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Stenolaemata
Stenolaemata are a class of exclusively marine bryozoans. Stenolaemates originated and diversified in the Ordovician, and more than 600 species are still alive today.Stenolaemata. The Digital Atlas of Ordovician Life. All extant (living) species are in the order , the third-largest order of living bryozoans.Ramalho, L. V., G. Muricy, and P. D. Taylor. (2009) Cyclostomata (Bryozoa, Stenolaemata) from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. ''Zootaxa'' 2057 32-52. These animals are stationary [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bryozoa
Bryozoa (also known as the Polyzoa, Ectoprocta or commonly as moss animals) are a phylum of simple, aquatic invertebrate animals, nearly all living in sedentary colonies. Typically about long, they have a special feeding structure called a lophophore, a "crown" of tentacles used for filter feeding. Most marine bryozoans live in tropical waters, but a few are found in oceanic trenches and polar waters. The bryozoans are classified as the marine bryozoans (Stenolaemata), freshwater bryozoans (Phylactolaemata), and mostly-marine bryozoans (Gymnolaemata), a few members of which prefer brackish water. 5,869living species are known. At least two genera are solitary (''Aethozooides'' and ''Monobryozoon''); the rest are colonial. The terms Polyzoa and Bryozoa were introduced in 1830 and 1831, respectively. Soon after it was named, another group of animals was discovered whose filtering mechanism looked similar, so it was included in Bryozoa until 1869, when the two groups were no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stenolaemata
Stenolaemata are a class of exclusively marine bryozoans. Stenolaemates originated and diversified in the Ordovician, and more than 600 species are still alive today.Stenolaemata. The Digital Atlas of Ordovician Life. All extant (living) species are in the order , the third-largest order of living bryozoans.Ramalho, L. V., G. Muricy, and P. D. Taylor. (2009) Cyclostomata (Bryozoa, Stenolaemata) from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. ''Zootaxa'' 2057 32-52. These animals are stationary [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palaeostomata
Palaeostomata is a superorder of extinct stenolaemate bryozoans, including all extinct orders within Stenolaemata and excluding the order Cyclostomata Cyclostomi, often referred to as Cyclostomata , is a group of vertebrates that comprises the living jawless fishes: the lampreys and hagfishes. Both groups have jawless mouths with horny epidermal structures that function as teeth called cer ..., which is the only extant stenolaemate order. Palaeostomates are sometimes called "stony bryozoans" because they are heavily calcified, making them ideal candidates for fossilization. They are distinct from cyclostomes because they lack calcified exterior walls above the basal lamina and because their zooecial tubes are transected by calcitic partitions, such as diaphragms (which serve as the "floor" for the individual zooids that live in the zooecial tubes). References Stenolaemata Fossil taxa described in 2014 {{bryozoan-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fenestrata
Fenestrata is an extinct order of bryozoan, dating from the Upper Arenig In geology, the Arenig (or Arenigian) is a time interval during the Ordovician period and also the suite of rocks which were deposited during this interval. History The term was first used by Adam Sedgwick in 1847 with reference to the "Arenig .... Most fenestrate bryozoans formed net-like colonies, often in funnel- or fan-shaped forms, with a single layer of zooids facing one direction. The colony shape served as a filter-feeding apparatus that water currents flowed through, with autozooecial apertures only on the side of the colony facing into the current. This colony structure was vulnerable to predators, so some fenestrate bryozoans produced skeletal superstructures, likely to strengthen or protect the colony, and others had protective spines surrounding their autozooecial apertures. Some sources consider ''Fenestrata'' to be a synonym of '' Fenestrida'', while others treat them as separate orders. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cystoporata
Cystoporata, also known as Cystoporida or cystoporates, are an extinct order of Paleozoic bryozoans in the class Stenolaemata. Their fossils are found from Ordovician to Triassic strata. All cystoporatan bryozoan genera (around 50 or so) have a "cystopore", a chamber-like supporting structure, separated from each other by transverse septa, situated between the characteristically elongated zooecia of each individual colony. Families * Acanthoceramoporellidae (Ordovician) * Actinotrypidae (Carboniferous-Permian) * Anolotichiidae (Ordovician) * Botrylloporidae (Ordovician-Devonian) * Ceramoporidae (Ordovician-Devonian) * Constellariidae (Ordovician-Silurian) * Cystodictyonidae (Devonian-Permian) * Etherellidae (Permian) * Evactinoporidae (Carboniferous-Permian) * Fistuliporidae (Ordovician-Permian) * Goniocladiidae (Devonian-Permian) * Hexagonellidae (Ordovician-Permian) * Revalotrypidae (Ordovician) * Rhinoporidae Rhinoporidae is an extinct family of bryozoans wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trepostomatida
