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Szczecin Agreement
Szczecin Agreement (Polish: Porozumienie szczecińskie) was an accord, signed on August 30, 1980 at 8 a.m. at Szczecin Shipyard, between Polish authorities and the ''Szczecin Interfactory Strike Committee''. The agreement was signed by deputy prime minister Kazimierz Barcikowski, Andrzej Żabiński of the Polish Politburo, and first secretary of the Polish United Workers' Party in Szczecin, Janusz Brych, as well as Marian Jurczyk (chairman of the Strike Committee), Jurczyk's deputy Kazimierz Fischbein, and delegate of the workers, Marian Juszczuk. The Agreement ended mass strikes, which took place in northern Polish city of Szczecin, in August 1980. Even though it was signed one day earlier than the Gdańsk Agreement, and turned out to be workers' success in economic and social matters, unlike in Gdańsk, the government did not promise in Szczecin to create a free, independent trades union. Nevertheless, it was one of the three historic agreements (besides Gdańsk Agreement and J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Szczecin Shipyard
Szczecin Shipyard or New Szczecin Shipyard (Polish: ''Stocznia Szczecińska Nowa'') was a shipyard in the city of Szczecin, Poland. Formerly known as ''Stocznia Szczecińska Porta Holding S.A.'' (until 2002) or ''Stocznia im. Adolfa Warskiego''. The shipyard specialized in the construction of container ships, Chemical tankers, multi-purpose vessels and ConRo ships. It employed about 4400 people, and the executive director was Andrzej Markowski. It was ISO 9001:2000 certified. History It was founded in the aftermath of World War II, when the German port of Stettin was taken over by Poland and renamed Szczecin. The state-owned shipyard then inherited the assets of the former German shipbuilding giant AG Vulcan Stettin. In the 1970s and 1980s, the shipyard was one of the most important centers of anticommunist resistance in Poland (see: Polish 1970 protests, Solidarity). It was the 5th biggest shipyard in Europe and the 40th in the world. In 2009, the Polish government contr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kazimierz Barcikowski
Kazimierz Barcikowski (; 22 March 1927 – 10 July 2007) was a Polish politician. As a member of Polish United Workers Party, he served on the Central Committee of the Party and on the Political Bureau. Among his other posts were those of deputy to Sejm and minister of agriculture. Barcikowski served as head of government negotiations with striking workers in Szczecin in 1980 and was one of four deputy chairmen of the Polish Council of State The Council of State of the Republic of Poland ( pl, Rada Państwa) was introduced by the Small Constitution of 1947 as an organ of executive power. The Council of State consisted of the President of the Republic of Poland as chairman, the Marsha ... from 1985 to 1989. References Robert Gillette, "Poland Completes Leadership Reshuffle," ''Los Angeles Times,'' 13 November 1985 1927 births 2007 deaths People from Mińsk County People from Warsaw Voivodeship (1919–1939) Members of the Politburo of the Polish United Workers' Par ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Politburo
A politburo () or political bureau is the executive committee for communist parties. It is present in most former and existing communist states. Names The term "politburo" in English comes from the Russian ''Politbyuro'' (), itself a contraction of ''Politicheskoye byuro'' (, "Political Bureau"). The Spanish term ''Politburó'' is directly loaned from Russian, as is the German ''Politbüro''. Chinese uses a calque (), from which the Vietnamese (), and Korean ( ''Jeongchiguk'') terms derive. History The first politburo was created in Russia by the Bolshevik Party in 1917 during the Russian Revolution that occurred during that year. The first Politburo had seven members: Lenin, Zinoviev, Kamenev, Trotsky, Stalin, Sokolnikov, and Bubnov. During the 20th century, politburos were established in most Communist states. They included the politburos of the USSR, East Germany, Afghanistan, and Czechoslovakia. Several countries still have a politburo system in operation: China, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish United Workers' Party
The Polish United Workers' Party ( pl, Polska Zjednoczona Partia Robotnicza; ), commonly abbreviated to PZPR, was the communist party which ruled the Polish People's Republic as a one-party state from 1948 to 1989. The PZPR had led two other legally permitted subordinate minor parties together as the Front of National Unity and later Patriotic Movement for National Rebirth. Ideologically, it was based on the theories of Marxism-Leninism, with a strong emphasis on left-wing nationalism. The Polish United Workers' Party had total control over public institutions in the country as well as the Polish People's Army, the UB-SB security agencies, the Citizens' Militia (MO) police force and the media. The falsified 1947 Polish legislative election granted the far-left complete political authority in post- war Poland. The PZPR was founded forthwith in December 1948 through the unification of two previous political entities, the Polish Workers' Party (PPR) and the Polish Socialist Par ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marian Jurczyk
Marian Jurczyk (16 October 1935 – 30 December 2014) was a Polish politician and Solidarity trade union activist. He was a Senator in the Polish Senate from 1997 to 2000, and mayor of Szczecin Szczecin (, , german: Stettin ; sv, Stettin ; Latin: ''Sedinum'' or ''Stetinum'') is the capital and largest city of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in northwestern Poland. Located near the Baltic Sea and the German border, it is a major s ... from 18 November 1998 to 24 January 2000. On 21 November 2002 he was again elected mayor and served until 4 December 2006. His achievements are however widely criticized and he is blamed for the compensation of over 10 million zloty, which the city must pay for canceling the land selling deal, his lack of formal education, and his apparent cluelessness in many important matters. Jurczyk's famous errors include forgetting the name of the deputy he had just nominated or quoting Jesus in a speech to the council. Because of this criticism re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Szczecin
