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Sud Caravelle
The Sud Aviation SE 210 Caravelle is a French jet airliner produced by Sud Aviation. It was developed by SNCASE in the early 1950s and made its maiden flight on 27 May 1955. It included some de Havilland designs and components developed for the de Havilland Comet. SNCASE merged into the larger Sud Aviation conglomerate before the aircraft entered revenue service on 26 April 1959 with Scandinavian Airlines System (SAS); 282 were built until production ended in 1972. It was ordered by airlines on every continent and operated until its retirement in 2005. The short-range, five-abreast airliner is powered by two aft-mounted Rolls-Royce Avon turbojet engines, allowing a clean low wing. The configuration was later retained in many narrow-body aircraft and regional jets. The initial I, III and VI variants could seat 90 to 99 passengers over . The later, slightly longer 10/11 variants could seat 99 to 118 passengers over and were powered by Pratt & Whitney JT8D low-bypass turbofans. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
WikiProject Aircraft
A WikiProject, or Wikiproject, is a Wikimedia movement affinity group for contributors with shared goals. WikiProjects are prevalent within the largest wiki, Wikipedia, and exist to varying degrees within sister projects such as Wiktionary, Wikiquote, Wikidata, and Wikisource. They also exist in different languages, and translation of articles is a form of their collaboration. During the COVID-19 pandemic, CBS News noted the role of Wikipedia's WikiProject Medicine in maintaining the accuracy of articles related to the disease. Another WikiProject that has drawn attention is WikiProject Women Scientists, which was profiled by '' Smithsonian'' for its efforts to improve coverage of women scientists which the profile noted had "helped increase the number of female scientists on Wikipedia from around 1,600 to over 5,000". On Wikipedia Some Wikipedia WikiProjects are substantial enough to engage in cooperative activities with outside organizations relevant to the field at issue. For e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pratt & Whitney JT8D
The Pratt & Whitney JT8D is a low-bypass (0.96 to 1) turbofan engine introduced by Pratt & Whitney in February 1963 with the inaugural flight of the Boeing 727. It was a modification of the Pratt & Whitney J52 turbojet engine which powered the US Navy A-6 Intruder and A-4 Skyhawk attack aircraft. Eight models comprise the JT8D standard engine family, covering the thrust range from 12,250 to 17,400 pound-force, pounds-force (62 to 77 kN), and power Boeing 727, 727, Boeing 737, 737-100/200, and McDonnell Douglas DC-9, DC-9. The updated JT8D-200 family, covering the 18,900 to 21,000 pound-force, pounds-force (84 to 93 kN), powers the McDonnell Douglas MD-80, MD-80 and re-engined Boeing 727, Super 27 aircraft. The Volvo RM8 was license-built in Sweden for the Saab 37 Viggen fighter. Pratt & Whitney also sells static versions for powerplant and ship propulsion as the FT8. Design The JT8D is an axial-flow front turbofan engine incorporating a Axial compressor#Spools, tw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fatigue Limit
The fatigue limit or endurance limit is the stress level below which an infinite number of loading cycles can be applied to a material without causing fatigue failure. Some metals such as ferrous alloys and titanium alloys have a distinct limit, whereas others such as aluminium and copper do not and will eventually fail even from small stress amplitudes. Where materials do not have a distinct limit the term fatigue strength or endurance strength is used and is defined as ''the maximum value of completely reversed bending stress that a material can withstand for a specified number of cycles without a fatigue failure''. Definitions The ASTM defines ''fatigue strength'', S_, as "the value of stress at which failure occurs after N_f cycles", and ''fatigue limit'', S_f, as "the limiting value of stress at which failure occurs as N_f becomes very large". ASTM does not define ''endurance limit'', the stress value below which the material will withstand many load cycles, but implies that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caravelle Cockpit
Caravelle may be a reference to: * Caravelle, the French marketing name for the typeface Folio * The Caravelle peninsula of the French Caribbean island of Martinique * Sud Aviation Caravelle, the short/medium-range jet airliner, produced by Sud Aviation * Sud Aviation Super-Caravelle, the design for a supersonic transport from Sud Aviation * Volkswagen Caravelle (other), minibuses/vans produced by Volkswagen * Renault Caravelle, the roadster automobile produced by Renault * Plymouth Caravelle, a sedan made by Chrysler Corporation from 1983 to 1988 ** Plymouth Caravelle Salon, a rebadged Dodge Diplomat sold in Canada * An alternative spelling of caravel, a 15th-century sailing ship * , a Danish cargo ship in service 1938-40 * Caravelle Hotel, Ho Chih Minh City ** Caravelle Manifesto, 1960 Vietnamese political document presented in that hotel * The Caravelles The Caravelles, Lois Wilkinson (born 3 April 1944 in Sleaford, Lincolnshire, England) and Andrea Simpson (born 9 S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Air Toulouse (F-BMKS), Dublin, February 1993 (02)
