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Sultanate Of Swat
The Sultanate of Swat was a Dardic kingdom centred around the city of Manglawar between the 12th and 16th centuries. It was strongest of the several Dardic-speaking states in the region, encompassing the Malakand, Buner, Swat and Dir valleys, as well as upper Hazara region. During the most of 15th century, the kingdom bordered Kashmir Sultanate to the east, Delhi Sultanate to the south, Timurid Empire to the west and the state of Chitral to the north. The last notable ruler was Sultan Awes Jahangiri, during whose reign the Sultanate was ultimately conquered between 1510 and 1518 after a series of battles by Yousafza'i Pashtuns under the leadership of Malik Ahmed Baba with the assistance of Mughal ruler Babur. This led to the Pashtunization of the Swat and Dir regions. Some accounts trace the origins of Shah Mir dynasty of Kashmir from these rulers of Swāt. References Sources * * * {{Coord, 34, 24, 30, N, 73, 10, 30, E, display=title Mansehra District Swat Distri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dardistan
The Dardic languages (also Dardu or Pisaca) or Hindu-Kush Indo-Aryan languages, are a group of several Indo-Aryan languages spoken in northern Pakistan, northwestern India and parts of northeastern Afghanistan. The term "Dardic" is stated to be only a geographic convention used to denote the northwesternmost group of Indo-Aryan languages rather than any ethnic or linguistic basis. There is no ethnic unity among the speakers of these languages nor the languages can be traced to a single linguistic tree model, being mostly very distinct from each another, with each language varying considerably among themselves. The languages and peoples are often referred to as Kohistani, mostly by the Pashtuns and also by themselves. History Early British efforts placed almost all the peoples and languages of the upper Indus River between Kashmir and Kabul into one unitary group, coining the distinct identities of all other peoples in the region, resulting in the formation of terms such as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yousafzai
The Yusufzai or Yousafzai ( ps, یوسفزی, ), also referred to as the Esapzai (, ) are one of the largest tribes of ethnic Pashtuns. They are natively based in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, to which they migrated to from Suliman mountains during the 16th century, but they are also present in smaller numbers in parts of Afghanistan, including Kunar, Kabul, Kandahar and Farah. Outside of these countries, they can be found in Rohilkhand, Bannu Ghoriwala (Mughal Khel), Balochistan Sibi (Akazai) and Chagai (Hassanzai). Their name may originate from the names of the ''Aspasioi'' and the ''Aśvakan'', who were the ancient inhabitants of the Kunar, Swat, and adjoining valleys in the Hindu Kush. Most of the Yusufzai speak a northern variety of Pashto and some southern variety of Pashto (as in case of Mughal Khel) and Afghan dialect Persian; the Yusufzai dialect is considered prestigious in Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. Etymology In Pashto phonology, as /f/ is found ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Former Sultanates
A former is an object, such as a template, gauge or cutting die, which is used to form something such as a boat's hull. Typically, a former gives shape to a structure that may have complex curvature. A former may become an integral part of the finished structure, as in an aircraft fuselage, or it may be removable, being using in the construction process and then discarded or re-used. Aircraft formers Formers are used in the construction of aircraft fuselage, of which a typical fuselage has a series from the nose to the empennage, typically perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the aircraft. The primary purpose of formers is to establish the shape of the fuselage and reduce the column length of stringers to prevent instability. Formers are typically attached to longerons, which support the skin of the aircraft. The "former-and-longeron" technique (also called stations and stringers) was adopted from boat construction, and was typical of light aircraft built until the ad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
The History of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa refers to the history of the modern-day Pakistani province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, including the former Federally Administered Tribal Areas, which has colloquially been referred to as Pashtunistan. The earliest evidence from the region indicates that trade was common via the Khyber Pass; originating from the Indus Valley Civilization. The early people of the region were a Vedic people known as the Pakthas, identified with the modern day Pakhtun peoples. The Vedic culture reached its peak between the 6th and 1st centuries B.C under the Gandharan Civilization, and was identified as a center of Hindu and Buddhist learning and scholarship. The area saw a brief shock during the invasions of Alexander the Great, which had managed to conquer the small Janapadas, or city states, that had ruled the region. Seizing the resulting instability and inexperience of the local Greek governors, a young prince named Chandragupta Maurya managed to take control of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Pakistan
The history of Pakistan precedes the country's creation in 1947. Although, Pakistan was created in 1947 as a whole new country by the British through partition of India, but the history of the land extends much further back and is intertwined with that of Afghanistan, India, and Iran. Spanning the northwestern expanse of the Indian subcontinent and the eastern borderlands of the Iranian plateau, the region of present-day Pakistan served both as the fertile ground of a major civilization and as the gateway of South Asia to Central Asia and the Near East. Quote: "Numerous passageways through the northwestern frontiers of the Indian subcontinent in modern Pakistan and Afghanistan served as migration routes to South Asia from the Iranian plateau and the Central Asian steppes. Prehistoric and protohistoric exchanges across the Hindu Kush, Karakoram, and Himalaya ranges demonstrate earlier precedents for routes through the high mountain passes and river valleys in later hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mansehra District
Mansehra District is a district in Hazara Division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province in Pakistan. It was established as a district in 1976, prior to which it was a tehsil within the former Hazara District. Two former subdivisions of Mansehra were split off into separate districts: Battagram in 1993, and Torghar District (formerly known as Kala Dhaka) in 2011. Demographics At the time of the 2017 census the district had a population of 1,555,742, of which 771,976 were males and 783,509 females. Rural population was 1,410,844 (90.69%) while the urban population was 144,898 (9.31%). The literacy rate was 62.56% - the male literacy rate was 75.25% while the female literacy rate was 50.41%. 427 people in the district were from religious minorities. At the time of the 2017 census, 66.48% of the population spoke Hindko and 17.02% Pashto as their first language. 14.26% of the population spoke a language recorded as 'Others' on the census. Many of these, especially in the upper Kaghan Va ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shah Mir Dynasty
The Shah Mir dynasty was a dynasty that ruled the region of Kashmir in the Indian subcontinent. The dynasty is named after its founder, Shah Mir. During the rule of the dynasty from 1339 to 1561, Islam forcefully established in Kashmir. Origins The dynasty was established by Shah Mir in 1339 CE, there are two theories regarding Shah Mir's origin. Historian A. Q. Rafiqi states that some Persian chronicles of Kashmir describe Shah Mir as a descendant of the rulers of Swat. He thinks it more likely that he was a descendant of Turkish or Persian immigrants to Swat, who had intermarried with local indigenous peoples. It has also been suggested that he belonged to a family which accompanied the sage Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani, and who were associated to either the Kubrawiya، Sufi groups in Kashmir. According to Jonaraja, Shah Mir was the descendant of Partha (Arjuna) of Mahabharata fame. Abu ’l-Fadl Allami, Nizam al-Din and Firishta also state that Shah Mir traced his descent to Arju ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pashtunization
Pashtunization ( ps, پښتون جوړونه), also called Pathanization, is a process of cultural or linguistic change in which someone or something non-Pashtun becomes acculturated to Pashtun influence. Pashtuns are the largest ethnic group in Afghanistan and second-largest in Pakistan. Dynasties and settlements People become Pashtunized when they settle in Pashtun-dominated areas and adopt Pashtun culture and language. Pashtunization is a specific form of cultural assimilation and has been taking place in Pashtun-populated regions of Afghanistan and Pakistan for several centuries. The Khalaj were originally a Turkic tribe which had long domiciled in the Ghazni, Qalati Ghilji (also known as Qalati Khalji), and Zabulistan regions of present-day Afghanistan. They intermarried with the local Pashtuns and gradually adopted the Pashtun culture. Najib Bakran's geography, ''Jahān Nāma'' (c. 12001220), described the Khalaj as a "tribe of Turks" that had been going throug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Babur
Babur ( fa, , lit= tiger, translit= Bābur; ; 14 February 148326 December 1530), born Mīrzā Zahīr ud-Dīn Muhammad, was the founder of the Mughal Empire in the Indian subcontinent. He was a descendant of Timur and Genghis Khan through his father and mother respectively.F. LehmannẒahīr-al-Dīn Moḥammad Bābor In Encyclopædia Iranica. Online Ed. December 1988 (updated August 2011). "Bābor, Ẓahīr-al-Dīn Moḥammad son of Umar Sheikh Mirza, (6 Moḥarram 886-6 Jomādā I 937/14 February 1483 – 26 December 1530), Timurid prince, military genius, and literary craftsman who escaped the bloody political arena of his Central Asian birthplace to found the Mughal Empire in India. His origin, milieu, training, and education were steeped in Muslim culture and so Bābor played significant role for the fostering of this culture by his descendants, the Mughals of India, and for the expansion of Islam in the Indian subcontinent, with brilliant literary, artistic, and histo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malak Ahmad Khan Yusufzai
Malak Ahmad Khan Yusufzai (1460–1530) also known as Malak Ahmad Baba was an Afghan chief and warrior. He belonged to the Razar Mandanr clan of the Yousafzai. Ahmad Khan's life was spent in fighting and resettling the Yusufzai in modern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The Yusufzai fought the Dilazak and Sultan Awais Swati for control of northern KPK. The Dilzaks had initially given refuge to the Yusufzai before they were driven out by them. After being expelled, Malak Ahmad Khan replaced his uncle Malak Suleiman Shah as the chief of the Yusufzai. Through Bibi Mubarika marriage to Babur, the Yusufzai finally made peace with the Mughals and were able to establish their stronghold in Dir, Swat, Buner, Malakand, Swabi and Mardan with Thana, Malakand as the capital. Bibi Mubarika was the daughter of Shah Mansur, who was the son of Malak Suleiman Shah and the cousin of Malak Ahmad Khan. Early life Ahmad Khan was born in or around 1460 to the Mandanr Yusufzai tribe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chitral
Chitral ( khw, , lit=field, translit=ćhitrār; ur, , translit=ćitrāl) is situated on the Chitral River in northern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It serves as the capital of the Chitral District and before that as the capital of Chitral princely state that encompassed the region until its direct incorporation into West Pakistan on 14 August 1947. It has a population of 49,780 per the 2017 census. History Gankoreneotek Grave This city was founded as the name of Qāshqār in ancient timesIt was famous Gandharan trade route at this time.Gankorineotek cemetery is also existed here. Early history The Kho Chitralis came to Chitral as part of the Indo-Aryan migration into South Asia. They settled in the northern parts of Chitral near the Torkhow and Mulkhow Region. Ancient era The existence of the Gandharan Grave Culture in Chitral, found in various grave sites scattered over its valleys, indicate its proximity towards the Gandharan culture alongside giving insigh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manglawar
Manglawar (also spelled Manglor) ( ur, منگلور; ps, منګلور) is an administrative unit, known as Union council or Ward of Tehsil Babuzai, of Swat District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is located at 34°48'30.7"N 72°25'50.0"E with an average altitude of 987 meters (3,238.19 feet). Administrative division Manglawar is divided into sub-parts for better administrative hold. Manglawar is divided on the basis of two systems: * 1967-based: This division is based upon West Pakistan Land Revenue Act, 1967 (W.P. Act No. XVII of 1967). According to this division Manglawar is Union Council which also includes Union Council Aka Maruf Khel i-e: ( Bishbanr, Kass, Banjot & Sar Sardaray) Goratai, Taligram etc. This system is still used in most of Patwar and Land revenue systems. * KPK Local Government-based: This division is based upon the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Local Government System and Act 2013 which was recommended on 31 October 2013, and was practic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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