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Sudeten German Uprising
Sudeten German uprising ( cs, sudetoněmecké povstání) in September 1938 was a spontaneous rebellion of Sudeten Germans against Czechoslovak authorities in Sudetenland, but at the same time, an organized action orchestrated by Sudeten German Party (SdP) chaired by Konrad Henlein. Therefore, the uprising is also referred to as the Henlein's coup (or coup attempt; cs, henleinovský puč). On 10 September 1938, all district organizations of the SdP received an order from Nuremberg to start protests and provocations. On 11 September, Henlein's supporters clashed with policemen and gendarmes in Cheb, Liberec, Teplice, and other places. On the evening of 12 September, Sudeten Germans listened en masse to the Hitler's radio speech accusing Czechoslovakia of torturing and oppressing the German minority. This speech sparked a wave of violence against Czechs, Jews and Sudeten German anti-fascists in the borderlands. On the morning of 13 September, the pre-planned armed uprising b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Causes Of World War II
The causes of World War II, a global war from 1939 to 1945 that was the deadliest conflict in human history, have been given considerable attention by historians from many countries who studied and understood them. The immediate precipitating event was the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany on September 1, 1939, and the subsequent declarations of war on Germany made by Britain and France, but many other prior events have been suggested as ultimate causes. Primary themes in historical analysis of the war's origins include the political takeover of Germany in 1933 by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party; Japanese militarism against China, which led to the Second Sino-Japanese War; Italian aggression against Ethiopia, which led to the Second Italo-Ethiopian War and Germany's initial success in negotiating the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact with the Soviet Union to divide the territorial control of Eastern Europe between them. During the interwar period, deep anger arose in the Weimar Repub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
State Defense Guard (Czechoslovakia)
State Defense Guard (in Czech Stráž obrany státu, SOS, in Slovak Stráž obrany štátu) was a military service established in 1936 to protect borders of Czechoslovakia. From 1918 to 1936 border of Czechoslovakia was protected by "''finance guard''" (''finanční stráž''), an armed branch of the Ministry of Finance. Their main task was to carry on customs duty, border protection was secondary. For over decade army and police leadership had suggested to set up an organisation of higher military value. Amid international tensions the new service was established in 1936. The roles of the defense guard were: * border security * law enforcement * customs enforcement Members of the guard were local gendarmes (''četníci''), existing finance guards and members of state police. Later citizens loyal to Czechoslovakia were incorporated (for example, many members of the sports organisation Sokol or active anti-fascist Germans). Plans were created to support the guard with regular a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conspiracy
A conspiracy, also known as a plot, is a secret plan or agreement between persons (called conspirers or conspirators) for an unlawful or harmful purpose, such as murder or treason, especially with political motivation, while keeping their agreement secret from the public or from other people affected by it. In a political sense, conspiracy refers to a group of people united in the goal of usurping, altering or overthrowing an established political power. Depending on the circumstances, a conspiracy may also be a crime, or a civil wrong. The term generally implies wrongdoing or illegality on the part of the conspirators, as people would not need to conspire to engage in activities that were lawful and ethical, or to which no one would object. There are some coordinated activities that people engage in with secrecy that are not generally thought of as conspiracies. For example, intelligence agencies such as the American CIA and the British MI6 necessarily make plans in secret to s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sudeten Germans
German Bohemians (german: Deutschböhmen und Deutschmährer, i.e. German Bohemians and German Moravians), later known as Sudeten Germans, were ethnic Germans living in the Czech lands of the Bohemian Crown, which later became an integral part of Czechoslovakia. Before 1945, over three million German Bohemians constituted about 23% of the population of the whole country and about 29.5% of the population of Bohemia and Moravia. Ethnic Germans migrated into the Kingdom of Bohemia, an electoral territory of the Holy Roman Empire, from the 11th century, mostly in the border regions of what was later called the "Sudetenland", which was named after the Sudeten Mountains. The process of German expansion was known as ''Ostsiedlung'' ("Settling of the East"). The name "Sudeten Germans" was adopted during rising nationalism after the fall of Austria-Hungary after the First World War. After the Munich Agreement, the so-called Sudetenland became part of Germany. After the Second World Wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rebellion
Rebellion, uprising, or insurrection is a refusal of obedience or order. It refers to the open resistance against the orders of an established authority. A rebellion originates from a sentiment of indignation and disapproval of a situation and then manifests itself by the refusal to submit or to obey the authority responsible for this situation. Rebellion can be individual or collective, peaceful ( civil disobedience, civil resistance, and nonviolent resistance) or violent (terrorism, sabotage and guerrilla warfare). In political terms, rebellion and revolt are often distinguished by their different aims. While rebellion generally seeks to evade and/or gain concessions from an oppressive power, a revolt seeks to overthrow and destroy that power, as well as its accompanying laws. The goal of rebellion is resistance while a revolt seeks a revolution. As power shifts relative to the external adversary, or power shifts within a mixed coalition, or positions harden or soften on ei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
September 1938
