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Supreme Court Of Tonga
The Supreme Court of Tonga is the superior court in Tonga. It hears criminal and civil cases and acts as an appellate court for Tonga's inferior courts, the Magistrates' Courts. Jurisdiction The Supreme Court can hear appeals as of right from any judgment or decision of the Magistrates' Courts. The Supreme Court has original jurisdiction to try civil matters when the amount in dispute exceeds T$500 and in all matters of divorce, probate and admiralty. It can try any criminal offence that is indictable as well as summary conviction offences that carry a maximum penalty more than T$500 and/or two years' imprisonment. The Supreme Court cannot hear appeals from the Land Court. Appeals from decisions of the Supreme Court may be heard by the Court of Appeal, which is the final court of appeal. Structure The Supreme Court is headed by the Lord Chief Justice of the Supreme Court; there are currently four active Supreme Courts in Tongatapu. The judges go on circuit to the other islands ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Superior Court
In common law systems, a superior court is a court of general jurisdiction over civil and criminal legal cases. A superior court is "superior" in relation to a court with limited jurisdiction (see small claims court), which is restricted to civil cases involving monetary amounts with a specific limit, or criminal cases involving offenses of a less serious nature. A superior court may hear appeals from lower courts (see court of appeal). For courts of general jurisdiction in civil law system, see ordinary court. Etymology The term "superior court" has its origins in the English court system. The royal courts were the highest courts in the country, with what would now be termed supervisory jurisdiction over baronial and local courts. Decisions of those courts could be reviewed by the royal courts, as part of the Crown's role as the ultimate fountain of justice. The royal courts became known as the "superior courts", and lower courts whose decisions could be reviewed by the royal c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Supreme Court
List of supreme courts States recognised by the United Nations States recognised by at least one United Nations member States not recognised by any United Nations members ''Sui generis'' entities International courts There are a number of international courts that are the highest courts of appeal for members of the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) and some of the countries of the Commonwealth of Nations respectively. However, the members of those organisations do sometimes have high courts of their own and their jurisdiction may be limited. See also * List of national governments * List of national leaders * List of national legislatures * Lists of supreme court justices The following are lists of justices of several national Supreme Courts: * : List of Justices of the High Court of Australia * : List of justices of the Supreme Court of Canada * : List of justices of the Federal Constitutional Court * : Lis ... References : This court is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tonga
Tonga (, ; ), officially the Kingdom of Tonga ( to, Puleʻanga Fakatuʻi ʻo Tonga), is a Polynesian country and archipelago. The country has 171 islands – of which 45 are inhabited. Its total surface area is about , scattered over in the southern Pacific Ocean. As of 2021, according to Johnson's Tribune, Tonga has a population of 104,494, 70% of whom reside on the main island, Tongatapu. The country stretches approximately north-south. It is surrounded by Fiji and Wallis and Futuna (France) to the northwest; Samoa to the northeast; New Caledonia (France) and Vanuatu to the west; Niue (the nearest foreign territory) to the east; and Kermadec (New Zealand) to the southwest. Tonga is about from New Zealand's North Island. First inhabited roughly 2,500 years ago by the Lapita civilization, Tonga's Polynesian settlers gradually evolved a distinct and strong ethnic identity, language, and culture as the Tongan people. They were quick to establish a powerful footing acr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tongan Paʻanga
The paanga is the currency of Tonga. It is controlled by the National Reserve Bank of Tonga (''Pangikē Pule Fakafonua o Tonga'') in Nukualofa. The paanga is not convertible and is pegged to a basket of currencies comprising the Australian, New Zealand, and United States dollars and the Japanese yen. The paanga is subdivided into 100 ''seniti.'' The ISO code is TOP, and the usual abbreviation is T$ (¢ for seniti). In Tonga, the paanga is often referred to in English as the dollar, the seniti as the cent and the hau as the union. There is also the unit of hau (1 hau = 100 paanga), but this is not used in everyday life and can be found only on commemorative coins of higher denominations. Etymology ''Paanga'' is the Tongan name for ''Entada phaseoloides'', also called the box bean or St. Thomas's bean, a bean-like vine producing large pods with large reddish-brown seeds. The seeds are roundish, up to 5 cm diameter and 1 or 2 cm thick. When strung together they are used ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Land Court Of Tonga
Land, also known as dry land, ground, or earth, is the solid terrestrial surface of the planet Earth that is not submerged by the ocean or other bodies of water. It makes up 29% of Earth's surface and includes the continents and various islands. Earth's land surface is almost entirely covered by regolith, a layer of rock, soil, and minerals that forms the outer part of the crust. Land plays important roles in Earth's climate system and is involved in the carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, and water cycle. One-third of land is covered in trees, 15% is used for crops, and 10% is covered in permanent snow and glaciers. Land terrain varies greatly and consists of mountains, deserts, plains, plateaus, glaciers, and other landforms. In physical geology, the land is divided into two major categories: mountain ranges and relatively flat interiors called cratons. Both are formed over millions of years through plate tectonics. A major part of Earth's water cycle, streams shape the lands ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Court Of Appeal Of Tonga
