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Squatting In Brazil
Squatting in Brazil is the occupation of unused or derelict buildings or land without the permission of the owner. After attempting to eradicate slums in the 1960s and 1970s, local governments transitioned to a policy of toleration. Cities such as Recife, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo have large informal settlements known as favelas. A more recent phenomenon is the occupation of buildings in city centres by organised groups. In rural areas across the country, the Landless Workers' Movement (MST) arranges large land occupations. Legality The Brazilian Constituent Assembly (1988), Brazilian Constituent Assembly of 1988 enshrined the right to housing in the constitution. It is possible to claim adverse possession after five years, under the principle of usucapião. In the case of the Mauá building in São Paulo, the squatters requested adverse possession in 2012 but the owner had made a claim for possession four days before the five year limit, despite the building having been derel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BRA Orthographic
A bra, short for brassiere or brassière (, or ; ), is a form-fitting undergarment that is primarily used to support and cover breasts. It can serve a range of other practical and aesthetic purposes, including enhancing or reducing the appearance of breast size and creating Cleavage (breasts), cleavage. Bras can also serve specific functions, such as nursing bras to facilitate breastfeeding or sports bras to minimize discomfort during exercise. A typical bra consists of a chest band that wraps around the torso, supporting two breast cups that are held in place by shoulder straps. A bra is usually closed in the back by a Hook-and-eye closure, hook and eye fastener. However, bras are available in a large range of styles, whose designs can vary widely. Initially, the bra was exclusively an undergarment, but the sports bra has gained acceptance as outerwear, as have fashions that deliberately expose the bra straps. The bra gained widespread adoption in the early twentieth cen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paulo Freire
Paulo Reglus Neves Freire (19 September 1921 – 2 May 1997) was a Brazilian educator and philosopher who was a leading advocate of critical pedagogy. His influential work ''Pedagogy of the Oppressed'' is generally considered one of the foundational texts of the critical pedagogy movement, and was the third most cited book in the social sciences according to Google Scholar. Biography Freire was born on 19 September 1921 to a middle-class family in Recife, the capital of the northeastern Brazilian state of Pernambuco. He became familiar with poverty and hunger from an early age as a result of the Great Depression. In 1931 his family moved to the more affordable city of Jaboatão dos Guararapes, 18 km west of Recife. His father died on 31 October 1934. During his childhood and adolescence, Freire ended up four grades behind, and his social life revolved around playing pick-up football with other poor children, from whom he claims to have learned a great deal. These exper ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suely Franco
Suely Franco (born 16 October 1939) is a Brazilian actress. She was born in Rio de Janeiro. One of her most notable parts is the character Mimosa in ''O Cravo e a Rosa ''O Cravo e a Rosa'' ( en, The Thorn and the Rose) is a Brazilian telenovela produced and broadcast by TV Globo. It premiered on 26 June 2000 and ran until 10 March 2001. It is based on the Shakespearean comedy ''The Taming of the Shrew''. Plot ...'' (2001). Filmography References External links * 1939 births[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
José Dumont
José Dumont (born 1 August 1950 in Bananeiras, Paraíba) is a Brazilian TV and movie actor, best known for his role as the family father in ''Behind the Sun'' (''Abril Despedaçado''), an award-winning film of director Walter Salles. More recently, he has been lionised for his role as the slick artist agent-entrepreneur in the movie 2 Filhos de Francisco. Born in the state of Paraíba, in Brazilian Northeast, Dumont has the typical ''physique du rôle'' of its inhabitants, and because of this is often chosen for interpreting them. He began his award-studded acting career in the theater and cinema, in 1975. He became better known throughout the country by his noted participation in the films ''Lúcio Flávio – Passageiro da Agonia'', directed by Hector Babenco in 1977, and ''Gaijin'', directed by Tizuka Yamasaki, in 1980. His first awards came in 1979, as the best actor in the film festivals of Gramado and Brasília, in ''O Homem que Virou Suco'', directed by João Batist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eliane Caffé
Eliane Caffé (born 1961) is a Brazilian filmmaker. Born in São Paulo, Caffé got a Psychology degree from the Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo in 1985 and a master's degree from Universidad Autónoma de Madrid in 1992. Caffé directed some short films in the beginning of her career. Her first feature film, ''Kenoma'', from 1997, was exhibited at the 55th Venice Film Festival, and won the Soleil d'or in the 20th Biarritz Film Festival, among other awards. Her second feature was ''Narradores de Javé'', from 2003 . In 2016, she released '' Era o Hotel Cambridge'', a docufiction about a squatted hotel in downtown São Paulo. Filmography * 1987 - ''O nariz'' (short film) * 1990 - ''Arabesco'' (short film) * 1995 - ''Caligrama'' (short film) * 1998 - ''Kenoma'' (Feature film) * 2003 - ''Narradores de Javé'' (Feature film) * 2008 - ''O Mago dos Viadutos'' (short film) * 2009 - ''O Sol do Meio Dia'' (Feature film) * 2009 - ''O Louco dos Viadutos'' (miniseries for TV Cult ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazilian Portuguese
Brazilian Portuguese (' ), also Portuguese of Brazil (', ) or South American Portuguese (') is the set of varieties of the Portuguese language native to Brazil and the most influential form of Portuguese worldwide. It is spoken by almost all of the 214 million inhabitants of Brazil and spoken widely across the Brazilian diaspora, today consisting of about two million Brazilians who have emigrated to other countries. With a population of over 214 million, Brazil is by far the world's largest Portuguese-speaking nation and the only one in the Americas. Brazilian Portuguese differs, particularly in phonology and prosody, from varieties spoken in Portugal and Portuguese-speaking African countries. In these latter countries, the language tends to have a closer connection to contemporary European Portuguese, partly because Portuguese colonial rule ended much more recently there than in Brazil, partly due to the heavy indigenous and African influence on Brazilian Portuguese. Despite t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Cambridge Squatter