The atmosphere of Earth is the layer of gases, known collectively as air, retained by Earth's gravity that surrounds the planet and forms its planetary atmosphere. The atmosphere of Earth protects life on Earth by creating pressure allowing for liquid water to exist on the Earth's surface, absorbing ultraviolet solar radiation, warming the surface through heat retention (greenhouse effect), and reducing temperature extremes between day and night (the diurnal temperature variation). By mole fraction (i.e., by number of molecules), dry air contains 78.08% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.04% carbon dioxide, and small amounts of other gases. Air also contains a variable amount of water vapor, on average around 1% at sea level, and 0.4% over the entire atmosphere. Air composition, temperature, and atmospheric pressure vary with altitude. Within the atmosphere, air suitable for use in photosynthesis by terrestrial plants and breathing of terrestrial animals is found only i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secretariat General For Civil And Commercial Aviation
The Directorate General for Civil Aviation (french: Direction générale de l'aviation civile, DGAC) is the French civil aviation authority. Its headquarters are in the 15th arrondissement of Paris, 50 Henry-Farman. It is subordinate to the Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy. The DGAC levies a civil aviation tax on several flights operating from France. History The Secretariat General for Civil and Commercial Aviation (SGACC) was formed on 12 September 1946 by the Ministry of Transport and Public Works. The first secretary general of the newly-formed organisation was Max Hymans (1900-1961), who had been named to the post nine months previously in December 1945. The SGACC then formed the Light and Sport Aviation Office (SALS) to cover flying clubs and instructors. In 1955 SALS became the Aeronautic Instruction and Aerial Sport Service (SFASA). From 1971 to 1976 the secretary general was Maurice Grimaud. In 1976, following the removal of the post of secr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rolls-Royce Limited
Rolls-Royce was a British luxury car and later an aero-engine manufacturing business established in 1904 in Manchester by the partnership of Charles Rolls and Henry Royce. Building on Royce's good reputation established with his cranes, they quickly developed a reputation for superior engineering by manufacturing the "best car in the world". The business was incorporated as Rolls-Royce Limited in 1906, and a new factory in Derby was opened in 1908. The First World War brought the company into manufacturing aero-engines. Joint development of jet engines began in 1940, and they entered production. Rolls-Royce has built an enduring reputation for development and manufacture of engines for defence and civil aircraft. In the late 1960s, Rolls-Royce was adversely affected by the mismanaged development of its advanced RB211 jet engine and consequent cost over-runs, though it ultimately proved a great success. In 1971, the owners were obliged to liquidate their business. The useful p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turbomeca Marboré
The Turbomeca Marboré is a small turbojet engine that was produced by Turbomeca from the 1950s into the 1970s. The most popular uses of this engine were in the Fouga CM.170 Magister and the Morane-Saulnier MS.760 Paris. It was also licensed for production in the United States as the Teledyne CAE J69. The original Marboré, as well as Marboré III, IV, and V were not produced in significant numbers. A typical weight for this series of engines is . Fuel consumption is on the Marboré VI at , as compared to on Marboré II engines (same altitude), as well as an increase of fuel consumption of 27% and a decrease in cruise range capabilities.CM-170 Flight Tests, Airplane Cruise Performance Charts, and Aircraft Flight Manuals Variants ;Marboré I:Prototypes and test examples ;Marboré II:The first major production version was the Marboré II, which had a maximum thrust of at 22,500 rpm. In its most basic form, it is a single-spool, centrifugal compressor turbojet. Fuel consum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SNCASO
SNCASO (abbreviated from ''Société nationale des constructions aéronautiques du Sud-Ouest'', or commonly, ''Sud-Ouest'') was a French aircraft manufacturer. Created during 1936 as one of seven nationalised aeronautical manufacturing companies, SNCASO became a key French aircraft manufacturer following the end of the Second World War. It produced numerous innovation aircraft; amongst the company's more notable projects was the first French jet aircraft, the Sud-Ouest Triton, and the first indigenously-developed French helicopter, the Sud-Ouest Djinn. On 1 March 1957, SNCASO merged with another French nationalised aviation company, SNCASE, (''Société nationale des constructions aéronautiques du Sud-Est''), to form Sud Aviation. History Following the resolution of the 1936 general strike of French heavy industry, the government of Léon Blum introduced an act to nationalize the French war industry. The act provided for the creation of seven nationalised aeronautical manufactur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nord Aviation
Nord-Aviation ( en, Northern Aviation) was a state-owned French aircraft manufacturer. The bulk of its facilities were based on the site of Bourges airport, in the département of Cher, in central France. On 1 October 1954, Nord Aviation was created as a result of the acquisition of SFECMAS (Société française d'étude et de construction de matériels aéronautiques spéciaux) by SNCAN (Société nationale de constructions aéronautiques du Nord). The company's name, ''Nord'', also became commonly used as a generic name referring to the Pingouin light aircraft. It manufactured numerous aircraft; perhaps Nord Aviation's most successful aircraft was the Nord Noratlas, a utility transport used by both military and civilian customers. Other aircraft included general aviation, trainers and experimental aircraft, as well as other transports. Nord Aviation also developed and produced its own range of missiles; perhaps the most famous of these was the Exocet, a sea-skimming anti-shi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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