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Strepsilin
Strepsilin is a chemical found in Lichen, lichens. It produces an emerald green colour in the C test. It is a dibenzofuran dimer, with hydroxyl, hydroxy, ketone, oxy and methyl side groups. It is named after ''Cladonia strepsilis''. Strepsilin was discovered by Friedrich Wilhelm Zopf, Wilhelm Zopf in 1903. The structure of strepsilin was determined by Shoji Shibata. Properties Strepsilin is degraded in alkali to 1-methyl-3,7-dihydroxydibenzofuran. Strepsilin melts at 324 °C. Occurrence Strepsilin is found in some ''Cladonia'' species. It is also found in ''Siphula'' and ''Stereocaulon azoreum''. References {{Reflist Dibenzofurans Furanones Isobenzofurans Phenols Lichen products Heterocyclic compounds with 4 rings ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
C Test
A spot test in lichenology is a spot analysis used to help identify lichens. It is performed by placing a drop of a chemical on different parts of the lichen and noting the colour change (or lack thereof) associated with application of the chemical. The tests are routinely encountered in dichotomous keys for lichen species, and they take advantage of the wide array of lichen products produced by lichens and their uniqueness among taxa. As such, spot tests reveal the presence or absence of chemicals in various parts of a lichen. They were first proposed by the botanist William Nylander (botanist), William Nylander in 1866. Three common spot tests use either 10% aqueous potassium hydroxide, KOH solution (K test), saturated aqueous solution of bleaching powder or calcium hypochlorite (C test), or 5% alcoholic p-phenylenediamine, ''p''-phenylenediamine solution (P test). The colour changes occur due to presence of particular secondary metabolites in the lichen. There are several other l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichen
A lichen ( , ) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship.Introduction to Lichens – An Alliance between Kingdoms . University of California Museum of Paleontology. Lichens have properties different from those of their component organisms. They come in many colors, sizes, and forms and are sometimes plant-like, but are not s. They may have tiny, leafless branches (); flat leaf-like structures ( |
Phenols
In organic chemistry, phenols, sometimes called phenolics, are a class of chemical compounds consisting of one or more hydroxyl groups (— O H) bonded directly to an aromatic hydrocarbon group. The simplest is phenol, . Phenolic compounds are classified as simple phenols or polyphenols based on the number of phenol units in the molecule. Phenols are both synthesized industrially and produced by plants and microorganisms. Properties Acidity Phenols are more acidic than typical alcohols. The acidity of the hydroxyl group in phenols is commonly intermediate between that of aliphatic alcohols and carboxylic acids (their pKa is usually between 10 and 12). Deprotonation of a phenol forms a corresponding negative phenolate ion or phenoxide ion, and the corresponding salts are called phenolates or phenoxides (aryloxides according to the IUPAC Gold Book). Condensation with aldehydes and ketones Phenols are susceptible to Electrophilic aromatic substitutions. Condensation with formald ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dibenzofurans
Dibenzofuran is a heterocyclic organic compound with the chemical structure shown at right. It is an aromatic compound that has two benzene rings fused to a central furan ring. All the numbered carbon atoms have a hydrogen atom bonded to each of them. It is a volatile white solid that is soluble in nonpolar organic solvents. It is obtained from coal tar, where it exists as a 1% component.Gerd Collin and Hartmut Höke "Benzofurans" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2007, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. Reactions Dibenzofuran is thermally robust with a convenient liquid range. These properties, together with its low toxicity, are exploited by the use of DBF as a heat transfer agent. It undergoes electrophilic reactions, such as halogenation and Friedel-Crafts reactions. Reaction of DBF with butyl lithium results in dilithiation.Ulrich Iserloh, Yoji Oderaotoshi, Shuji Kanemasa, and Dennis P. Curran "Synthesis of (R,R)-4,6-Dibenzofurandiyl-2,2'-Bis (4-Phenyloxazoline) (DBFO ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stereocaulon Azoreum
''Stereocaulon'' is a genus of lichens. Members of ''Stereocaulon'' are commonly called snow lichens. Species *''Stereocaulon alpinum'' *'' Stereocaulon apocalypticum'' *'' Stereocaulon arcticum'' *'' Stereocaulon arenarium'' *'' Stereocaulon areolatum'' *'' Stereocaulon argus'' *'' Stereocaulon austroshetlandicum'' *'' Stereocaulon botryosum'' *''Stereocaulon caespitosum'' *'' Stereocaulon capitellatum'' *''Stereocaulon cephalocrustatum'' *''Stereocaulon compactum'' *''Stereocaulon condensatum'' *''Stereocaulon corticatulum'' *''Stereocaulon cumulatum'' *''Stereocaulon cymosum'' *''Stereocaulon dactylophyllum'' *''Stereocaulon delisei'' *''Stereocaulon depressum'' *''Stereocaulon evolutum'' *''Stereocaulon exalbidum'' *''Stereocaulon exutum'' *''Stereocaulon fecundum'' *''Stereocaulon glareosum'' *''Stereocaulon grande'' *''Stereocaulon gregarium'' *''Stereocaulon groenlandicum'' *''Stereocaulon heardii'' *'' Stereocaulon hypothallinum'' *''Stereocau ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siphula
