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Sukjong Of Goryeo
Sukjong of Goryeo (2 September 1054 – 10 November 1105) (r. 1095–1105) was the 15th ruler of the Goryeo dynasty of Korea. Sukjong rose to the throne in 1095 upon the abdication of his young nephew, Heonjong. He oversaw various internal innovations, including the distribution of the country's first brass coins (in 1102) and the construction of the new Southern Capital (''Namgyeong'', present-day Seoul). However, he was also faced by threats from without, most notably an 1104 invasion by the northern Jurchen tribes. Unable to repel the Jurchens by force, he sent his general Yun Gwan to raise an army and repulse them. This army is known as Byeolmuban and consisted of three separate divisions. Sukjong died the following year, while on the way to the western capital, Pyongyang. Challenges of Sukjong's reign can be summarized in his own words: Family *Father: Munjong of Goryeo (고려 문종) **Grandfather: Hyeonjong of Goryeo (고려 현종) **Grandmother: Queen Wonhye (원 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Monarchs Of Korea
This is a list of monarchs of Korea, arranged by dynasty. Names are romanized according to the South Korean Revised Romanization of Korean. McCune–Reischauer romanizations may be found at the articles about the individual monarchs. Gojoseon Gojoseon (2333 BC – 108 BC) was the first Korean kingdom. According to legend, it was founded by Dangun in 2333 BC. Bronze Age archaeological evidence of Gojoseon culture is found in northern Korea and Liaoning. By the 9th to 4th century BC, various historical and archaeological evidence shows Gojoseon was a flourishing state and a self-declared kingdom. Both Dangun and Gija are believed to be mythological figures, but recent findings suggest and theorize that since Gojoseon was a kingdom with artifacts dating back to the 4th millennium BC, Dangun and Gija may have been royal or imperial titles used for the monarchs of Gojoseon, hence the use of Dangun for 1900 years. * :"An extreme manifestation of nationalism and the family cult was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Munjong Of Goryeo
Munjong of Goryeo (29 December 1019 – 2 September 1083) was the 11th monarch of the Goryeo Dynasty, who ruled Korea from 1046 to 1083. King Munjong was born in 1019, and reigned from 1046 until his death in 1083. During his reign, the central government of Goryeo gained complete authority and power over local lords. Munjong, and later Kings, emphasized the importance of civilian leadership over the military. Munjong expanded Korea's borders northward to the Yalu and Tumen Rivers. Munjong's fourth son, Uicheon (born 1055), became a Buddhist priest who founded the Cheontae as an independent school of Buddhism. Family *Father: Hyeonjong of Goryeo *Mother: Queen Wonhye *Consorts and their Respective issue(s): # Queen Inpyeong of the Ansan Kim clan; half younger sister – No issue. #Queen Inye of the Gyeongwon Yi clan (d. 1092) ## Crown Prince Wang Hun ## Wang Un, Duke Gukwon ## Wang Ong, Duke Gyerim ## Wang Hu ##Wang Su, Duke Sangan (왕수 상안공) ## Wang Taeng ##Wang Bi, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Queen Wonhye
Queen Wonhye of the Ansan Gim clan (; d. 31 July 1022), posthumously and commonly known as Queen Mother Wonhye () was the 4th wife of King Hyeonjong of Goryeo, younger sister of Queen Wonseong and elder sister of Queen Wonpyeong. Life She was born into the Ansan Gim clan as the mid and second daughter of Gim Eun-bu (김은부) and Lady Yi, daughter of Yi Heo-gyeom (이허겸) from the Incheon Yi clan. Alongside her elder sister, she entered King Hyeonjong's palace around 1011 CE. She was honoured as Princess Anbok (안복궁주, 安福宮主) while living in Anbok Palace (안복궁, 安福宮). This later changed into Princess Yeondeok (연덕궁주, 延德宮主) when she moved to Yeondeok Palace (연덕궁, 延德宮). Death and legacy In 1022, the 13th year of her husband's reign, Lady Gim died. Three years later, she was posthumously honoured as a queen consort. She was also honoured as Queen Pyeonggyeong (평경왕후, 平敬王后) in 1027 and buried in Hoereung Tomb (회 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyeonjong Of Goryeo
