Spiral (bobsleigh, Luge, And Skeleton)
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Spiral (bobsleigh, Luge, And Skeleton)
The Spiral is a bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton track located in Iizuna village, located north of Nagano, Japan. Used for the bobsleigh and luge competitions for the 1998 Winter Olympics, it is the first permanent bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton track in Asia and the first of its type in the world with two or more uphill sections. It is officially referred to as the Nagano Bobsleigh-Luge Park in Japan. History and current status The track was among part of the venues used for the 1998 Winter Olympics that was started in 1990.1998 Winter Olympics official report Volume 2.
pp. 184-5, 226-9.
Construction on the track started in November 1993 and was completed in March 1996 with homologation from the

Nagano Bobsleigh-Luge Park
Nagano may refer to: Places * Nagano Prefecture, a prefecture in Japan ** Nagano (city), the capital city of the same prefecture *** Nagano 1998, the 1998 Winter Olympics *** Nagano Olympic Stadium, a baseball stadium in Nagano *** Nagano University, a private university in Nagano * Kawachi-Nagano, a city in Osaka prefecture Transportation * Nagano Electric Railway, a railway in Nagano, Japan * Nagano Station, a railway station in Nagano, Japan * Nagano Interchange, a road interchange of the Jōshin-etsu Expressway in Nagano, Japan * Hokuriku Shinkansen, originally Nagano Shinkansen, a high-speed Japanese railway * Nagano Line (Kintetsu), a railway in Osaka, Japan * Kawachinagano Station, a railway station in Kawachi-Nagano, Osaka, Japan Surname * Nagano (surname) See also * *Nagorno-Karabakh Nagorno-Karabakh ( ) is a landlocked country, landlocked region in the Transcaucasia, South Caucasus, within the mountainous range of Karabakh, lying between Lower Karabakh and S ...
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Rock (geology)
In geology, rock (or stone) is any naturally occurring solid mass or aggregate of minerals or mineraloid matter. It is categorized by the minerals included, its chemical composition, and the way in which it is formed. Rocks form the Earth's outer solid layer, the crust, and most of its interior, except for the liquid outer core and pockets of magma in the asthenosphere. The study of rocks involves multiple subdisciplines of geology, including petrology and mineralogy. It may be limited to rocks found on Earth, or it may include planetary geology that studies the rocks of other celestial objects. Rocks are usually grouped into three main groups: igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks and metamorphic rocks. Igneous rocks are formed when magma cools in the Earth's crust, or lava cools on the ground surface or the seabed. Sedimentary rocks are formed by diagenesis and lithification of sediments, which in turn are formed by the weathering, transport, and deposition of existing ro ...
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Alexander Resch
Alexander Resch (born 5 April 1979 in Berchtesgaden, Bavaria) is a German luger who competed from 1998 to 2010. Together with Patric Leitner, he won the men's doubles event at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, United States. They also competed at the 2006 Winter Olympics, finishing sixth. At their last race at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, they won bronze. In addition they won a dozen medals at the FIL World Luge Championships, including eight golds (Men's doubles:1999, 2000, 2004, 2007; Mixed team: 2001, 2003, 2004, 2007), two silvers (Men's doubles: 2005, Mixed team: 2000), and two bronzes (Men's doubles: 2003, Mixed team 1999). At the FIL European Luge Championships, they also won seven medals with five golds (Men's doubles: 2000, 2002, 2004, 2006; Mixed team: 2000), one silver (Mixed team: 2002), and one bronze (Men's doubles: 2008 (tied with Italy)). They won the overall Luge World Cup The Luge World Cup season is a yearly competition first organized by t ...
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Patric Leitner
Patric-Fritz Leitner (born 23 February 1977 in Berchtesgaden, Bavaria) is a German luger who competed from 1998 to 2010. Together with Alexander Resch he won the men's doubles event at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, United States. They also competed at the 2006 Winter Olympics, finishing sixth. At the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, they won bronze in their last race. In addition they won a dozen medals at the FIL World Luge Championships, including eight golds (Men's doubles:1999, 2000, 2004, 2007; Mixed team: 2001, 2003, 2004, 2007), two silvers (Men's doubles: 2005, Mixed team: 2000), and two bronzes (Men's doubles: 2003, Mixed team 1999). At the FIL European Luge Championships, they also won seven medals with five golds (Men's doubles: 2000, 2002, 2004, 2006; Mixed team: 2000), one silver (Mixed team: 2002), and one bronze (Men's doubles: 2008 (tied with Italy)). They won the overall Luge World Cup men's doubles title six ...
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Silke Kraushaar
Silke Kraushaar-Pielach (born Silke Kraushaar on 10 October 1970 in Sonneberg, Thuringia) is a German luger who competed from 1995 to 2008. In June 2008, she was named sports manager for the luge section of Bob- und Schlittenverband für Deutschland (BSD - German bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton federation). Sporting career Competing in three Winter Olympics, Kraushaar-Pielach won a complete set of medals in the women's singles event with a gold in 1998 (when she beat her team-mate Barbara Niedernhuber by 2 thousandths of a second), a silver in 2006, and a bronze in 2002. She also won ten medals at the FIL World Luge Championships with four golds (Women's singles: 2004, Mixed team: 2000, 2001, 2007), four silvers (Women's singles: 2000, 2001; Mixed team: 1997, 1999), and two bronze (Women's singles: 2007, 2008). Kraushaar-Pielach won ten medals at the FIL European Luge Championships, including seven golds (Women's singles: 1998, 2004, 2006; Mixed team: 1998, 2000, 2004, 2006) and ...
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David Möller
David Möller (also spelled Moeller, born 13 January 1982) is a German former luger who competed from 2001 to 2014. He won six medals at the FIL World Luge Championships with four golds (Men's singles: 2004, 2007; Mixed team: 2004, 2007), one silver (Men's singles: 2008), and one bronze (Men's singles: 2005) Möller also won four medals at the FIL European Luge Championships with one gold (Mixed team: 2006), one silver (Men's singles: 2004), and two bronzes (Men's singles: 2006, 2008). He also finished fifth in the men's singles event at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Torino and won the silver medal at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver . Möller's best Luge World Cup overall finish was second three times (2005-6, 2006-7, 2007-8). On 18 January 2009, Möller suffered a cruciate ligament rupture while training in Oberhof. He underwent surgery for the rupture in Munich at the end of February. Möller underwent physical rehabilitation in early 2009 to prepare for the 2009-10 L ...
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Altenberg, Germany
Altenberg () is a town in the Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge district, in Saxony, Germany. Geography The town is situated in the Ore Mountains, 32 km south of Dresden, and 15 km northwest of Teplice, Czech Republic. The village of Zinnwald-Georgenfeld registered the lowest annual mean temperature (4.9 °C) of all inhabited places in Germany during the period 1961–1990. Additionally, it also holds the German record for the highest amount of precipitation recorded in one day, 312 mm. The highest snow depth ever recorded was 163 cm in 2005. Municipal divisions The town Altenberg consists of the following ''Ortschaften'' or municipal divisions:Hauptsatzung der Stadt Altenberg
§ 18, June 2021.
*Altenberg (incl.
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Altenberg Bobsleigh, