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Sulayman Ibn Al-Hasan Ibn Makhlad
Sulayman ibn al-Hasan ibn Makhlad () () was an official of the Abbasid Caliphate. The son of the former vizier al-Hasan ibn Makhlad al-Jarrah, Sulayman rose to occupy the office of vizier three times, in 930–931, 936, and lastly in 940–941, under the '' amir al-umara'' Bajkam. According to the modern historian of the Abbasid vizierate, Dominique Sourdel Dominique Sourdel (31 Januar 1921, Pont-Sainte-Maxence – 4 March 2014, Neuilly-sur-Seine) was a French historian who specialized in Medieval Islam. He was professor of the Paris-Sorbonne University. Books *''L'Islam (1949)'', PUF, ''Que sais ..., he was "remarkable mainly for his ineptitude". Sources * 9th-century births 10th-century deaths Viziers of the Abbasid Caliphate {{Islam-bio-stub 10th-century Arab people ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abbasid Caliphate
The Abbasid Caliphate ( or ; ar, الْخِلَافَةُ الْعَبَّاسِيَّة, ') was the third caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It was founded by a dynasty descended from Muhammad's uncle, Abbas ibn Abdul-Muttalib (566–653 CE), from whom the dynasty takes its name. They ruled as caliphs for most of the caliphate from their capital in Baghdad in modern-day Iraq, after having overthrown the Umayyad Caliphate in the Abbasid Revolution of 750 CE (132 AH). The Abbasid Caliphate first centered its government in Kufa, modern-day Iraq, but in 762 the caliph Al-Mansur founded the city of Baghdad, near the ancient Babylonian capital city of Babylon. Baghdad became the center of science, culture and invention in what became known as the Golden Age of Islam. This, in addition to housing several key academic institutions, including the House of Wisdom, as well as a multiethnic and multi-religious environment, garnered it a worldwide reputation as the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vizier (Abbasid Caliphate)
The vizier ( ar, وزير, wazīr) was the senior minister of the Abbasid Caliphate, and set a model that was widely emulated in the Muslim world. Many viziers came to enjoy considerable power, even at times eclipsing the Abbasid caliphs and using them as puppets. The majority of the viziers were of non-Arab origin, and several were also notable patrons of poets and scholars, sponsoring the Translation Movement as well as religious works. History The term ''wazīr'' originally meant "helper", and appears in this sense in the Quran. It was later adopted as a title, in the form of () by the proto-Shi'a leaders al-Mukhtar and Abu Salama. Under the Abbasid caliphs, the term acquired the meaning of 'representative' or 'deputy'. Early period The exact origins of the office of vizier are not entirely clear. Some historians have suggested that it should be traced to pre-Islamic practices in Sasanian Persia (cf. ''wuzurg framadar''), but others have stressed an independent evolution in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Hasan Ibn Makhlad Al-Jarrah
Al-Hasan ibn Makhlad ibn al-Jarrah () was a senior official of the Abbasid Caliphate. Born a Nestorian Christian, he converted to Islam late in life, and served as secretary under Caliph al-Mutawakkil (r. 847–861). Under Caliph al-Mu'tamid (r. 870–892) he occupied twice the highest civil administrative office, that of vizier, first in 877 and again in 878/9. He was dismissed by the powerful regent, the Caliph's brother al-Muwaffaq, and exiled to Egypt and then Antioch, where he probably died in 882. His son Sulayman Sulayman (Arabic: سُلِيمَان ''sulaymān'') is an Arabic name of the Biblical king and Islamic prophet Solomon meaning "man of peace", derived from the Hebrew name Shlomo. The name Sulayman is a diminutive of the name Salman (سَلْ ... also served thrice as vizier of the Caliphate. Sources * 9th-century births 882 deaths Viziers of the Abbasid Caliphate Converts to Islam from Christianity Nestorians in the Abbasid Caliphate {{Is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bajkam
Abū al-Husayn Bajkam al-Mākānī ( ar, أبو الحسين بجكم المكاني), referred to as Bajkam, Badjkam or Bachkam (from ''Bäčkäm'', a Persian and Turkish word meaning a horse- or yak-tailCanard (1960), pp. 866–867), was a Turkish military commander and official of the Abbasid Caliphate. A former ''ghulam'' of the Ziyarid dynasty, Bajkam entered Abbasid service following the assassination of the Ziyarid ruler Mardavij in 935. During his five-year tenure at the Caliphate's court at Baghdad, he was granted the title of '' amir al-umara'', consolidating his dominance over the caliphs al-Radi and al-Muttaqi and giving him absolute power over their domains. Bajkam was challenged throughout his rule by various opponents, including his predecessor as ''amir al-umara'', Muhammad ibn Ra'iq, the Basra-based Baridis, and the Buyid dynasty of Iran, but he succeeded in retaining control until his death. He was murdered by a party of Kurds during a hunting excursion in 941, sh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dominique Sourdel