Hyeonjong of Goryeo (1 August 992 – 17 June 1031, r. 1009–1031) was the 8th ruler of the Goryeo dynasty of Korea. He was a grandson of King Taejo. He was appointed by the military leader Gang Jo, whom the previous King Mokjong had called upon to destroy a plot by Kim Chi-yang. In 1010, the Khitan attacked again during an internal Goryeo power struggle. Hyeonjong was forced to flee the capital temporarily and directed the court to move far south to the port city of Naju. In the end, Goryeo repulsed the Khitan and forced them to withdrew from the Korean land. In 1019, when Goryeo continued to refuse to submit or return the northern territories, the Khitan attacked once more. Goryeo generals, including Gang Gam-chan, were able to inflict heavy losses on the Khitan army in the Battle of Kwiju. The Khitan withdrew without achieving their demands and never again invaded Goryeo. Both the Liao Dynasty and Goryeo enjoyed a time of peace, and their cultures were at their height. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corvée
Corvée () is a form of unpaid, forced labour, that is intermittent in nature lasting for limited periods of time: typically for only a certain number of days' work each year. Statute labour is a corvée imposed by a state for the purposes of public works. As such it represents a form of levy (taxation). Unlike other forms of levy, such as a tithe, a corvée does not require the population to have land, crops or cash. The obligation for tenant farmers to perform corvée work for landlords on private landed estates was widespread throughout history before the Industrial Revolution. The term is most typically used in reference to medieval and early modern Europe, where work was often expected by a feudal landowner (of their vassals), or by a monarch of their subjects. The application of the term is not limited to that time or place; the corvée has existed in modern and ancient Egypt, ancient Sumer, ancient Rome, China, Japan, everywhere in continental Europe, the Incan civi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jin Dynasty (1115–1234)
The Jin dynasty (, ; ) or Jin State (; Jurchen: Anchun Gurun), officially known as the Great Jin (), was an imperial dynasty of China that existed between 1115 and 1234. Its name is sometimes written as Kin, Jurchen Jin, Jinn, or Chin in English to differentiate it from an earlier Jìn dynasty whose name is rendered identically in Hanyu Pinyin without the tone marking. It is also sometimes called the "Jurchen dynasty" or the "Jurchen Jin", because members of the ruling Wanyan clan were of Jurchen descent. The Jin emerged from Wanyan Aguda's rebellion against the Liao dynasty (916–1125), which held sway over northern China until the nascent Jin drove the Liao to the Western Regions, where they became known in historiography as the Western Liao. After vanquishing the Liao, the Jin launched a century-long campaign against the Han-led Song dynasty (960–1279), which was based in southern China. Over the course of their rule, the ethnic Jurchen emperors of the Jin dynas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Song Dynasty
The Song dynasty (; ; 960–1279) was an imperial dynasty of China that began in 960 and lasted until 1279. The dynasty was founded by Emperor Taizu of Song following his usurpation of the throne of the Later Zhou. The Song conquered the rest of the Ten Kingdoms, ending the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. The Song often came into conflict with the contemporaneous Liao, Western Xia and Jin dynasties in northern China. After retreating to southern China, the Song was eventually conquered by the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The dynasty is divided into two periods: Northern Song and Southern Song. During the Northern Song (; 960–1127), the capital was in the northern city of Bianjing (now Kaifeng) and the dynasty controlled most of what is now Eastern China. The Southern Song (; 1127–1279) refers to the period after the Song lost control of its northern half to the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty in the Jin–Song Wars. At that time, the Song court retreated south of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liao Dynasty
