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Saw Binnya
Saw Binnya ( my, စောဗညား, ; died 1541) was viceroy of Martaban (Mottama) from c. 1510s to 1539, and the self-proclaimed king of the rump Hanthawaddy Kingdom from 1539 to 1541. First appointed viceroy of Martaban, one of the three provinces of the Mon-speaking kingdom, by King Binnya Ran II, Saw Binnya ruled the province like a sovereign during the reign of King Takayutpi, his brother-in-law. Under his leadership, the port of Martaban became an international entrepôt, and grew tremendously wealthy. He was able to build up a formidable military of his own, replete with Portuguese mercenaries and arms. But his refusal to contribute to Takayutpi's war effort against Toungoo Dynasty greatly facilitated Toungoo's conquest of Pegu in 1538–1539, and ultimately resulted in the downfall of his own fiefdom in 1541. He was subsequently executed. Ruler of Martaban Saw Binnya was appointed viceroy of the province of Martaban, one of the three provinces of Hanthawaddy, by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Rulers Of Martaban
This is a list of rulers of Martaban (Mottama), one of the three main Mon-speaking provinces of Lower Burma, from the 13th to 17th centuries. Martaban was the capital of Hanthawaddy Kingdom (Ramanya) from 1287 to 1364. Pagan Period The earliest extant evidence of Martaban on records is an 1176 inscription by King Sithu II of Pagan (Bagan).Aung-Thwin 2005: 59 Hanthawaddy Period Toungoo Period See also * Hanthawaddy Kingdom * List of Burmese monarchs * List of rulers of Pegu * List of rulers of Bassein Notes References Bibliography * * * * * {{cite book , last=Pan Hla , first=Nai , title=Razadarit Ayedawbon , language=Burmese , year=1968 , edition=8th printing, 2004 , location=Yangon , publisher=Armanthit Sarpay Martaban Mottama ( my, မုတ္တမမြို့, ; Muttama mnw, မုဟ်တၟံ, ; formerly Martaban) is a town in the Thaton District of Mon State, Myanmar. Located on the west bank of the Thanlwin river (Salween), on th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kayin State
Kayin State ( my, ကရင်ပြည်နယ်, ; kjp, ဖၠုံခါန်ႋကၞင့်, italics=no; ksw, ကညီကီၢ်စဲၣ်, ), also known by the endonyms Kawthoolei and Karen State, is a state of Myanmar. The capital city is Hpa-An, also spelled Pa-An. The relief of Karen State is mountainous with the Dawna Range running along the state in a NNW - SSE direction and the southern end of the Karen Hills in the northwest. It is bordered by Mae Hong Son, Tak, and Kanchanaburi provinces of Thailand to the east; Mon State and Bago Region to the west and south; Mandalay Region, Shan State and Kayah State to the north. History The region that forms today's Karen State was part of successive Burmese kingdoms since the formation of the Bagan Empire in mid-11th century. During the 13th to 16th centuries, much of the region belonged to the Hanthawaddy Kingdom, while the northern part of the region belonged to Taungoo, a vassal state of Ava Kingdom. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
João Caeiro
João Caeiro (also spelled as João Cayeyro,Pinto and Catz 1989: 601 Joano Cayeyro,Harvey 1925: 155–156 John CayeroRyley 1899: 139) was a 16th-century Portuguese mercenary in the service of King Tabinshwehti of the Toungoo Dynasty, rulers in modern day Burma (Myanmar). He was the leader of a group of 700 Portuguese mercenaries who as musketeers and artillery men fought at the battle of Martaban (1540–41). They were opposed by Martaban's defenses which employed another group of Portuguese mercenaries led Paulo de Seixas. Caeiro is said to have seriously considered defecting to the side of Saw Binnya Saw Binnya ( my, စောဗညား, ; died 1541) was viceroy of Martaban (Mottama) from c. 1510s to 1539, and the self-proclaimed king of the rump Hanthawaddy Kingdom from 1539 to 1541. First appointed viceroy of Martaban, one of the three ..., the ruler of Martaban, who had offered him an enormous bribe. He rejected the offer after his Portuguese officers threatened to rep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Governors Of Portuguese India
, insignia = , insigniasize = , insigniacaption = , image = Lesser coat of arms of Portuguese India.svg , imagesize = 120px , imagecaption = Coat of arms of Portuguese India , style = , residence = Viceroy's House , nominator = Prime Minister of Portugal , nominatorpost = , appointer = Monarch of Portugal (1505–1910)President of Portugal (1910–1961) , appointerpost = , precursor = None , formation = 12 September 1505 , first = Tristão da Cunha , abolished = 19 December 1961 , last = Manuel António Vassalo e Silva , succession = Governor of Goa , salary = The government of Portuguese India ( pt, Índia Portuguesa) started on 12 September 1505, seven years after the Portuguese discovery of the sea route to India by Vasco da Gama, with the nomination of the first Portuguese vicer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viss
The traditional Burmese units of measurement were a system of measurement used in Myanmar (also known as Burma). According to the 2010 CIA Factbook, Myanmar is one of three countries that have not adopted the International System of Units (SI) metric system as their official system of weights and measures. However, in June 2011, the Burmese government's Ministry of Commerce began discussing proposals to reform the measurement system in Burma and adopt the metric system used by most of its trading partners, and in October 2013, Pwint San, Deputy Minister for Commerce, announced that the country was preparing to adopt the metric system. Burmese government web pages in English use imperial and metric units inconsistently. For instance, the Ministry of Construction uses miles to describe the length of roads and square feet for the size of houses, but square kilometres for the total land area of new town developments in Yangon City. The Ministry of Agriculture uses acres for land ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paulo De Seixas
