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State Security Service (Socialist Federal Republic Of Yugoslavia)
The State Security Service ( hr, Služba državne sigurnosti, sr, Служба државне безбедности; mk, Служба за државна безбедност; sl, Služba državne varnosti), also known by its original name as the State Security Administration, was the secret police organization of Communist Yugoslavia. It was at all times best known by the acronym UDBA, which is derived from the organization's original name in the Serbo-Croatian language: "''Uprava državne bezbednosti''" ("State Security Administration"). The acronyms SDB (Serbian) or SDS (Croatian) were used officially after the organization was renamed into "State Security Service". In its latter decades it was composed of eight semi-independent secret police organizations—one for each of the six Yugoslav federal republics and two for the autonomous provinces—coordinated by the central federal headquarters in the capital of Belgrade. Although it operated with more restraint than secr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
OZNA
The Department for People's Protection or OZNA ( sh-Cyrl-Latn, Одељење за заштиту нaрода, Odjeljenje za zaštitu naroda, Odeljenje za zaštitu naroda; mk, Одделение за заштита на народот; sl, Oddelek za zaščito naroda) was the security agency of Communist Yugoslavia that existed between 1944 and 1946. Founding The OZNA was founded on 13 May 1944 according to decision of Josip Broz Tito and under the leadership of Aleksandar Ranković (''nom de guerre'' Marko), a top member of the Politburo until his downfall in 1966, and a close associate of Josip Broz Tito. On 24 May 1944, only a day before the Operation Rösselsprung, Tito signed the Military Courts Regulations ( sh, Uredba o vojnim sudovima NOVJ), which in article number 27 stated that the court reaches its decisions whether the accused are guilty or not based on its free evaluation, regardless of the evidence. Based on the investigations performed by the OZNA, the military co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serbia And Montenegro
Serbia and Montenegro ( sr, Cрбија и Црна Гора, translit=Srbija i Crna Gora) was a country in Southeast Europe located in the Balkans that existed from 1992 to 2006, following the breakup of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFR Yugoslavia) which bordered Hungary to the north, Romania to the northeast, Bulgaria to the southeast, Macedonia to the south, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina to the west, and Albania to the southwest. The state was founded on 27 April 1992 as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, known as FR Yugoslavia or simply Yugoslavia which comprised the Republic of Serbia and the Republic of Montenegro. In February 2003, FR Yugoslavia was transformed from a federal republic to a political union until Montenegro seceded from the union in June 2006, leading to the full independence of both Serbia and Montenegro. Its aspirations to be the sole legal successor state to SFR Yugoslavia were not recognized by the United Nations, following t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Student Demonstrations In Belgrade In 1968
Student protests were held in Belgrade, Yugoslavia, as the first mass protest in Yugoslavia after World War II. Protests also broke out in other capitals of Yugoslav republics — Sarajevo, Zagreb and Ljubljana — but they were smaller and shorter than in Belgrade.- After youth protests erupted in Belgrade on the night of 2 June 1968, students of the Belgrade University went into a seven-day strike. Police beat the students and banned all public gatherings. Students then gathered at the Faculty of Philosophy, held debates and speeches on social justice and handed out banned copies of the magazine ''Student''. Students also protested against economic reforms, which led to high unemployment and forced workers to leave the country and find work elsewhere. In Ljubljana, more than 5000 people gathered on Prešern square. They were violently dispersed by police units from Croatia using batons, tear gas and water canons. Hundreds were injured. The protests were supported by prominent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Božidar Kavran
Božidar Kavran (1913–1948) was a member of the Croatian World War II Ustaše regime. Kavran was born in Zagreb on 22 September 1913. He served as leader of the Ustaše from May 1943 onwards. He attempted to organize a rebellion against the Communist Yugoslav government in the post-war years. He led a group of exiled Croatian fighters into the country on 4 July 1948. They called this ''Operation April 10''. However, he was captured by the UDBA in Operation Gvardijan Operation Gvardijan was covert action of Yugoslav State Security Administration (UDBA) from 1947 and 1948. It prevented an attempt by Ustasha emigrants to carry out terrorist and diversionary actions in Yugoslavia and unite anti-communist Crusa ... and executed in 1948. References Bibliography * 1913 births 1948 deaths Military personnel from Zagreb Croatian collaborators with Fascist Italy Croatian collaborators with Nazi Germany Executed Yugoslav collaborators with Nazi Germany People executed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Operation Gvardijan
Operation Gvardijan was covert action of Yugoslav State Security Administration (UDBA) from 1947 and 1948. It prevented an attempt by Ustasha emigrants to carry out terrorist and diversionary actions in Yugoslavia and unite anti-communist Crusaders in the country, in an uprising against the new authorities. Infiltration of the Ustashas (called Operation April 10April 10 was anniversary of proclamation of Independent State of Croatia) was initiated with the consent of Ante Pavelić (after its failure, he distanced himself from it). The action was led by Božidar Kavran. The first group was arrested on Mount Papuk. UDBA launched Operation Gvardijan to lure the escaped Ustashas by sending false messages, during which a total of 19 Ustasha groups were arrested. The operation ended with Kavran's arrest. The Ustashas were tried in August 1948. Most were sentenced to death, while others were sent to prison. A total of 96 Ustashas were arrested or killed, including Ante Vrban and Ljubo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Separatists