The following events occurred in September 1938: September 1, 1938 (Thursday) * Benito Mussolini ordered all Jews who had entered Italy since January 1, 1919 to get out within six months. The order affected some 10,000 people. *Sudeten German leader Konrad Henlein met with Hitler at the Berghof in Berchtesgaden. *It was announced in Austria that all religious and other private schools would be closed and education would be taken over by the Nazi Party. *The Frank Capra-directed romantic comedy film '' You Can't Take It with You'' starring Jean Arthur and Lionel Barrymore premiered at Radio City Music Hall in New York City. *Born: Per Kirkeby, artist, in Copenhagen, Denmark (d. 2018) *Died: Nikolai Bryukhanov, 59, Russian statesman (executed) September 2, 1938 (Friday) *Elections were held in the Sanjak of Alexandretta. Turkish candidates won 22 of 40 seats, creating the conditions for the declaration of a new Turkish-aligned state. *Italy ordered Jewish teachers, officials ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bohuslav Fiala (general)
Bohuslav Fiala (29 January 1890, Frankstadt – 16 September 1964, Prague) was a Czechoslovak brigadier general who participated in the First World War and the Sudeten German uprising. Biography Fiala graduated from the Theresian Military Academy in Wiener Neustadt in 1907 and enlisted in the Austro-Hungarian Army. He participated in the First World War and joined the Czechoslovak Legion in Russia. After returning to his homeland, Fiala worked at the General Staff. He was promoted to brigadier general in July 1934. During the mobilization in 1938, Fiala became Chief of Staff of the Mobilized Army Headquarters. After demobilization, he returned to the General Staff. On 15 March 1939, Fiala issued an order to destroy all important files of the General Staff. During the occupation, Fiala actively participated in the resistance, but in December 1939 he was arrested. He was released in March 1942. Subsequently, he again joined the resistance and in 1945, he was one of the main leader ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ludvík Krejčí
Ludvík Krejčí was a Czechoslovak army general and legionary of the First World War. Biography Early life and World War I He was born on 17 August 1890 in Brno-Tuřany, near Brno, as the youngest of eight children in a peasant family. He graduated from the Vyškov grammar school and was accepted to the Higher Forestry School in Písek. After graduating, he was drafted into full-time military service in 1910 as a one-year volunteer with the 8th Regiment in Brno. In 1911 he became a forest assistant of the state forests in Nuštar. He was therefore transferred to the reserve of the 4th Regiment and to which he was called before the Austrian mobilization on 28 July 1914 and fought with it in Serbia, Montenegro, and Albania. In May 1916, he was briefly transferred with the battalion as company commander to Italy and then to Romania. There, after the front of the front in the trench warfare on 17 May 1917 he was captured at Odobești near Focșani. Russian Civil War In June he enli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jan Syrový
Jan Syrový (24 January 1888 – 17 October 1970) was a Czechoslovak general and the prime minister of Czechoslovakia during the Munich Crisis. Early life and military career Jan Syrový studied building at a technical school. Following his graduation in 1906, he became a one-year volunteer in the Austro-Hungarian army. After that, he studied at a technical college in Russia. During World War I, he fought in the Czechoslovak Legions of the Russian army and lost his right eye in the Battle of Zborov. By the end of the war he commanded the Legions and anti-Bolshevik forces on the Trans-Siberian railway. A well-known veteran commander, he served as Chief of Staff of the Czechoslovak Army from 1926 to 1933 and as its general inspector from 1933 to 1938. During this time, helped to prepare the Czechoslovak Air Force with the collaboration of Jan Antonín Baťa and moved military personnel and materials away from Nazi Germany. Premiership and the "Munich Crisis" When Milan Hod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wilhelm Canaris
Wilhelm Franz Canaris (1 January 1887 – 9 April 1945) was a German admiral and the chief of the '' Abwehr'' (the German military-intelligence service) from 1935 to 1944. Canaris was initially a supporter of Adolf Hitler, and the Nazi regime. However, following the German invasion of Poland in 1939, Canaris turned against Hitler and committed acts of both passive and active resistance during the war. Being the head of Nazi Germany's military-intelligence agency, he was in a key position to participate in resistance. As the war turned against Germany, Canaris and other military officers expanded their clandestine opposition to the leadership of Nazi Germany. By 1945, his acts of resistance and sabotage against the Nazi regime came to light and Canaris was executed in Flossenbürg concentration camp for high treason as the Allied forces advanced through Southern Germany. Early life Canaris was born on 1 January 1887 in Aplerbeck (now a part of Dortmund) in Westphal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Friedrich Köchling
__NOTOC__ Friedrich Köchling (22 June 1893 – 6 June 1970) was a German general in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany during World War II who held commands at the division and corps levels. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. Awards and decorations * Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 31 July 1942 as ''Generalmajor is the Germanic variant of major general, used in a number of Central and Northern European countries. Austria Belgium Denmark is the second lowest general officer rank in the Royal Danish Army and Royal Danish Air Force. As a two-star ...'' and commander of 254. Infanterie-Division Fellgiebel 2000, p. 217. References Citations Bibliography * {{DEFAULTSORT:Koechling, Friedrich 1893 births 1970 deaths People from Ahaus German Army generals of World War II Generals of Infantry (Wehrmacht) German Army personnel of World War I Recipients of the clasp to the Iron Cross, 1st class Recipients of the Gold ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anton Pfrogner , the championship trophy of the Swedish junior hockey ...
Anton may refer to: People *Anton (given name), including a list of people with the given name *Anton (surname) Places *Anton Municipality, Bulgaria **Anton, Sofia Province, a village *Antón District, Panama **Antón, a town and capital of the district *Anton, Colorado, an unincorporated town *Anton, Texas, a city *Anton, Wisconsin, an unincorporated community *River Anton, Hampshire, United Kingdom Other uses *Case Anton, codename for the German and Italian occupation of Vichy France in 1942 *Anton (computer), a highly parallel supercomputer for molecular dynamics simulations * ''Anton'' (1973 film), a Norwegian film * ''Anton'' (2008 film), an Irish film *Anton Cup The Anton Cup is the championship trophy of the Swedish junior hockey league, J20 SuperElit. The trophy was donated by Anton Johansson, chairman of the Swedish Ice Hockey Association between 1924 and 1948, in 1952, as an award for Sweden's top-ra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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