''Siphula'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the Icmadophilaceae family. The widespread genus contains about 33 species. ''Siphula'' was circumscribed by Swedish mycologist Elias Fries Elias Magnus Fries (15 August 1794 – 8 February 1878) was a Swedish mycologist and botanist. Career Fries was born at Femsjö (Hylte Municipality), Småland, the son of the pastor there. He attended school in Växjö. He acquired an ... in 1831. Species *'' Siphula abbatiana'' *'' Siphula abscondita'' *'' Siphula applanata'' *'' Siphula aquatica'' *'' Siphula australiensis'' *'' Siphula ceratites'' *'' Siphula coriacea'' *'' Siphula decumbens'' *'' Siphula dissoluta'' *'' Siphula fastigiata'' *'' Siphula flavovirens'' *'' Siphula gracilis'' *'' Siphula parhamii'' *'' Siphula pteruloides'' *'' Siphula verrucigera'' *'' Siphulastrum cladinoides'' *'' Siphulastrum granulatum'' *'' Siphulastrum mamillatum'' *'' Siphulastrum triste'' *'' Siphulastrum usneoides'' Re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cladonia Strepsilis 108850692
''Cladonia'' is a genus of moss-like lichens in the family Cladoniaceae. They are the primary food source for reindeer/caribou. ''Cladonia'' species are of economic importance to reindeer-herders, such as the Sami in Scandinavia or the Nenets in Russia. Antibiotic compounds are extracted from some species to create antibiotic cream. The light green species ''Cladonia stellaris'' is used in flower decorations. Although the phylogeny of the genus ''Cladonia'' is still under investigation, two main morphological groups are commonly differentiated by taxonomists: the ''Cladonia'' morpho-type and the ''Cladina'' morpho-type. The ''Cladonia'' morpho-type has many more species, and is generally described as a group of squamulose (grow from squamules), cup-bearing lichens. The ''Cladina'' morpho-types are often referred to as forage lichens, mat-forming lichens, or reindeer lichens (due to their importance as caribou winter forage). ''Cladonia perforata'' ("perforate cladonia") is one ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cladonia
''Cladonia'' is a genus of moss-like lichens in the family Cladoniaceae. They are the primary food source for reindeer/caribou. ''Cladonia'' species are of economic importance to reindeer-herders, such as the Sami in Scandinavia or the Nenets in Russia. Antibiotic compounds are extracted from some species to create antibiotic cream. The light green species ''Cladonia stellaris'' is used in flower decorations. Although the phylogeny of the genus ''Cladonia'' is still under investigation, two main morphological groups are commonly differentiated by taxonomists: the ''Cladonia'' morpho-type and the ''Cladina'' morpho-type. The ''Cladonia'' morpho-type has many more species, and is generally described as a group of squamulose (grow from squamules), cup-bearing lichens. The ''Cladina'' morpho-types are often referred to as forage lichens, mat-forming lichens, or reindeer lichens (due to their importance as caribou winter forage). ''Cladonia perforata'' ("perforate cladonia") is o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Friedrich Wilhelm Zopf
Friedrich (or Friederich) Wilhelm Zopf (12 December 1846 – 24 June 1909) was a well-known German botanist and mycologist. He dedicated to his whole life with fungal biology, particularly in classification of fungi and dye production in fungi and lichens. Besides, his textbook on fungi called “Die pilze in morphologischer, physiologischer, biologischer und systematischer beziehung (Translation: The mushrooms in morphological, physiological, biological and systematic relationship)” in 1890 was also an outstanding work on the subject for many decades. The unicellular achlorophic microalgae ''Prototheca zopfii'' is named after him because of his profound suggestions and contributions to Krüger's pioneering work in ''Prototheca''. Thus, his numerous contributions gave him a special status in mycological history. Early life Wilhelm Zopf was born in Roßleben in Thuringia in 1846. Before going into biological science area, he has been an elementary school teacher in Thondorf at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cladonia Strepsilis
''Cladonia strepsilis'' or the olive cup lichen is a species of cup lichen in the family Cladoniaceae. In Iceland, where it is only found in a few locations in the Eastern Region, it is red listed as endangered An endangered species is a species that is very likely to become extinct in the near future, either worldwide or in a particular political jurisdiction. Endangered species may be at risk due to factors such as habitat loss, poaching and inva ... (EN).Náttúrufræðistofnun Íslands celandic Institute of Natural History(1996). Válisti 1: Plöntur.' (in Icelandic) Reykjavík: Náttúrufræðistofnun Íslands. References strepsilis Taxa named by Erik Acharius Lichen species {{Lecanorales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
