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Strategy And Tactics
''Strategy & Tactics'' (''S&T'') is a wargaming magazine now published by Decision Games, notable for publishing a complete new wargame in each issue. Beginnings ''Strategy & Tactics'' was first published in January 1967 under its original editor, Chris Wagner, intended as a better alternative to Avalon Hill's magazine, '' The General''. ''Strategy & Tactics'' began life as a wargaming fanzine published by Wagner (then a staff sergeant with the US Air Force in Japan), at first in Japan, then moving to the United States with Wagner. Graphic designer Redmond Simonsen was hired soon after to improve the quality of the magazine. When subscriptions became stagnant, debts began to accumulate. Jim Dunnigan created the company Simulations Publications to save ''Strategy & Tactics''; Dunnigan had been contributing to the magazine since issue #2 (February 1967), and when Wagner was having financial difficulties he sold the rights to the magazine to Dunnigan for $1. A persistent rumor that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
S And T 68
S, or s, is the nineteenth letter in the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''ess'' (pronounced ), plural ''esses''. History Origin Northwest Semitic šîn represented a voiceless postalveolar fricative (as in 'ip'). It originated most likely as a pictogram of a tooth () and represented the phoneme via the acrophonic principle. Ancient Greek did not have a phoneme, so the derived Greek letter sigma () came to represent the voiceless alveolar sibilant . While the letter shape Σ continues Phoenician ''šîn'', its name ''sigma'' is taken from the letter ''samekh'', while the shape and position of ''samekh'' but name of ''šîn'' is continued in the '' xi''. Within Greek, the name of ''sigma'' was influenced by its association with the Greek word (earlier ) "to hiss". The original name of the letter "sigma" may have been ''san'', but due to the complic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albert Nofi
Albert A. Nofi (born January 6, 1944), is an American military historian, defense analyst, and designer of board and computer wargaming systems. Early life A native of Brooklyn, he attended New York City public schools, graduating from the Boys' High School (now Boys and Girls High School) in 1961. Nofi attended Fordham University, earning a bachelor's (1965) and a master's (1967), and then received a Ph.D. in Military History from the City University of New York (1991). Career From 1965 through 1995, Nofi was a teacher and later administrator in the New York City public schools. Working primarily in alternative programs, such as the Harlem Preparatory School, Park East High School, and Unity High School at the Door, he retired as an assistant principal in 1995. During this period he also built a parallel career as an independent historian, defense analyst, and wargame designer, working primarily with James F. Dunnigan, Redmond A. Simonsen, and David C. Isby at Simulations Pub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ty Bomba
Tyrone S. Bomba is a prolific American board wargame designer, credited as the designer of over 125 board wargames and game items. Bomba is the recipient of the James F. Dunnigan Award, has been inducted into the Charles Roberts Awards Hall of Fame for his contributions to the wargaming industry, and several of his games have won Charles S. Roberts Awards. Early life In the mid-1960s, while Ty Bomba was in elementary school in Pennsylvania, his grandmother gave him a copy of a Parker Brothers American Civil War wargame titled ''1863''; due to that game, he later stated, "I discovered how much fun this hobby is, and was hooked." Bomba continued to play board wargames during high school, and was heavily influenced by the early works of seminal board wargame designers John Hill, Jim Dunnigan, and Frank Chadwick. In his final year of high school in 1969, Bomba started to write articles for several wargame magazines. He then attended college, earning a bachelor's bachelor's degree and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Keith Poulter
Keith Poulter is a publisher and an editor who has worked on both magazines and wargames. Career Keith Poulter taught political science. In 1977 he founded the wargame company UKW, UK Wargamer, which by summer 1978 was better known as World Wide Wargames ( 3W). In 1980, a commentator said the creation of the company and its magazine '' The Wargamer'' was "the most important development in British wargaming for years", and noted the quality of games produced in the magazine. Following a period of declining subscriptions for the magazine ''Strategy & Tactics'', 3W acquired the publication from #112 (June 1987) to #139 (December 1990). Keith Poulter was the editor from issues #112 to #119, Ty Bomba from #120 to #129, Jim Dunnigan from #130 to #139. Although circulation began to increase again, subscriptions never recovered fully, and most sales were through game stores and not subscriptions, which meant third-party retailers cut into profits. Poulter got out of the business, and in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
3W (company)
World Wide Wargames, or 3W, was a wargame company founded in 1977 (as UKW, UK Wargamer) by Keith Poulter.The Wargamer Issue 9, page 10 History 3W Inc, also known as World Wide Wargames, was a wargame company that began publishing in 1977. Originally launched in England, the company moved later to California. In addition to producing boxed wargames, 3W published the magazine '' The Wargamer''. TSR published the magazine ''Strategy & Tactics'' from 1983 – 1987 and then sold the rights to 3W, who published the magazine from #112 (June, 1987) to #139; after 3W's Keith Poulter got out of the business, ''Strategy & Tactics'' was sold to Decision Games. Diverse Talents, Inc., the publishers of ''Space Gamer/Fantasy Gamer'', ''Fire and Movement'', and ''Battleplan'' magazines, was bought by World Wide Wargames, Inc. on June 1, 1988. Hobbyist magazine publisher Diverse Talents Inc. (DTI) published a third iteration of ''Space Gamer'', and after that ownership of DTI passed on to 3W wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Victory Games (Avalon Hill)
Avalon Hill Games Inc. is a game company that publishes Wargaming, wargames and Strategy game, strategic board games. It has also published miniature wargaming rules, role-playing games and sports simulations. It is a subsidiary of Hasbro, and operates under the company's "Hasbro Gaming" division. Avalon Hill introduced many of the concepts of modern recreational wargaming, including the use of a hexagonal grid (a.k.a. hex map, hexgrid) overlaid on a flat folding board, zone of control, zones of control (ZOC), stacking of multiple units at a location, and board games based upon historical events. History The Avalon Game Company Avalon Hill was started in 1952 outside Baltimore in Catonsville, Maryland by Charles S. Roberts under the name of "The Avalon Game Company" for the publication of his game ''Tactics (game), Tactics''. It is considered the first of a new type of war game, consisting of a self-contained printed map, pieces, rules and box designed for the mass-market. O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minicomputer
