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Superior Council For Private Enterprise
The Superior Council for Private Enterprise (Consejo Superior de la Empresa Privada, or COSEP) is a leading business chamber in Nicaragua. As of September 2020, its president is Michael Healy, elected to a three-year term. He succeeded José Adán Aguerri, who was COSEP’s President for 13 years. Historically COSEP has been the main organization of Nicaraguan big business, and in the late 20th century was composed of prosperous families from the Pacific coast cities, who dominated commerce and banking. During the Sandinista revolution (1979–1990), COSEP opposed the Sandinistas’ economic policies. Later, in 1990 when the conservative candidate of the National Opposition Union (UNO), Violeta Barrios de Chamorro, defeated Sandinista Daniel Ortega for president, COSEP was part of the alliance of 14 opposition groups that made up UNO. When a more pragmatic approach allowed Ortega to be re-elected president in 2006, COSEP worked in cooperation with him. The arrangement, touted ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicaragua
Nicaragua (; ), officially the Republic of Nicaragua (), is the largest country in Central America, bordered by Honduras to the north, the Caribbean to the east, Costa Rica to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Managua is the country's capital and largest city. , it was estimated to be the second largest city in Central America. Nicaragua's multiethnic population of six million includes people of mestizo, indigenous, European and African heritage. The main language is Spanish. Indigenous tribes on the Mosquito Coast speak their own languages and English. Originally inhabited by various indigenous cultures since ancient times, the region was conquered by the Spanish Empire in the 16th century. Nicaragua gained independence from Spain in 1821. The Mosquito Coast followed a different historical path, being colonized by the English in the 17th century and later coming under British rule. It became an autonomous territory of Nicaragua in 1860 and its northernmost part ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michael Healy Lacayo
Michael Healy Lacayo ( – 25 January 2024) was a Nicaraguan businessman. He was president of the Superior Council for Private Enterprise, Nicaragua’s leading business chamber, from September 2020 until his arrest in October 2021 in a wave of repression of opposition figures by Daniel Ortega’s government in the run-up to the 2021 Nicaraguan presidential election. He was one of 222 prisoners exiled by Ortega in February 2023. Business and civic career Michael Healy was president of the Union of Agricultural Producers of Nicaragua (UPANIC), as a sugar cane and banana producer. He was also vice-president of the Superior Council for Private Enterprise (COSEP), the country’s leading business chamber. In this capacity, Healy joined the 2018 national dialogues following the outbreak of protests against President Daniel Ortega, in which the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACHR) reported that at least 328 were killed. Until the unilateral social security reforms that touc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
José Adán Aguerri
José Adán Aguerri Chamorro (born ), nicknamed Chanito, is a Nicaraguan economist and civic leader. He is the former president of Nicaraguan business chamber, the Superior Council for Private Enterprise (COSEP), where he worked closely with Nicaraguan President Daniel Ortega as a strong proponent of the "consensus model" that gave the business community a large degree of influence over economic policy in exchange for supporting Ortega. However, the consensus broke down over social security reforms and human rights abuses in April 2018 and Aguerri became a vocal critic of Ortega. Aguerri was arrested in June 2021 along with a number of other opposition leaders including six opposition pre-candidates seeking to challenge Ortega's reelection bid in the 2021 Nicaraguan general election. Early life and family Born , José Adán Aguerri Chamorro is the son of Hilda Chamorro and José Adán "Chanito" Aguerri Hurtado. The elder Chanito, with his father, opened the Aguerri Theater, Ni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicaraguan Revolution
The Nicaraguan Revolution ( es, Revolución Nicaragüense or Revolución Popular Sandinista, link=no) encompassed the rising opposition to the Somoza dictatorship in the 1960s and 1970s, the campaign led by the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) to oust the dictatorship in 1978–79, the subsequent efforts of the FSLN to govern Nicaragua from 1979 to 1990, and the Contra War, which was waged between the FSLN-led government of Nicaragua and the United States–backed Contras from 1981 to 1990. The revolution marked a significant period in the history of Nicaragua and revealed the country as one of the major proxy war battlegrounds of the Cold War, attracting much international attention. The initial overthrow of the Somoza regime in 1978–79 was a dirty affair, and the Contra War of the 1980s took the lives of tens of thousands of Nicaraguans and was the subject of fierce international debate. Because of the political turmoil failing economy, and decreasing government i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Opposition Union
National Opposition Union ( es, Unión Nacional Opositora, UNO) was a Nicaraguan wide-range coalition of opposition parties formed to oppose president Daniel Ortega's Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) in the 1990 election. Its candidate Violeta Chamorro eventually won the race. UNO traced its origins back to the Nicaraguan Democratic Coordinating Group (Coordinadora Democrática Nicaragüense—CDN), which was formed in 1982 by different opposition groups. At the time of the election, of the UNO coalition's fourteen political parties, four were considered conservative, seven could be characterised as centrist parties, and three – including Nicaragua's Communists – had traditionally been on the far left of the political spectrum. Despite internal struggle, the UNO coalition under Violeta Chamorro succeeded in its campaign centered on the economic downfall and promises of peace. Chamorro promised to end military draft, initiate democratic reconciliation, and resto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Violeta Barrios De Chamorro
