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Strain Theory (other)
Strain theory can refer to; In chemistry: *Baeyer strain theory In social sciences: *Strain theory (sociology), the theory that social structures within society may pressure citizens to commit crime *Value-added theory, the assumption that certain conditions are needed for the development of a social movement See also * General strain theory, a theory of criminology developed by Robert Agnew * Role strain, a concept in role theory in sociology {{Disambig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baeyer Strain Theory
In organic chemistry, ring strain is a type of instability that exists when bonds in a molecule form angles that are abnormal. Strain is most commonly discussed for small rings such as cyclopropanes and cyclobutanes, whose internal angles are substantially smaller than the idealized value of approximately 109°. Because of their high strain, the heat of combustion for these small rings is elevated. Ring strain results from a combination of angle strain, conformational strain or Pitzer strain (torsional eclipsing interactions), and transannular strain, also known as van der Waals strain or Prelog strain. The simplest examples of angle strain are small cycloalkanes such as cyclopropane and cyclobutane. Ring strain energy can be attributed to the energy required for the distortion of bond and bond angles in order to close a ring. Ring strain energy is believed to be the cause of accelerated rates in altering ring reactions. Its interactions with traditional bond energies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Strain Theory (sociology)
In sociology and criminology, strain theory states that social structures within society may pressure citizens to commit crime. Following on the work of Émile Durkheim, strain theories have been advanced by Robert King Merton (1938), Albert K. Cohen (1955), Richard Cloward, Lloyd Ohlin (1960), Neil Smelser (1963), Robert Agnew (1992), Steven Messner, Richard Rosenfeld (1994) and Jie Zhang (2012). Strain theory Strain theory is a sociology and criminology theory developed in 1938 by Robert K. Merton. The theory states that society puts pressure on individuals to achieve socially accepted goals (such as the American dream), though they lack the means. This leads to strain which may lead individuals to commit crimes, like selling drugs or becoming involved in prostitution as a means to gain financial security. Strain could be: # Structural: this refers to the processes at the societal level which filter down and affect how the individual perceives his or her needs, i.e. if p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Value-added Theory
Value-added theory (also known as social strain theory) is a sociological theory, first proposed by Neil Smelser in 1962, which posits that certain conditions are needed for the development of a social movement.Kendall, 2005 Overview Smelser porter considered social movements to be the side-effects of rapid social change.Porta & Diani, 2006 He argued that six things were necessary and sufficient for collective behavior to emerge, and that social movements must evolve through the following relevant stages:Sztompka, 2004 * Structural conduciveness: the structure of society must be organized in such a way that certain protest actions become more likely. * Structural strain: there must be a strain on society that is caused by factors related to the structure of the current social system, such as inequality or injustice, and existing power holders are unwilling or unable to address the problem. * Generalized belief: the strain should be clearly defined, agreed upon, and understood ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General Strain Theory
General strain theory (GST) is a theory of criminology developed by Robert Agnew. General strain theory has gained a significant amount of academic attention since being developed in 1992. Robert Agnew's general strain theory is considered to be a solid theory, has accumulated a significant amount of empirical evidence, and has also expanded its primary scope by offering explanations of phenomena outside of criminal behavior. This theory is presented as a micro level theory because it focuses more in a single person at a time rather than looking at the whole of society. Agnew recognized that strain theory originally put forward by Robert King Merton was limited in terms of fully conceptualizing the range of possible sources of strain in society, especially among youth. According to Merton, innovation occurs when society emphasizes socially desirable and approved goals but at the same time provides inadequate opportunity to achieve these goals with the legitimate institutionalized ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
