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Spline (PSF)
Spline may refer to: Mathematics * Spline (mathematics), a mathematical function used for interpolation or smoothing * Smoothing spline, a method of smoothing using a spline function Devices * Spline (mechanical), a mating feature for rotating elements * Flat spline, a device to draw curves * Spline drive, a type of screw drive * Spline cord, a type of thin rubber cord used to secure a window screen to its frame * Spline (or star filler), a type of plastic cable filler for CAT cable Other * Spline (alien beings), in Stephen Baxter's Xeelee Sequence novels See also * {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spline (mathematics)
In mathematics, a spline is a special function defined piecewise by polynomials. In interpolating problems, spline interpolation is often preferred to polynomial interpolation because it yields similar results, even when using low degree polynomials, while avoiding Runge's phenomenon for higher degrees. In the computer science subfields of computer-aided design and computer graphics, the term ''spline'' more frequently refers to a piecewise polynomial ( parametric) curve. Splines are popular curves in these subfields because of the simplicity of their construction, their ease and accuracy of evaluation, and their capacity to approximate complex shapes through curve fitting and interactive curve design. The term spline comes from the flexible spline devices used by shipbuilders and draftsmen to draw smooth shapes. Introduction The term "spline" is used to refer to a wide class of functions that are used in applications requiring data interpolation and/or smoothing. The data ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Smoothing Spline
Smoothing splines are function estimates, \hat f(x), obtained from a set of noisy observations y_i of the target f(x_i), in order to balance a measure of goodness of fit of \hat f(x_i) to y_i with a derivative based measure of the smoothness of \hat f(x). They provide a means for smoothing noisy x_i, y_i data. The most familiar example is the cubic smoothing spline, but there are many other possibilities, including for the case where x is a vector quantity. Cubic spline definition Let \ be a set of observations, modeled by the relation Y_i = f(x_i) + \epsilon_i where the \epsilon_i are independent, zero mean random variables (usually assumed to have constant variance). The cubic smoothing spline estimate \hat f of the function f is defined to be the minimizer (over the class of twice differentiable functions) of : \sum_^n \^2 + \lambda \int \hat f''(x)^2 \,dx. Remarks: * \lambda \ge 0 is a smoothing parameter, controlling the trade-off between fidelity to the data and roughnes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spline (mechanical)
Splines are ridges or teeth on a drive shaft that matches with grooves in a mating piece and transfer torque to it, maintaining the angular correspondence between them. For instance, a gear mounted on a shaft might use a male spline on the shaft that matches the female spline on the gear. The splines on the pictured drive shaft match with the female splines in the center of the clutch plate, while the smooth tip of the axle is supported in the pilot bearing in the flywheel. An alternative to splines is a keyway and key, though splines provide a longer fatigue life, and can carry significantly greater torques for the size. Types There are several types of splines: ;Parallel key spline: where the sides of the equally spaced grooves are parallel in both directions, radial and axial. ;Involute spline: where the sides of the equally spaced grooves are involute, as with an involute gear, but not as tall. The curves increase strength by decreasing stress concentrations. ;Crowned spl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flat Spline
A spline consists of a long strip fixed in position at a number of points whose tension creates a smooth curve passing through those points, for the purpose of transferring that curve to another material. Before computers were used for creating engineering designs, drafting tools were employed by designers drawing by hand. To draw curves, especially for shipbuilding, draftsmen often used long, thin, flexible strips of wood, plastic, or metal called splines (or laths, not to be confused with lathes). The splines were held in place with lead weights (called ducks because of their duck-like shape). The elasticity of the spline material combined with the constraint of the control points, or knots, would cause the strip to take the shape that minimized the energy required for bending it between the fixed points, this being the smoothest possible shape. One can recreate an original draftsman's spline device with weights and a length of thin plastic or wood, flexible to bend enough ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spline Drive
At a minimum, a screw drive is a set of shaped cavities and protrusions on the screw head that allows torque to be applied to it. Usually, it also involves a mating tool, such as a screwdriver, that is used to turn it. The following heads are categorized based on frequency, with some of the less-common drives being classified as "tamper-resistant." Most heads come in a range of sizes, typically distinguished by a number, such as "Phillips #00". These sizes do not necessarily describe a particular dimension of the drive shape, but rather are arbitrary designations. Slotted drives Slot Slot screw drives have a single horizontal indentation (the ''slot'') in the fastener head and is driven by a "common blade" or flat-bladed screwdriver. This form was the first type of screw drive to be developed, and for centuries, it was the simplest and cheapest to make. Additionally, it is unique compared to other common drives, due to it being straightforward to manufacture the slot h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Window Screen
A window screen (also known as insect screen, bug screen, fly screen, flywire, wire mesh, or window net) is designed to cover the opening of a window. It is usually a mesh made of metal, fiberglass, fibreglass, plastic wire, or other pieces of plastic and stretched in a Frame and panel, frame of wood or metal. It serves to keep leaves, debris, bugs, birds, and other animals from entering a building or a screened porch, screened structure such as a porch, without blocking fresh air-flow. Most houses in Australia, the United States and Canada and other parts of the world have screens on windows to prevent entry of flying insects such as Mosquito, mosquitoes, flies and Wasp, wasps. In some regions such as the northern United States and Canada, screens were required to be replaced by glass storm windows in the winter, but now combination storm and screen windows are available, which allow glass and screen panels to slide up and down. For screens installed on aluminium frames, the m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Star Filler
A star filler (also known as cross filler, splines, separators and crossweb fillers) is a type of plastic insert in Cat 5 and Cat 6 cable which separates the individual stranded pair sets from each other while inside of the cable. It increases the thickness and density of the cable but reduces crosstalk and is commonly used only in higher-performance Cat 6A cable, but is also sometimes seen in Cat 5e. A major reason it isn't used widely in cable in the consumer world is that it is not only typically more expensive than regular cable, but it takes up more room, it is harder to bend, and very difficult to manually crimp compared to Cat cable without the star filler. In the IT world, it is often used in cable that is deployed in noisy environments such as datacenters or machine shops. See also * Spacers and standoffs In general, a spacer is a solid material used to separate two parts in an assembly. Spacers can vary in size from microns to centimeters. They can be made of metal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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