''The Cambridge Squatter'' (Brazilian Portuguese: ''Era o Hotel Cambridge'') is a 2016 Brazilian film directed by Eliane Caffé. It tells a fictionalised version of the occupation of the Cambridge Hotel in innercity São Paulo. Filmed mainly in the building, actual squatters act alongside well-known Brazilian actors such as José Dumont and Suely Franco. Synopsis The film tracks the occupation of the Cambridge Hotel by low-paid workers and refugees. It is a large 15 storey building in the innercity of São Paulo. The squatters include people from the Congo, Haiti, Syria and Palestine as well as from Brazil. From the established actors, José Dumont plays Apolo, who in a film within the film is workshopping a documentary set in the building and Suely Franco is Gilda, an elderly circus performer. A charismatic housing activist is played by Carmen Silva (who is in real life a campaigner with Frente de Luta por Moradia (FLM, or the Front for Housing Struggle)). Filming mostly inside ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Via Campesina
La Vía Campesina (from es, la vía campesina, ) is an international farmers organization founded in 1993 in Mons, Belgium, formed by 182 organisations in 81 countries, and describing itself as "an international movement which coordinates peasant organizations of small and middle-scale producers, agricultural workers, rural women, and indigenous communities from Asia, Africa, America, and Europe"."Global Small-Scale Farmers' Movement Developing New Trade Regimes", Food First ''News & Views'', Volume 28, Number 97 Spring/Summer 2005, p.2. Via Campesina advocates for family-farm-based sustainable agriculture, and was the group that coined the term " food sovereignty". La Vía Campesina carries out campaigns to defend farmer's right to seeds, to stop violence against women, for agrarian reform, and generally for the recognition of the rights of peasants. History Background and approach Starting in the 1980s governments were intervening less in the rural countryside, which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paraná (state)
Paraná () is one of the 26 states of Brazil, in the south of the country, bordered on the north by São Paulo state, on the east by the Atlantic Ocean, on the south by Santa Catarina state and the province of Misiones, Argentina, and on the west by Mato Grosso do Sul and Paraguay, with the Paraná River as its western boundary line. It is subdivided into 399 municipalities, and its capital is the city of Curitiba. Other major cities are Londrina, Maringá, Ponta Grossa, Cascavel, São José dos Pinhais and Foz do Iguaçu. The state is home to 5.4% of the Brazilian population and has 6.2% of the Brazilian GDP. Crossed by the Tropic of Capricorn, Paraná has what is left of the araucaria forest, one of the most important subtropical forests in the world. At the border with Argentina is the National Park of Iguaçu, considered by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. At only from there, at the border with Paraguay, the largest dam in the world was built, the Hidroelétrica de Itaipu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pontal Do Paraná
Pontal do Paraná is a municipality in the state of Paraná in the Southern Region of Brazil. Pontal do Paraná is home to the Center for Marine Studies, Federal University of Paraná. The municipality contains the Rio Perequê Municipal Nature Park, created in 2001 to protect an area of mangroves in Pontal do Sul. It also contains the Restinga Municipal Nature Park, created at the same time. The municipality also includes the Ilhas dos Currais Marine National Park, which protects three small islands that provide a nesting ground for marine birds and a refuge and feeding ground for fish. See also *List of municipalities in Paraná This is a list of the municipalities in the state of Paraná (PR), located in the South Region of Brazil. Paraná is divided into 399 municipalities, which are grouped into 39 microregions, which are grouped into 10 mesoregions. See also * ... References Populated coastal places in Paraná (state) Municipalities in Paraná ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prestes Maia (building)
The Prestes Maia building, or sometimes simply Prestes Maia (), is believed to be the largest squatted highrise building in South America, with an estimated 2000 inhabitants. The complex is made up of two tower blocks, Bloco A and Bloco B, the latter of which has the address ''Avenida Prestes Maia, 911'' near Luz Station in downtown São Paulo. Businessman Jorge Nacle Hamuche purchased the building at auction in 1993 and co-owns it with his business partner, Eduardo Amorim. The building remains registered to the previous owner, the bankrupt National Cloth Company (''Companhia Nacional de Tecidos'' in Portuguese), where Hamuche had been employed. 468 families, united through the Downtown Roofless Movement (Movimento Sem Teto do Centro or MSTC) of São Paulo, have lived in the 22-storey highrise since 2002. The building had been closed and left in a rundown condition for years. The new residents cleaned out rubbish and litter, organized it, and expelled drug and other criminal boss ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2014 Brazilian Economic Crisis
From mid-2014 onward, Brazil experienced a severe economic crisis. The country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) fell by 3.5% in 2015 and 3.3% in 2016, after which a small economic recovery began. That recovery continued until 2020, when the COVID-19 pandemic began to impact the economy again. The economic crisis occurred alongside a political crisis that resulted in the impeachment of president Dilma Rousseff. These events combined caused mass popular dissatisfaction with the political system. The cause of the crisis was the aforementioned political crisis, as well as the 2014 commodity price shock, which negatively affected Brazil's exports and reduced the entrance of foreign capital into the economy. However, the most important cause was internal, which is associated with economic measures that didn't achieve the expected results. Adopted in 2011, these measures are known as the ' ("new economic matrix", in a free translation). During the economic crisis, high unemployment rate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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