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Symmoriidae
Symmoriidae is an extinct family of holocephalians from the Devonian and Carboniferous The Carboniferous ( ) is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic that spans 60 million years from the end of the Devonian Period million years ago ( Mya), to the beginning of the Permian Period, million years ago. The name ''Carbonifero ... periods. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q2374629 Devonian first appearances Symmoriiformes Prehistoric cartilaginous fish families ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Symmoriiformes
Symmoriiformes is an extinct order of holocephalians. Originally named Symmoriida by Zangerl (1981), it has subsequently been known by several other names. Lund (1986) synonymized the group with Cladodontida, while Maisey (2008) corrected the name to Symmoriiformes in order to prevent it from being mistaken for a family. The symmoriiform fossils record appear at the beginning of the Carboniferous. Most of them died out at the start of the Permian, but ''Dwykaselachus'' is known from the Artinskian-Kungurian of South Africa. Teeth described from the Valanginian of France and Austria indicate that members of the family Falcatidae might have survived until the Early Cretaceous; however, these teeth were also argued to be more likely neoselachian teeth. Fossil distribution Fossil evidence of Symmoriida have been found at Bear Gulch, Fergus County, Montana, Bethel Quarry, Pike County, Indiana, Kinshozan quarry, Alaska, Gifu Prefecture, Japan, Bashkortostan, Russian Federation and pos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Symmorium
''Symmorium'' is a dubious genus of extinct stethacanthid holocephalian from the Devonian and Carboniferous of the United States (Illinois) and Russia. The type species, ''Symmorium reniforme'', was named by Edward Drinker Cope in 1893 and several other species were originally classed under this genus, but they have since been classified into other genera such as '' Petalodus''. ''Symmorium'' bears close similarity in size and appearance to ''Stethacanthus ''Stethacanthus'' is an extinct genus of shark-like holocephaliansCoates, M., Gess, R., Finarelli, J., Criswell, K., Tietjen, K. 2016. A symmoriiform chondrichthyan braincase and the origin of chimaeroid fishes. Nature. doi: 10.1038/nature20806 ...'' but the former is missing the "spine and brush" on its back. Some paleontologists think that the two forms are simply the males and females of related species, while other scientists think they were distinct genera.M. Ginter, O. Hampe, and C. J. Duffin. 2010. Chondrichthyes, Pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Devonian
The Devonian ( ) is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic era, spanning 60.3 million years from the end of the Silurian, million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Carboniferous, Mya. It is named after Devon, England, where rocks from this period were first studied. The first significant adaptive radiation of life on dry land occurred during the Devonian. Free-sporing vascular plants began to spread across dry land, forming extensive forests which covered the continents. By the middle of the Devonian, several groups of plants had evolved leaves and true roots, and by the end of the period the first seed-bearing plants appeared. The arthropod groups of myriapods, arachnids and hexapods also became well-established early in this period, after starting their expansion to land at least from the Ordovician period. Fish reached substantial diversity during this time, leading the Devonian to often be dubbed the Age of Fishes. The placoderms began dominating ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carboniferous
The Carboniferous ( ) is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic that spans 60 million years from the end of the Devonian Period million years ago ( Mya), to the beginning of the Permian Period, million years ago. The name ''Carboniferous'' means "coal-bearing", from the Latin '' carbō'' ("coal") and '' ferō'' ("bear, carry"), and refers to the many coal beds formed globally during that time. The first of the modern 'system' names, it was coined by geologists William Conybeare and William Phillips in 1822, based on a study of the British rock succession. The Carboniferous is often treated in North America as two geological periods, the earlier Mississippian and the later Pennsylvanian. Terrestrial animal life was well established by the Carboniferous Period. Tetrapods (four limbed vertebrates), which had originated from lobe-finned fish during the preceding Devonian, became pentadactylous in and diversified during the Carboniferous, including early amphibian line ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cobelodus
''Cobelodus'' is an extinct genus of holocephalid known from the late Carboniferous to the early Permian period. The type specimen, assigned to the genus '' Styptobasis'', was discovered by Edward Drinker Cope in Illinois Basin black coal shales. Rainer Zangerl reassigned ''S. aculeata'' in 1973 to the genus ''Cobelodus'', translating to 'needle tooth'. Cope's description was based from a tooth fragment and was compared to the genus '' Monocladodus''. ''Cobelodus'' differs from ''Styptobasis'' and ''Monocladodus'' in the anatomy of its teeth and pectoral fins. ''Cobelodus'' was an up to long predator. Although it was related to the chimaera, ''Cobelodus'' had a number of differences from modern forms. It had a bulbous head, large eyes, a high-arched back, and a dorsal fin placed far to the rear, above the pelvic fins. Another unusual physical feature of ''Cobelodus'' are the long, flexible cartilagenous 'tentacles' sprouting from its pectoral fins. Their purpose is unknown. Typ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holocephalians
Holocephali ("complete heads"), sometimes given the term Euchondrocephali, is a subclass of cartilaginous fish in the class Chondrichthyes. The earliest fossils are of teeth and come from the Devonian period. Little is known about these primitive forms, and the only surviving group in the subclass is the order Chimaeriformes. Chimaeriformes, commonly known as chimaeras, includes the rat fishes in the genus '' Chimaera'', and the elephant fishes in the genus ''Callorhinchus''. These fishes move by using sweeping movements of their large pectoral fins. They are deep sea fish with slender tails, living close to the seabed to feed on benthic invertebrates. They lack a stomach, their food moving directly into the intestine. Extinct holocephalans were much more diverse in lifestyles, including shark-like predatory forms and slow, durophagous fish. Characteristics Members of this taxon preserve today some features of elasmobranch life in Paleozoic times, though in other respects ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Devonian First Appearances
The Devonian ( ) is a period (geology), geologic period and system of the Paleozoic era, spanning 60.3 million years from the end of the Silurian, million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Carboniferous, Mya. It is named after Devon, England, where rocks from this period were first studied. The first significant adaptive radiation of life on dry land occurred during the Devonian. Pteridophyte, Free-sporing vascular plants began to spread across dry land, forming extensive forests which covered the continents. By the middle of the Devonian, several groups of plants had evolved leaves and true roots, and by the end of the period the Pteridospermatophyta, first seed-bearing plants appeared. The arthropod groups of myriapods, arachnids and Hexapoda, hexapods also became well-established early in this period, after starting their expansion to land at least from the Ordovician period. Fish reached substantial diversity during this time, leading the Devonian to often be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
