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Swiss Constitutional Referendum, 1848
A constitutional referendum was held in Switzerland in July and August 1848, the first referendum on record in the Swiss Confederation.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1901 The new constitution was approved by 72.8% of voters and a majority of cantons. Background In order to pass, any amendments to the constitution needed a double majority; a majority of the popular vote and majority of the cantons.Nohlen & Stöver, p1891 The decision of each canton was based on the vote in that canton. Full cantons counted as one vote, whilst half cantons counted as half. Results References {{Portal bar, Politics, Switzerland 1848 referendums 1848 in Switzerland 1848 1848 is historically famous for the wave of revolutions, a series of widespread struggles for more liberal governments, which broke out from Brazil to Hungary; although most failed in their immediate aims, they significantly altered the polit ... Constitutional referen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Switzerland
). Swiss law does not designate a ''capital'' as such, but the federal parliament and government are installed in Bern, while other federal institutions, such as the federal courts, are in other cities (Bellinzona, Lausanne, Luzern, Neuchâtel, St. Gallen a.o.). , coordinates = , largest_city = Zürich , official_languages = , englishmotto = "One for all, all for one" , religion_year = 2020 , religion_ref = , religion = , demonym = , german: Schweizer/Schweizerin, french: Suisse/Suissesse, it, svizzero/svizzera or , rm, Svizzer/Svizra , government_type = Federalism, Federal assembly-independent Directorial system, directorial republic with elements of a direct democracy , leader_title1 = Federal Council (Switzerland), Federal Council , leader_name1 = , leader_title2 = , leader_name2 = Walter Thurnherr , legislature = Fe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dieter Nohlen
Dieter Nohlen (born 6 November 1939) is a German academic and political scientist. He currently holds the position of Emeritus Professor of Political Science in the Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences of the University of Heidelberg. An expert on electoral system An electoral system or voting system is a set of rules that determine how elections and referendums are conducted and how their results are determined. Electoral systems are used in politics to elect governments, while non-political elections ma ...s and political development, he has published several books. IDEA Bibliography Books published by Nohlen include: *''Electoral systems of the world'' (in German, 1978) *''Lexicon of politics'' (seven volumes) *''Elections and Electoral Systems'' (1996) *''Electi ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1848 Referendums
1848 is historically famous for the wave of revolutions, a series of widespread struggles for more liberal governments, which broke out from Brazil to Hungary; although most failed in their immediate aims, they significantly altered the political and philosophical landscape and had major ramifications throughout the rest of the century. Ereignisblatt aus den revolutionären Märztagen 18.-19. März 1848 mit einer Barrikadenszene aus der Breiten Strasse, Berlin 01.jpg, Cheering revolutionaries in Berlin, on March 19, 1848, with the new flag of Germany Lar9 philippo 001z.jpg, French Revolution of 1848: Republican riots forced King Louis-Philippe to abdicate Zeitgenössige Lithografie der Nationalversammlung in der Paulskirche.jpg, German National Assembly's meeting in St. Paul's Church Pákozdi csata.jpg, Battle of Pákozd in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 Events January–March * January 3 – Joseph Jenkins Roberts is sworn in, as the first president of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1848 In Switzerland
Events from 1848 in Switzerland. Incumbents * Federal Council (starting from November 16): ** Ulrich Ochsenbein ** Jonas Furrer (President) ** Josef Munzinger ** Henri Druey ** Friedrich Frey-Herosé ** Wilhelm Matthias Naeff ** Stefano Franscini Events * February – Federal troops leave Zug * February – Pro-republic uprising in La Chaux-de-Fonds, Le Locle, and Val-de-Travers * 1 March – Pro-republic forces overthrow the Council of State of the Canton of Neuchatel, declare the Canton a republic * April – Federal troops leave Wallis * 27 June – Draft constitution accepted by the Swiss Diet * July – A Swiss constitutional referendum is held in July and August in the Cantons * 12 September – New constitution declared accepted with 15 1/2 Cantons accepting, 6 1/2 voting against * 6 November – ''Nationalrat'' and ''Ständerat'' meet in Bern for the first time * 16 November – Seven members of Federal Council appointed. New constitution comes into force. * The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Referendums In Switzerland
Voting in Switzerland (called votation) is the process by which Swiss citizens make decisions about governance and elect officials. The history of voting rights in Switzerland mirrors the complexity of the nation itself. The polling stations are opened on Saturdays and Sunday mornings but most people vote by post in advance. At noon on Sunday (''Abstimmungssonntag'' in German, ''Dimanche de votation'' in French), voting ends and the results are usually known during the afternoon. Switzerland's voting system is unique among modern democratic nations in that Switzerland practices direct democracy in parallel with representative democracy, which is why the Swiss system is known as a semi-direct democracy. Direct democracy allows any citizen to challenge any law approved by the parliament or, at any time, propose a modification of the federal Constitution. In addition, in most cantons all votes are cast using paper ballots that are manually counted. At the federal level, voting ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