Dominique Sourdel (31 Januar 1921, Pont-Sainte-Maxence – 4 March 2014, Neuilly-sur-Seine) was a French historian who specialized in Medieval Islam. He was professor of the Paris-Sorbonne University. Books *''L'Islam (1949)'', PUF, ''Que sais-je? "Que sais-je?" (QSJ) (; Literally: "What do I know?", ) is an editorial collection published by the Presses universitaires de France (PUF). The aim of the series is to provide the lay reader with an accessible introduction to a field of study wr ...'' nº355, 2002, 21ª ed. aggiornata :* *''Le vizirat abbasside de 749 à 936 (132 à 324 de l'Hégire)'', Damas, PIFD, 1959 *''La civilisation de l'islam classique'', Arthaud « Les Grandes Civilisations », I ediz. 1968, con Janine Sourdel *''L'État impérial des califes abbassides'', PUF, "Islamiques", 1999 *''Histoire des arabes (1976)'', PUF, « Que sais-je ? », nº 1627, 2003 * ''L'islam médiéval (1979)'', PUF, "Quadrige", 2005 *: * *''Vocabulaire de l'islam (2002)'', PUF, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
9th-century Births
The 9th century was a period from 801 ( DCCCI) through 900 ( CM) in accordance with the Julian calendar. The Carolingian Renaissance and the Viking raids occurred within this period. In the Middle East, the House of Wisdom was founded in Abbasid Baghdad, attracting many scholars to the city. The field of algebra was founded by the Muslim polymath al-Khwarizmi. The most famous Islamic Scholar Ahmad ibn Hanbal was tortured and imprisoned by Abbasid official Ahmad ibn Abi Du'ad during the reign of Abbasid caliph al-Mu'tasim and caliph al-Wathiq. In Southeast Asia, the height of the Mataram Kingdom happened in this century, while Burma would see the establishment of the major kingdom of Pagan. Tang China started the century with the effective rule under Emperor Xianzong and ended the century with the Huang Chao rebellions. While the Maya experienced widespread political collapse in the central Maya region, resulting in internecine warfare, the abandonment of cities, and a northward ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
10th-century Deaths
1 (one, unit, unity) is a number representing a single or the only entity. 1 is also a numerical digit and represents a single unit of counting or measurement. For example, a line segment of ''unit length'' is a line segment of length 1. In conventions of sign where zero is considered neither positive nor negative, 1 is the first and smallest positive integer. It is also sometimes considered the first of the infinite sequence of natural numbers, followed by 2, although by other definitions 1 is the second natural number, following 0. The fundamental mathematical property of 1 is to be a multiplicative identity, meaning that any number multiplied by 1 equals the same number. Most if not all properties of 1 can be deduced from this. In advanced mathematics, a multiplicative identity is often denoted 1, even if it is not a number. 1 is by convention not considered a prime number; this was not universally accepted until the mid-20th century. Additionally, 1 is the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viziers Of The Abbasid Caliphate
A vizier (; ar, وزير, wazīr; fa, وزیر, vazīr), or wazir, is a high-ranking political advisor or minister in the near east. The Abbasid caliphs gave the title ''wazir'' to a minister formerly called ''katib'' (secretary), who was at first merely a helper but afterwards became the representative and successor of the ''dapir'' (official scribe or secretary) of the Sassanian kings. In modern usage, the term has been used for government ministers in much of the Middle East and beyond. Several alternative spellings are used in English, such as ''vizir'', ''wazir'', and ''vezir''. Etymology Vizier is suggested to be an Iranian word, from the Pahlavi root of ''vičir'', which originally had the meaning of a ''decree'', ''mandate'', and ''command'', but later as its use in Dinkard also suggests, came to mean ''judge'' or ''magistrate''. Arthur Jeffery considers the word to be a "good Iranian" word, as has a well-established root in Avestan language. The Pahlavi ''viči ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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