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Spirochaetes
A spirochaete () American and British English spelling differences#ae and oe, or spirochete is a member of the phylum (biology), phylum Spirochaetota (also called Spirochaetes ), which contains distinctive diderm bacteria, diderm (double-membrane) Gram-negative bacteria, most of which have long, spiral bacteria, helically coiled (corkscrew-shaped or spiraled, hence the name) cells. Spirochaetes are chemoheterotrophic in nature, with lengths between 3 and 500 μm and diameters around 0.09 to at least 3 μm. Spirochaetes are distinguished from other bacterial phyla by the location of their flagellum, flagella, called endoflagella, or periplasmic flagella, which are sometimes called ''axial filaments''. Endoflagella are anchored at each end (pole) of the bacterium within the periplasmic space (between the inner and outer membranes) where they project backwards to extend the length of the cell. These cause a twisting motion which allows the spirochaete to move. When rep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spirochete Cross Section
A spirochaete () or spirochete is a member of the phylum Spirochaetota (also called Spirochaetes ), which contains distinctive diderm (double-membrane) Gram-negative bacteria, most of which have long, helically coiled (corkscrew-shaped or spiraled, hence the name) cells. Spirochaetes are chemoheterotrophic in nature, with lengths between 3 and 500 μm and diameters around 0.09 to at least 3 μm. Spirochaetes are distinguished from other bacterial phyla by the location of their flagella, called endoflagella, or periplasmic flagella, which are sometimes called ''axial filaments''. Endoflagella are anchored at each end (pole) of the bacterium within the periplasmic space (between the inner and outer membranes) where they project backwards to extend the length of the cell. These cause a twisting motion which allows the spirochaete to move. When reproducing, a spirochaete will undergo asexual transverse binary fission. Most spirochaetes are free-living and anaer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Syphilis
Syphilis () is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium ''Treponema pallidum'' subspecies ''pallidum''. The signs and symptoms depend on the stage it presents: primary, secondary, latent syphilis, latent or tertiary. The primary stage classically presents with a single chancre (a firm, painless, non-itchy Ulcer_(dermatology), skin ulceration usually between 1 cm and 2 cm in diameter), though there may be multiple sores. In secondary syphilis, a diffuse rash occurs, which frequently involves the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. There may also be sores in the mouth or vagina. Latent syphilis has no symptoms and can last years. In tertiary syphilis, there are Gumma (pathology), gummas (soft, non-cancerous growths), neurological problems, or heart symptoms. Syphilis has been known as "The Great Imitator, the great imitator", because it may cause symptoms similar to many other diseases. Syphilis is most commonly spread through human sexual activi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treponema Pallidum
''Treponema pallidum'', formerly known as ''Spirochaeta pallida'', is a Microaerophile, microaerophilic, Gram-negative bacteria, gram-negative, spirochaete bacterium with subspecies that cause the diseases syphilis, bejel (also known as endemic syphilis), and yaws. It is known to be transmitted only among humans and baboons. ''T. pallidum'' can enter the host through mucosal membranes or open lesions in the skin and is primarily spread through sexual contact. It is a helically coiled microorganism usually 6–15 μm long and 0.1–0.2 μm wide. ''T. pallidum'''s lack of both a Citric acid cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle and processes for oxidative phosphorylation results in minimal metabolic activity. As a Chemoorganoheterotrophic, chemoorganoheterotroph, ''Treponema pallidum'' is an obligate parasite that acquires its glucose carbon source from its host. Glucose can be used not only as a primary carbon source but also in glycolytic mechanisms to generate ATP needed to power the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leptospirosis
Leptospirosis is a blood infection caused by the bacterium ''Leptospira'' that can infect humans, dogs, rodents and many other wild and domesticated animals. Signs and symptoms can range from none to mild (headaches, Myalgia, muscle pains, and fevers) to severe (pulmonary hemorrhage, bleeding in the lungs or meningitis). Weil's disease ( ), the acute, severe form of leptospirosis, causes the infected individual to become jaundiced (skin and eyes become yellow), develop kidney failure, and bleed. Bleeding from the lungs associated with leptospirosis is known as severe pulmonary haemorrhage syndrome. More than ten genetic types of ''Leptospira'' cause disease in humans. Both wild and domestic animals can spread the disease, most commonly rodents. The bacteria are spread to humans through animal urine or manure, feces, or water or soil contaminated with animal urine and feces, coming into contact with the eyes, mouth, nose or breaks in the skin. In developing countries, the dis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brachyspirales
Brachyspiraceae is a family of Spirochaetota. Spirochetosis of the Appendix, caused by '' Brachyspira aalborgi'' or '' Brachyspira pilosicoli'', is not associated with appendicitis. See also * List of bacteria genera * List of bacterial orders This article lists the orders of the Bacteria. The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and the phylogeny is based on 16 ... References Spirochaetes {{spirochaetae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brevinematales
