tannins, catechol-type tannins, pyrocatecollic type tannins, non-hydrolyzable tannins or flavolans) are polymers formed by the condensation of flavans. They do not contain sugar residues. They are called proanthocyanidins as they yield anthocyanidins when depolymerized under oxidative conditions. Different types of condensed tannins exist, such as the procyanidins, propelargonidins, prodelphinidins, profisetinidins, proteracacinidins, proguibourtinidins or prorobinetidins. All of the above are formed from flavan-3-ols, but flavan-3,4-diols, called (leucoanthocyanidin) also form condensed tannin oligomers, e.g. leuco-fisetinidin form profisetinidin, and flavan-4-ols form condensed tannins, e.g. 3',4',5,7-flavan-4-ol form proluteolinidin (luteoforolor). One particular type of condensed tannin, found in grape, are procyanidins, which are polymers of 2 to 50 (or more) catechin units joined by carbon-carbon bonds. These are n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Natural Phenol Trimers
Nature, in the broadest sense, is the physics, physical world or universe. "Nature" can refer to the phenomenon, phenomena of the physical world, and also to life in general. The study of nature is a large, if not the only, part of science. Although humans are part of nature, human activity is often understood as a separate category from other natural phenomena. The word ''nature'' is borrowed from the Old French ''nature'' and is derived from the Latin word ''natura'', or "essential qualities, innate disposition", and in ancient times, literally meant "birth". In ancient philosophy, ''natura'' is mostly used as the Latin translation of the Greek word ''physis'' (φύσις), which originally related to the intrinsic characteristics of plants, animals, and other features of the world to develop of their own accord. The concept of nature as a whole, the physical universe, is one of several expansions of the original notion; it began with certain core applications of the word ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sugar Substitutes
A sugar substitute is a food additive that provides a sweetness like that of sugar while containing significantly less food energy than sugar-based sweeteners, making it a zero-calorie () or low-calorie sweetener. Artificial sweeteners may be derived through manufacturing of plant extracts or processed by chemical synthesis. Sugar substitute products are commercially available in various forms, such as small pills, powders, and packets. In North America, common sugar substitutes include aspartame, monk fruit extract, saccharin, sucralose, and stevia; cyclamate is also used outside the United States. These sweeteners are a fundamental ingredient in diet drinks to sweeten them without adding calories. Additionally, sugar alcohols such as erythritol, xylitol, and sorbitol are derived from sugars. Approved artificial sweeteners do not cause cancer. Reviews and dietetic professionals have concluded that moderate use of non-nutritive sweeteners as a safe replacement for sugars can ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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