The Liao dynasty (; Khitan: ''Mos Jælud''; ), also known as the Khitan Empire (Khitan: ''Mos diau-d kitai huldʒi gur''), officially the Great Liao (), was an imperial dynasty of China that existed between 916 and 1125, ruled by the Yelü clan of the Khitan people. Founded around the time of the collapse of the Tang dynasty, at its greatest extent it ruled over Northeast China, the Mongolian Plateau, the northern part of the Korean Peninsula, southern portions of the Russian Far East, and the northern tip of the North China Plain. The dynasty had a history of territorial expansion. The most important early gains was the Sixteen Prefectures (including present-day Beijing and part of Hebei) by fueling a proxy war that led to the collapse of the Later Tang dynasty (923–936). In 1004, the Liao dynasty launched an imperial expedition against the Northern Song dynasty. After heavy fighting and large casualties between the two empires, both sides worked out the Chanyuan Trea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pyongyang
Pyongyang (, , ) is the capital and largest city of North Korea, where it is known as the "Capital of the Revolution". Pyongyang is located on the Taedong River about upstream from its mouth on the Yellow Sea. According to the 2008 population census, it has a population of 3,255,288. Pyongyang is a directly administered city () with equal status to North Korean provinces. Pyongyang is one of the oldest cities in Korea. It was the capital of two ancient Korean kingdoms, Gojoseon and Goguryeo, and served as the secondary capital of Goryeo. Much of the city was destroyed during the First Sino-Japanese War, but it was revived Korea under Japanese rule, under Japanese rule and became an industrial center. Following the establishment of North Korea in 1948, Pyongyang became its ''de facto'' capital. The city was again devastated during the Korean War, but was quickly rebuilt after the war with Soviet Union, Soviet assistance. Pyongyang is the political, industrial and transport ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Byeolmuban
Byeolmuban is the name of a special army unit in the time of Korea's Goryeo Dynasty (918–1392). The word ''byeol'' literally means star, but also has the meaning of special. Founding of the army was initiated by Yun Gwan during the reign of king Sukjong of Goryeo. The army was put together to fight the Jurchen who were putting pressure on Goryeo's northern borders. The Goryeo infantry had a hard time resisting the strong Jurchen cavalry. Organization The ''Byeolmuban'' army had six divisions: Yun Gwan's regular army and Armor Guards called ''Jeonggyugun'' (정규군, 正規軍) Infantry called ''Sinbogun'' (신보군, 神步軍), Cavalry called ''Sin-gigun'' (신기군, 神騎軍), an army of Buddhist monks called ''Hangmagun'' (항마군, 降魔軍), Supporting troop made of slaves called ''Yeonhogun'' (연호군,烟戶軍), and volunteered soldiers made of merchants and ordinary citizens called Jubugunhyeon (주부군현, 州府郡縣). Combating troops were divided int ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yun Gwan
Yun Gwan (윤관, 尹瓘; 12 July 1040 – 15 June 1111) was a general of Goryeo who was known for training the Byeolmuban and leading it to victory against the Jurchen tribes. Family * Grandfather ** Yun Geum-kang (윤금강, 尹金剛) * Father ** Yun Jib-hyeong (윤집형, 尹執衡) *Wife ** Lady Lee of the Incheon Lee clan (인천 이씨, 仁川 李氏) *** Father-in-law - Lee Seong-gan (이성간, 李成幹) * Issue **Son - Yun Eon-in (윤언인, 尹彦仁) *** Grandson - Yun Deok-cheom (윤덕첨, 尹德瞻) **Son - Yun Eon-sun (윤언순, 尹彦純) *** Grandson - Yun Jong-cheom (윤중첨, 尹仲瞻) **** Great-Granddaughter - Lady Yun of the Papyeong Yun clan (파평 윤씨) **** Great Grandson-in-law - Bang Seo-ran (방서란, 房瑞鸞) **Son - Yun Eon-am (윤언암) **Son - Yun Eon-sik (윤언식, 尹彦植) (? - 1149) *** Daughter-in-law - Lady Hawongun of the Jeongju Ryu clan (하원군 류씨, 河源郡君 柳氏); Queen Myeongui’s younger sister ** Son - Yun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jurchen People
Jurchen (Manchu: ''Jušen'', ; zh, 女真, ''Nǚzhēn'', ) is a term used to collectively describe a number of East Asian Tungusic-speaking peoples, descended from the Donghu people. They lived in the northeast of China, later known as Manchuria, before the 18th century. The Jurchens were renamed Manchus in 1635 by Hong Taiji. Different Jurchen groups lived as hunter-gatherers, pastoralist semi-nomads, or sedentary agriculturists. Generally lacking a central authority, and having little communication with each other, many Jurchen groups fell under the influence of neighbouring dynasties, their chiefs paying tribute and holding nominal posts as effectively hereditary commanders of border guards. Chinese officials of the Ming dynasty (1368-1644) classified them into three groups, reflecting relative proximity to China: # Jianzhou (Chinese: 建州) Jurchens, some of whom were mixed with Korean and Chinese populations, lived in the proximity of the Mudan river, the Changbai mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