Separatism is the advocacy of cultural, ethnic, tribal, religious, racial, governmental or gender separation from the larger group. As with secession, separatism conventionally refers to full political separation. Groups simply seeking greater autonomy are not separatist as such. Some discourse settings equate separatism with religious segregation, racial segregation, or sex segregation, while other discourse settings take the broader view that separation by choice may serve useful purposes and is not the same as government-enforced segregation. There is some academic debate about this definition, and in particular how it relates to secessionism, as has been discussed online. Separatist groups practice a form of identity politics, or political activity and theorizing founded in the shared experiences of the group's members. Such groups believe attempts at integration with dominant groups compromise their identity and ability to pursue greater self-determination. However, econo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yugoslav People's Army
The Yugoslav People's Army (abbreviated as JNA/; Macedonian and sr-Cyrl-Latn, Југословенска народна армија, Jugoslovenska narodna armija; Croatian and bs, Jugoslavenska narodna armija; sl, Jugoslovanska ljudska armada, JLA), also called the Yugoslav National Army, was the military of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and its antecedents from 1945 to 1992. Origins The origins of the JNA started during the Yugoslav Partisans of World War II. As a predecessor of the JNA, the People's Liberation Army of Yugoslavia (NOVJ) was formed as a part of the anti-fascist People's Liberation War of Yugoslavia in the Bosnian town of Rudo on 22 December 1941. After the Yugoslav Partisans liberated the country from the Axis Powers, that date was officially celebrated as the "Day of the Army" in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFR Yugoslavia). In March 1945, the NOVJ was renamed the "Yugoslav Army" ("''Jugoslavenska/Jugoslovenska Armija' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
KOS (Yugoslavia)
The Counterintelligence Service or KOS ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, Kontraobavještajna služba, Контраобавештајна служба; sl, Kontraobveščevalna služba; mk, Контраразузнавачка служба) was the counterintelligence service of the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) that existed from 1946 until the breakup of Yugoslavia in 1991. In 1992, the Security Administration continued its work in Serbia and Montenegro. Founding and structure KOS was formed in 1946 as one of the remnants of the Department for Protection of the People (OZNA), with State Security Administration (UDBA) forming the second, civilian, component of the new security and intelligence structure of SFR Yugoslavia. In 1955 changed its name to Security Administration and relocated from the General Staff to State Secretariat of People's Defence, later Federal Secretariat of Peoples Defence. Activities Most information is still scant due to its classification as military secret, but some ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Service For Research And Documentation
The Service for Research and Documentation ( sr, Služba za Istraživanje i Dokumentaciju; abbr. SID) was the foreign intelligence agency of Serbia Serbia (, ; Serbian: , , ), officially the Republic of Serbia ( Serbian: , , ), is a landlocked country in Southeastern and Central Europe, situated at the crossroads of the Pannonian Basin and the Balkans. It shares land borders with Hu .... It was under authority of Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Serbia. The Service's responsibility was intelligence gathering and other security activities relating to terrorism. History The Service was established in 1947 in the former Yugoslavia. On 11 December 2007, new ''Law on security and intelligence services of Republic of Serbia'' was adopted, which determined three security and intelligence agencies of Serbia. The three existing are: * BIA (Security Information Agency) * VOA (Military Intelligence Agency) * VBA (Military Security Agency) The other two, the ''Service for Rese ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Collectivism And Individualism
In sociology, a social organization is a pattern of relationships between and among individuals and social groups. Characteristics of social organization can include qualities such as sexual composition, spatiotemporal cohesion, leadership, structure, division of labor, communication systems, and so on. And because of these characteristics of social organization, people can monitor their everyday work and involvement in other activities that are controlled forms of human interaction. These interactions include: affiliation, collective resources, substitutability of individuals and recorded control. These interactions come together to constitute common features in basic social units such as family, enterprises, clubs, states, etc. These are social organizations. Common examples of modern social organizations are government agencies, NGO's and corporations. Elements Social organizations happen in everyday life. Many people belong to various social structures—institutional ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Informbiro
The Informbiro period was an era of Yugoslavia's history following the Tito–Stalin split in mid-1948 that lasted until the country's partial rapprochement with the Soviet Union in 1955 with the signing of the Belgrade declaration. After World War II in Yugoslavia, Yugoslavia's new leadership under Josip Broz Tito pursued a foreign policy that did not align with the interests of the Eastern Bloc. Eventually, this led to public conflict, but the Yugoslav leadership decided not to acquiesce to Soviet demands, despite significant external and internal pressures. The period saw the persecution of the political opposition in Yugoslavia, resulting in thousands being imprisoned, exiled, or sent to forced labour. 100 Yugoslav citizens were seriously wounded or killed between 1948 and 1953 while some sources claim 400 victims during the existence of Goli otok prison camp. The purges included a significant number of members of Yugoslavia's security apparatus and its military. Thi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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