''Brevinema andersonii'' (Brev. i. ne' ma. L. adj. brevis, short; Gr. n. nema, thread; N.L. neut. n. Brevinema, a short thread.) (an.derso'ni.i. N.L. gen. n. andersonii, of Anderson), named for John F. Anderson, who first described the organism. This organism is a Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-negative, Microaerophile, microaerophilic, helical shaped, Primary nutritional groups, chemoorganotrophic organism from the genus ''Brevinema (bacterium), Brevinema''. ''Brevinema andersonii'' is host associated, strains have been isolated from blood and other tissues of short-tailed shrews (''Northern short-tailed shrew, Blarina brevicauda'') and white-footed mice (''Peromyscus Zeucopus'') and are infectious for laboratory mice and Syrian hamsters.''B. andersonii'' is readily identified by restriction enzyme analysis, and Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, SDS-PAGE, or fatty acid composition data. Another identifier for ''B. andersonii'' is the sheathed periplasmic Flagellum, flagella in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leptospirales
The Leptospiraceae are a family of spirochete bacteria. It includes the genus ''Leptospira'' which contains some pathogenic species. Phylogeny The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) See also * List of bacterial orders * List of bacteria genera This article lists the genera of the bacteria Bacteria (; : bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one Cell (biology), biological cell. They constitute a large domain (biology), domain of Prokaryote, ... References Spirochaetes {{Spirochaetae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spirochaetales
The Spirochaetales are an order of spirochete bacteria. Some species within this order are known to causes syphilis, Lyme disease, relapsing fever, and other illnesses. Phylogeny The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). See also * List of bacteria genera * List of bacterial orders This article lists the orders of the Bacteria. The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and the phylogeny is based on 16 ... References Spirochaetes Gram-negative bacteria Bacteria orders {{Spirochaetae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leptospira
''Leptospira'' () is a genus of spirochaete bacteria, including a small number of pathogenic and saprophytic species. ''Leptospira'' was first observed in 1907 in kidney tissue slices of a leptospirosis victim who was described as having died of " yellow fever". Taxonomy ''Leptospira'', together with the genera ''Leptonema'' and ''Turneria'', is a member of the family Leptospiraceae. The genus ''Leptospira'' is divided into 20 species based on DNA hybridization studies. Pathogenic ''Leptospira'' :''Leptospira alstonii'' Smythe et al. 2013 ''Leptospira alstoni''" Haake et al. 1993:''Leptospira interrogans'' (Stimson 1907) Wenyon 1926 emend. Faine and Stallman 1982 ["''Spirochaeta interrogans''" Stimson 1907; "''Spirochaeta nodosa''" Hubener & Reiter 1916; "''Spirochaeta icterohaemorrhagiae''" Inada et al. 1916; "''Spirochaeta icterogenes''" Uhlenhuth & Fromme 1916; "''Leptospira icteroides''" Noguchi 1919] :''Leptospira kirschneri'' Ramadass et al. 1992 :''Leptospira noguchi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GC Content
In molecular biology and genetics, GC-content (or guanine-cytosine content) is the percentage of nitrogenous bases in a DNA or RNA molecule that are either guanine (G) or cytosine (C). This measure indicates the proportion of G and C bases out of an implied four total bases, also including adenine and thymine in DNA and adenine and uracil in RNA. GC-content may be given for a certain fragment of DNA or RNA or for an entire genome. When it refers to a fragment, it may denote the GC-content of an individual gene or section of a gene (domain), a group of genes or gene clusters, a non-coding region, or a synthetic oligonucleotide such as a primer. Structure Qualitatively, guanine (G) and cytosine (C) undergo a specific hydrogen bonding with each other, whereas adenine (A) bonds specifically with thymine (T) in DNA and with uracil (U) in RNA. Quantitatively, each GC base pair is held together by three hydrogen bonds, while AT and AU base pairs are held together by two hydrogen bon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genome Size
Genome size is the total amount of DNA contained within one copy of a single complete genome. It is typically measured in terms of mass in picograms (trillionths or 10−12 of a gram, abbreviated pg) or less frequently in daltons, or as the total number of nucleotide base pairs, usually in megabases (millions of base pairs, abbreviated Mb or Mbp). One picogram is equal to 978 megabases. In diploid organisms, genome size is often used interchangeably with the term C-value. An organism's complexity is not directly proportional to its genome size; total DNA content is widely variable between biological taxa. Some single-celled organisms have much more DNA than humans, for reasons that remain unclear (see Junk DNA and C-value). Variation in genome size and gene content Since the 1950s, with the emergence of various molecular techniques, the genome sizes of thousands of eukaryotes have been analyzed, and these data are available in online databases for animals, plants, and fung ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