Szczecin (, , german: Stettin ; sv, Stettin ; Latin: ''Sedinum'' or ''Stetinum'') is the capital and largest city of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in northwestern Poland. Located near the Baltic Sea and the German border, it is a major seaport and Poland's seventh-largest city. As of December 2021, the population was 395,513. Szczecin is located on the river Oder, south of the Szczecin Lagoon and the Bay of Pomerania. The city is situated along the southwestern shore of Dąbie Lake, on both sides of the Oder and on several large islands between the western and eastern branches of the river. Szczecin is adjacent to the town of Police and is the urban centre of the Szczecin agglomeration, an extended metropolitan area that includes communities in the German states of Brandenburg and Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Szczecin is the administrative and industrial centre of West Pomeranian Voivodeship and is the site of the University of Szczecin, Pomeranian Medical Univ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gdańsk Agreement
The Gdańsk Agreement (or ''Gdańsk Social Accord(s)'' or ''August Agreement(s)'', pl, Porozumienia sierpniowe) was an accord reached as a direct result of the strikes that took place in Gdańsk, Poland. Workers along the Baltic went on strike in August 1980 in support of the 21 demands of MKS which eventually led to the creation of Solidarity. Background The labor strikes did not occur because of problems that emerged shortly before the unrest, but due to political and economic difficulties the previous ten years. Under the rule of Władysław Gomułka in the late 1960s, Poland's economy was in disarray. To counter this, the government increased food prices just before Christmas 1970 which irritated the entire populace of the nation. On December 14, 1970, workers from the Lenin shipyard in Gdańsk began a strike against party headquarters within the city insisting on the formation of independent trade unions. In this disturbance 75 people were killed after Gomułka ordered th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jastrzębie-Zdrój Agreement
Jastrzębie-Zdrój Agreement ( pl, Porozumienie jastrzebskie) was an accord, signed on September 3, 1980 at Manifest Lipcowy Coal Mine in Jastrzębie-Zdrój, between the authorities of the People's Republic of Poland, and the ''Jastrzebie-Zdroj Interfactory Strike Committee''. The agreement was signed by a government envoy Aleksander Kopec, and leader of the Committee, Jaroslaw Sienkiewicz. It was the last of the three accords, signed in late summer of 1980 in Poland. These accords resulted in creation of Solidarity, and as such, Jastrzębie-Zdrój Agreement is regarded as part of the August Agreements. Coal miners from Upper Silesian city of Jastrzębie-Zdrój went on strike in late August 1980 (see Jastrzębie-Zdrój 1980 strikes), and during negotiations with the government, they based their demands on the 21 demands of MKS, to which the miners added their own points. After lengthy negotiations, Polish government accepted the agreement, and among accepted demands of the min ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solidarity (Polish Trade Union)
Solidarity ( pl, „Solidarność”, ), full name Independent Self-Governing Trade Union "Solidarity" (, abbreviated ''NSZZ „Solidarność”'' ), is a Polish trade union founded in August 1980 at the Lenin Shipyard in Gdańsk, Poland. Subsequently, it was the first independent trade union in a Warsaw Pact country to be recognised by the state. The union's membership peaked at 10 million in September 1981, representing one-third of the country's working-age population. Solidarity's leader Lech Wałęsa was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1983 and the union is widely recognised as having played a central role in the end of Communist rule in Poland. In the 1980s, Solidarity was a broad anti-authoritarian social movement, using methods of civil resistance to advance the causes of workers' rights and social change. Government attempts in the early 1980s to destroy the union through the imposition of martial law in Poland and the use of political repression failed. Operat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
21 Demands Of MKS
The 21 demands of MKS ( pl, 21 postulatów MKS) was a list of demands issued on 17 August 1980 by the Interfactory Strike Committee (''Międzyzakładowy Komitet Strajkowy, MKS'') in Poland. The first demand was the right to create independent trade unions. Other demands called the government to respect the constitutional rights and freedoms, dismantling the privileges for Polish United Workers' Party members, and taking actions to improve the economic conditions of Polish citizens. The demands eventually led to the Gdańsk Agreement and creation of Solidarity. The charter was written up on two wooden boards and hung on the gates of the shipyard on 18 August 1980. To mark the first anniversary of the August unrest, the demands were put on display in Gdańsk’s Maritime Museum. The day after Martial Law was declared one museum worker hid them in his loft, where they remained forgotten until 1996. Now added to the UNESCO Memory of the World Register Memory is the faculty ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish 1970 Protests
The 1970 Polish protests ( pl, Grudzień 1970, lit=December 1970) occurred in northern Poland during 14–19 December 1970. The protests were sparked by a sudden increase in the prices of food and other everyday items. Strikes were put down by the Polish People's Army and the Citizen's Militia, resulting in at least 44 people killed and more than 1,000 wounded. Background In December 1970, the government suddenly announced major increases in the prices of basic foodstuffs, especially dairy products, after bad harvests throughout the year. The increases proved to be a major shock to ordinary citizens, especially in the larger cities. Events Demonstrations against the price increases broke out in the northern Baltic coastal cities of Gdańsk, Gdynia, Elbląg, and Szczecin. The regime was concerned about an emerging wave of sabotage, which may have been inspired by the secret police, who wanted to legitimize a harsh response to the protestors. Another possible reason why the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