Trepostomatida (the trepostomates) is an extinct order of bryozoans in the class Stenolaemata. Trepostome bryozoans possessed mineralized calcitic skeletons and are frequently fossilized; some of the largest known fossilized bryozoan colonies are branching trepostomes and massive dome-shaped trepostomes. Trepostomes did not have many specialized zooecia beyond ordinary feeding autozooecia. The two main known heteromorphs are exilazooecia and mesozooecia, which had the purpose of maintaining regular spacing between autozooecia. See also * Taxonomy of commonly fossilised invertebrates Although the phylogenetic classification of non-vertebrate animals (both extinct and extant) remains a work-in-progress, the following taxonomy attempts to be useful by combining both traditional (old) ''and'' new (21st-century) paleozoologic ... References External links Prehistoric animal orders Prehistoric bryozoans Extinct bryozoans {{paleo-protostome-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cryptostomata
Cryptostomata is an order of fossil bryozoans that lived from the Ordovician to the Permian The Permian ( ) is a geologic period and System (stratigraphy), stratigraphic system which spans 47 million years from the end of the Carboniferous Period million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Triassic Period 251.9 Mya. It is the last .... References Prehistoric bryozoans Stenolaemata Ordovician bryozoans Permian invertebrates Protostome orders Ordovician first appearances Permian extinctions {{bryozoan-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basal (phylogenetics)
In phylogenetics, basal is the direction of the ''base'' (or root) of a phylogenetic tree#Rooted tree, rooted phylogenetic tree or cladogram. The term may be more strictly applied only to nodes adjacent to the root, or more loosely applied to nodes regarded as being close to the root. Note that extant taxa that lie on branches connecting directly to the root are not more closely related to the root than any other extant taxa. While there must always be two or more equally "basal" clades sprouting from the root of every cladogram, those clades may differ widely in taxonomic rank, Phylogenetic diversity, species diversity, or both. If ''C'' is a basal clade within ''D'' that has the lowest rank of all basal clades within ''D'', ''C'' may be described as ''the'' basal taxon of that rank within ''D''. The concept of a 'key innovation' implies some degree of correlation between evolutionary innovation and cladogenesis, diversification. However, such a correlation does not make a given ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suborder
Order ( la, ordo) is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between family and class. In biological classification, the order is a taxonomic rank used in the classification of organisms and recognized by the nomenclature codes. An immediately higher rank, superorder, is sometimes added directly above order, with suborder directly beneath order. An order can also be defined as a group of related families. What does and does not belong to each order is determined by a taxonomist, as is whether a particular order should be recognized at all. Often there is no exact agreement, with different taxonomists each taking a different position. There are no hard rules that a taxonomist needs to follow in describing or recognizing an order. Some taxa are accepted almost universally, while others are recognized only rarely. The name of an order is usually written with a capital letter. For some groups of organisms, their orders may follow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gymnolaemata
Gymnolaemata are a class of Bryozoans. Gymnolaemata are sessile, mostly marine organisms and grow on the surfaces of rocks, kelp, and in some cases on animals, like fish. Zooids are cylindrical or flattened. The lophophore is protruded by action of muscles pulling on the frontal wall. This order includes the majority of living bryozoan species. Orders * Cheilostomata Busk, 1852 * Ctenostomatida The Ctenostomatida are an order of bryozoans in the class Gymnolaemata. The great majority of ctenostome species are marine, although '' Paludicella'' inhabits freshwater. They are distinguished from their close relatives, the cheilostomes, by ... Busk, 1852 External links * * References Protostome classes {{Bryozoan-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