A minicomputer, or colloquially mini, is a class of smaller general purpose computers that developed in the mid-1960s and sold at a much lower price than mainframe and mid-size computers from IBM and its direct competitors. In a 1970 survey, ''The New York Times'' suggested a consensus definition of a minicomputer as a machine costing less than (), with an input-output device such as a teleprinter and at least four thousand words of memory, that is capable of running programs in a higher level language, such as Fortran or BASIC. The class formed a distinct group with its own software architectures and operating systems. Minis were designed for control, instrumentation, human interaction, and communication switching as distinct from calculation and record keeping. Many were sold indirectly to original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) for final end use application. During the two decade lifetime of the minicomputer class (1965–1985), almost 100 companies formed and only a half ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Burroughs Corporation
The Burroughs Corporation was a major American manufacturer of business equipment. The company was founded in 1886 as the American Arithmometer Company. In 1986, it merged with Sperry UNIVAC to form Unisys. The company's history paralleled many of the major developments in computing. At its start, it produced mechanical adding machines, and later moved into programmable ledgers and then computers. It was one of the largest producers of mainframe computers in the world, also producing related equipment including typewriters and printers. Early history In 1886, the American Arithmometer Company was established in St. Louis, Missouri, to produce and sell an adding machine invented by William Seward Burroughs (grandfather of Beat Generation author William S. Burroughs). In 1904, six years after Burroughs' death, the company moved to Detroit and changed its name to the Burroughs Adding Machine Company. It was soon the biggest adding machine company in America. Evolving product ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TSR, Inc
TSR, Inc. was an American game publishing company, best known as the original publisher of ''Dungeons & Dragons'' (''D&D''). Its earliest incarnation, Tactical Studies Rules, was founded in October 1973 by Gary Gygax and Don Kaye. Gygax had been unable to find a publisher for ''D&D'', a new type of game he and Dave Arneson were co-developing, so founded the new company with Kaye to self-publish their products. Needing financing to bring their new game to market, Gygax and Kaye brought in Brian Blume in December as an equal partner. ''Dungeons & Dragons'' is generally considered the first tabletop role-playing game (TTRPG), and established the genre. When Kaye died suddenly in 1975, the Tactical Studies Rules partnership restructured into TSR Hobbies, Inc. and accepted investment from Blume's father Melvin. With the popular ''D&D'' as its main product, TSR Hobbies became a major force in the games industry by the late 1970s. Melvin Blume eventually transferred his shares to his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Recession
In economics, a recession is a business cycle contraction when there is a general decline in economic activity. Recessions generally occur when there is a widespread drop in spending (an adverse demand shock). This may be triggered by various events, such as a financial crisis, an external trade shock, an adverse supply shock, the bursting of an economic bubble, or a large-scale Anthropogenic hazard, anthropogenic or natural disaster (e.g. a pandemic). In the United States, a recession is defined as "a significant decline in economic activity spread across the market, lasting more than a few months, normally visible in real GDP, real income, employment, industrial production, and wholesale-retail sales." The European Union has adopted a similar definition. In the United Kingdom, a recession is defined as negative economic growth for two consecutive quarters. Governments usually respond to recessions by adopting expansionary macroeconomic policies, such as monetary policy, incr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ares (magazine)
''Ares'' was an American science fiction wargame magazine published by Simulations Publications, Inc. (SPI), and then TSR, Inc., between 1980 and 1984. In addition to the articles, each issue contained a wargame, complete with a foldout stiff paper map, a set of cardboard counters, and the rules. Publication history Simulations Publications, Inc. (SPI) began publishing ''Ares'' in 1980 as a science-fiction companion to ''Strategy & Tactics''.''Ares'' magazine was similar to ''Strategy & Tactics'', with a game every issue, but it focused on science-fiction and fantasy. SPI suffered financial problems and went into debt, and TSR bought the company and its assets in 1982. Shannon Appelcine stated that "TSR did very little with SPI's roleplaying games. ''Ares Magazine'' #12 (1982), which was prepared by SPI and published by TSR, included a game called 'Star Traders,' which was for use with ''Universe''; it was the last support for that game system ..As TSR turned further away fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Squad Leader
''Squad Leader'' is a tactical level board war game originally published by Avalon Hill in 1977. It was designed by John Hill and simulates on infantry combat in Europe during World War II. One of the most complex war games of its time, ''Squad Leader'' is the natural extension of the trend towards greater realism (and hence complexity) initiated by several earlier games, including Avalon Hill's own ''PanzerBlitz'' and '' Panzer Leader''. Those two earlier games were slightly larger in scope, with counters representing platoons and map hexes measuring 250 metres across, compared to Squad Leader's 40 meter hexes and squad sized units. The original ''Squad Leader'' was produced in time to debut at Origins 1977. (The original print run of 2,500 copies had purple boxes which have become collectors' items.) Avalon Hill sold well in excess of 100,000 games of ''Squad Leader'', making it one of the most successful war games ever made. Combined with the sales of ''Advanced Squad Lea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