Paulo de Seixas was a 16th-century Portuguese mercenary in the service of Saw Binnya, the viceroy of Martaban (Mottama). He is known for his leadership of Martaban's musket and artillery corps at the battle of Martaban (1540–41) against Toungoo Burma.Ryley 1899: 140–142 Background Though Seixas' land and naval troops, primarily made up of Portuguese and other foreign mercenaries, kept the besiegers at bay for seven months, Toungoo forces eventually broke through and the city was sacked.Harvey 1925: 155–157 According to the contemporary Portuguese explorer Fernão Mendes Pinto, Seixas had managed to escape with "a native woman", and the couple made it to the Coromandel Coast (Southeastern India) where they were married. He had brought with him two valuable bracelets, which he said were awarded to him by Saw Binnya in recognition of his faithful service. He sold the bracelets for 36,000 ducats. The dealers, according to Pinto, resold the bracelets to the ruler of NarsingaTh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tabinshwehti
Tabinshwehti ( my, တပင်ရွှေထီး, ; 16 April 1516 – 30 April 1550) was king of Burma (Myanmar) from 1530 to 1550, and the founder of the First Toungoo Empire. His military campaigns (1534–1549) created the largest kingdom in Burma since the fall of the Pagan Empire in 1287. His administratively fragile kingdom proved to be the impetus for the eventual reunification of the entire country by his successor and brother-in-law Bayinnaung. Based out of their small landlocked principality in the Sittaung valley, Tabinshwehti and his deputy Bayinnaung began their military campaigns in 1534 against the Hanthawaddy Kingdom, and had conquered the wealthier but disunited kingdom by 1541. He then leveraged the coastal kingdom's wealth, manpower and access to Portuguese mercenaries and firearms, and extended his rule to the ancient capital of Pagan (Bagan) in 1544. However, his attempts to build an East-West empire fell short in Arakan (1545–1547) and in Si ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prome Kingdom
The Prome Kingdom ( my, ဒုတိယ သရေခေတ္တရာ နေပြည်တော်) was a kingdom that existed for six decades between 1482 and 1542 in present-day central Burma (Myanmar). Based out of the city of Prome (Pyay), the minor kingdom was one of the several statelets that broke away from the dominant Ava Kingdom in the late 15th century. Throughout the 1520s, Prome was an ally of the Confederation of Shan States, and together they raided Avan territory. After Ava fell to the Confederation armies in 1527, Prome itself became a tributary of the Confederation in 1532. In the late 1530s, Prome became ensnarled in the Toungoo–Hanthawaddy War (1534–1541). Despite military assistance from the Confederation and the Mrauk U Kingdom, the small kingdom fell to the Toungoo (Taungoo) forces in 1542.Harvey 1925: 157–158 History Origins For much of the first half of the second millennium, Prome was a vassal state of Upper Burma-based kingdoms– Pagan, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bago, Burma
Bago (formerly spelt Pegu; , ), formerly known as Hanthawaddy, is a city and the capital of the Bago Region in Myanmar. It is located north-east of Yangon. Etymology The Burmese name Bago (ပဲခူး) is likely derived from the Mon language place name Bagaw ( mnw, ဗဂေါ, ). Until the Burmese government renamed English place names throughout the country in 1989, Bago was known as Pegu. Bago was formerly known as Hanthawaddy (; ; ; lit. "she who possesses the sheldrake"), the name of a Burmese-Mon kingdom. An alternative etymology from the 1947 Burmese encyclopedia derives Bago (ပဲခူး) from Wanpeku ( my, ဝမ်းပဲကူး) as a shortening of Where the Hinthawan Ducks Graze ( my, ဟင်္သာဝမ်းဘဲများ ကူးသန်းကျက်စားရာ အရပ်). This etymology relies on the non-phonetic Burmese spelling as its main reasoning. History Foundation Various Mon language chronicles report widely diver ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mawlamyaing
Mawlamyine (also spelled Mawlamyaing; , ; th, เมาะลำเลิง ; mnw, မတ်မလီု, ), formerly Moulmein, is the fourth-largest city in Myanmar (Burma), ''World Gazetteer'' south east of Yangon and south of Thaton, at the mouth of Thanlwin (Salween) River. The first capital of British Burma, the city is currently the capital and largest city of Mon State and the main trading centre and seaport in south eastern Myanmar. Etymology and legend The Mon name which was previously used for Mawlamyine, ''Moulmein'' (; ) means "damaged eye" or "one-eyed man." According to legend, a Mon king had a powerful third eye in the centre of his forehead, able to see what was happening in neighbouring kingdoms. The daughter of one of the neighbouring kings was given in marriage to the three-eyed king and managed to destroy the third eye. The Burmese name "Mawlamyine" is believed to be a corruption of the Mon name. Moulmein was also spelled as ''Maulmain or Moulmain or Ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mon State
Mon State ( my, မွန်ပြည်နယ်, ; mnw, တွဵုရးဍုင်မန်, italics=no) is an administrative division of Myanmar. It lies between Kayin State to the east, the Andaman Sea to the west, Bago Region to the north and Tanintharyi Region to the south, also having a short border with Thailand's Kanchanaburi Province at its south-eastern tip. The land area is . The Dawna Range, running along the eastern side of the state in a NNW–SSE direction, forms a natural border with Kayin State. Mon State includes some small islands, such as Kalegauk, Wa Kyun and Kyungyi Island, along its of coastline. The state's capital is Mawlamyine. History Mon tradition holds that the Suwarnabhumi mentioned in the Edicts of Ashoka and the ''Dîpavamsa'' was their first kingdom (pronounced Suvanna Bhoum), founded around the port of Thaton in about 300 BC, however, this is disputed by scholars. Oral tradition suggests that they had contact with Buddhism ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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