Sursum Corda (Italy)
Sursum Corda was an Italian student movement organized with irredentist purposes before 1914. It may be considered one of the precursors of Fascism, fascist organizations in Italy and seems to have its origins in the Italian youth organisations from the first years of the 20th century such as the ''battaglioni studenteschi'' founded in 1906 (or so) in Milan. The model were the German Burschenschaften. Their Fiuman member was Nino Host Venturi, According to Host Venturi, he already in 1913 organised a ''Battaglione studenti volontari "Sursum Corda"'' in Brescia with students and expats from Austria-Hungary. They trained during weekends in the surrounding hills with the support from Italian regular army officers. In spring 1919 they had already a battalion-strength formation in Trieste. Nino Host Venturi kept the contacts with Gabriele D'Annunzio and organised his arrival in Fiume. Leo Negrelli from Trieste was another affiliate of the “Sursum Corda.”Nella notte del 12 settembre 5 ...
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Fascism
Fascism is a far-right, authoritarian, ultra-nationalist political ideology and movement,: "extreme militaristic nationalism, contempt for electoral democracy and political and cultural liberalism, a belief in natural social hierarchy and the rule of elites, and the desire to create a (German: “people’s community”), in which individual interests would be subordinated to the good of the nation" characterized by a dictatorial leader, centralized autocracy, militarism, forcible suppression of opposition, belief in a natural social hierarchy, subordination of individual interests for the perceived good of the nation and race, and strong regimentation of society and the economy. Fascism rose to prominence in early 20th-century Europe. The first fascist movements emerged in Italy during World War I, before spreading to other European countries, most notably Germany. Fascism also had adherents outside of Europe. Opposed to anarchism, democracy, pluralism, liberalism ...
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