The Court of Appeal of Tonga is the supreme court in Tonga for all criminal and most civil matters. It hears criminal and civil appeals from the Supreme Court and also hears appeals from the Land Court. Jurisdiction An appeal from the Supreme Court to the Court of Appeal can be made as of by right unless it is a civil matter and the amount in dispute does not exceed T$1000. Orders made by consent, orders regarding costs, and interlocutory decisions also cannot be heard by the Court of Appeal without leave of the Court. An appeal from the Land Court to the Court of Appeal can also be made as of by right. However, matters relating to the determination of hereditary estates and titles are appealed to the Privy Council of Tonga. The Court of Appeal can also deliver advisory opinions when specifically requested to do so by the monarch, the Cabinet, or the Legislative Assembly. Structure The Court of Appeal is headed by the Chief Justice of Tonga. The Chief Justice and the other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monarch Of Tonga
This is a list of monarchs of Tonga since 1845, after the Constitution of Tonga established the role of the monarch. The first monarch of Tonga was George Tupou I. 2008 cession of powers Three days before his coronation on 1 August 2008, then-King George Tupou V announced that he would relinquish most of his powers and be guided by the Prime Minister of Tonga's recommendations on most matters. Budget allocation to monarchy Annual budget allocation to monarchy is T$ 4,894,900 ( US$2,116,799). Lists of earlier monarchs of Tonga *Tuʻi Tonga, rulers of Tonga from 950 to 1470. *Tuʻi Haʻatakalaua, rulers of Tonga from 1470 to 1800. * Tuʻi Kanokupolu, rulers of Tonga from 1800 to the present day. George Tupou I, the first king of Tonga, was the 19th Tuʻi Kanokupolu. List of monarchs of Tonga (1845–present) Timeline Royal standards File:Royal Standard of Tonga (1862-1875).svg, Royal standard of Tonga (1862–1875) File:Royal Standard of Tonga.svg, Roy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Commonwealth Of Nations
The Commonwealth of Nations, simply referred to as the Commonwealth, is a political association of 56 member states, the vast majority of which are former territories of the British Empire. The chief institutions of the organisation are the Commonwealth Secretariat, which focuses on intergovernmental aspects, and the Commonwealth Foundation, which focuses on non-governmental relations amongst member states. Numerous organisations are associated with and operate within the Commonwealth. The Commonwealth dates back to the first half of the 20th century with the decolonisation of the British Empire through increased self-governance of its territories. It was originally created as the British Commonwealth of Nations through the Balfour Declaration at the 1926 Imperial Conference, and formalised by the United Kingdom through the Statute of Westminster in 1931. The current Commonwealth of Nations was formally constituted by the London Declaration in 1949, which modernised the comm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laki Niu
Laki Niu is a Tongan judge and former Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tonga. He was the first Tongan to sit on the Supreme Court of Tonga in over a hundred years. Niu is a lawyer and was educated at the University of Auckland in New Zealand. In 1986 he challenged the government in court over improper parliamentary proceedings, and was subsequently elected as a People's Representative for Tongatapu in the 1987 Tongan general election. He was re-elected in 1990, but lost his seat in 1993 after splitting with ʻAkilisi Pōhiva over the formalisation of the Human Rights and Democracy Movement The Human Rights and Democracy Movement (HRDM) is a political party in Tonga. Its leader is Uliti Uata. The HRDM was founded in the late 1970s as an informal group of Tongans interested in democratic reform. It was formalised in 1992 as the Pro ... into a political party. and the type of democracy it advocated. He subsequently served as President of the Tongan Law Society and remained a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petunia Tupou
Petunia Tupou is a Tongan lawyer and jurist. Since 2022 she has been a judge of the Supreme Court of Tonga. Tupou was educated at the University of Waikato in New Zealand, graduating in 1996 with a BA and LLB. She was admitted to the bar in New Zealand in 1996, and in Tonga in 1997. In September 2015 she was appointed honorary consul for the Netherlands. She is also chair of the Tonga Broadcasting Commission. In April 2021 she was appointed to the board of the Tonga Tourism Authority. In September 2020 she was made a King's Counsel. In July 2022 she was appointed as a judge of the Supreme Court of Tonga, replacing Laki Niu. She was the second woman appointed as a judge, after 'Elisapeti Langi. She will be sworn in on 1 August 2022. Honours ;National honours * Order of the Crown of Tonga The Royal Order of the Crown of Tonga ('' Tongan: Fakalangilangi 'o Kalauni 'o Tonga'') is an Order of Merit awarded for exceptional services to Tonga and the Crown of Tonga. History It was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
_Entada_phaseoloides_deux_graines.jpg "Click for more on -> Tongan Paʻanga")