Violeta Barrios Torres de Chamorro (; 18 October 1929) is a Nicaraguan politician who served as President of Nicaragua from 1990 to 1997. She was the first and, as of 2022, only woman to hold the position of president of Nicaragua. Born into a landed family in southern Nicaragua, Chamorro was partially educated in the United States. After returning to her home country, she married and raised a family. Her husband, Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Cardenal, was a journalist working at his family's newspaper, ''La Prensa'', which he later inherited. As a result of his anti-government stance, he was often jailed or exiled, forcing Chamorro to spend a decade following him abroad or visiting him in jail. When he was assassinated in 1978, Chamorro took over the newspaper. Pedro's murder strengthened the Nicaraguan Revolution and his image, as wielded by his widow, became a powerful symbol for the opposition forces. Initially, when the Sandinistas were victorious over Anastasio Somoza Debay ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daniel Ortega
José Daniel Ortega Saavedra (; born 11 November 1945) is a Nicaraguans, Nicaraguan revolutionary and politician serving as President of Nicaragua since 2007. Previously he was leader of Nicaragua from 1979 to 1990, first as coordinator of the Junta of National Reconstruction (1979–1985) and then as President of Nicaragua (1985–1990). In the 1984 Nicaraguan general election, Ortega won Nicaragua's presidential election as the FSLN's candidate. A Marxist–Leninist, Ortega pursued a program of nationalization, land reform, wealth redistribution, and the Nicaraguan Literacy Campaign during his first period in office. A leader in the Sandinista National Liberation Front ( es, Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional, FSLN), he implemented policies to achieve leftist reforms across Nicaragua. In later years, Ortega's left-wing radical politics cooled significantly, leading him to pursue pro-business policies and even rapprochement with the Catholic Church. This was followed i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicaraguan Social Security Institute
The Nicaraguan Social Security Institute (Instituto Nicaragüense de Seguridad Social, or INSS) oversees the Nicaraguan social security system. It was legally established in 1956 and first implemented in 1957. The social security system provided pension, disability and healthcare benefits to members. The system is funded by employer and employee contributions, amounting to about 5% of GDP in 2016. As of 2017 only about 32% of the work force were members largely due to high levels of informal employment. Pensions become payable at 60 years of age, or 55 for miners and teachers, subject to 750 weeks (about 15 years) of contributions. In 2006, President Enrique Bolaños released an actuarial study conducted by an Inter-institutional Technical Commission (Comisión Técnica Interinstitucional, or CTI) that anticipated coming deficits in spite of the program's solvency at the time (in 2007, income exceeded expenses). Subsequent studies by the INSS also suggested the program would face d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Civic Alliance (Nicaragua)
Civic Alliance may refer to: * Civic Alliance Foundation, an NGO in Romania * Civic Alliance (Bosnia and Herzegovina), a political party * Civic Alliance of Kosovo, a political party in Kosovo * Civic Alliance of Serbia, a political party in Serbia * Civic Democratic Alliance, a political party in the Czech Republic * Civic Liberal Alliance, a political party in Croatia * Center Civic Alliance The Center Civic Alliance ( pl, Porozumienie Obywatelskie Centrum), abbreviated as POC, was a center-right electoral alliance of several political parties that participated in the 1991 Polish parliamentary election. The Center Civic Alliance was ch ..., a political coalition in Poland * Hungarian Civic Alliance (other), multiple political parties * Civil Alliance, a political party in Jordan See also * Citizens' Alliance (other) {{disambig, political ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Álvaro Vargas
Álvaro (, , ) is a Spanish, Galician and Portuguese male given name and surname (see Spanish naming customs) of Visigothic origin. Some claim it may be related to the Old Norse name Alfarr, formed of the elements ''alf'' "elf" and ''arr'' "warrior", but the absence of Visigothic names containing the particle "alf" or "elf" evident in Kremer's Onomastik suggests that it may come from other forms, like "all" and maybe "ward". Given name Artists *Alvaro (DJ), a DJ *Álvaro Díaz González (born 1972), Chilean screenwriter, producer and director *Álvaro Guerrero, Mexican film actor *Álvaro Guevara, Chilean painter * Álvaro López, British drummer *Álvaro Morte, Spanish film actor *Álvaro Mutis, Colombian poet, novelist, and essayist *Álvaro Pierri, Uruguayan classical guitarist *Álvaro Soler, Spanish singer and songwriter *Álvaro Torres, Salvadoran singer and songwriter Politicians and statesmen *Álvaro Alsogaray (1913 - 2005), Argentine liberal politician. *Álvaro Arzú ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Law 1055
Law is a set of rules that are created and are enforceable by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior,Robertson, ''Crimes against humanity'', 90. with its precise definition a matter of longstanding debate. It has been variously described as a science and as the art of justice. State-enforced laws can be made by a group legislature or by a single legislator, resulting in statutes; by the executive through decrees and regulations; or established by judges through precedent, usually in common law jurisdictions. Private individuals may create legally binding contracts, including arbitration agreements that adopt alternative ways of resolving disputes to standard court litigation. The creation of laws themselves may be influenced by a constitution, written or tacit, and the rights encoded therein. The law shapes politics, economics, history and society in various ways and serves as a mediator of relations between people. Legal systems vary between jurisdictions, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
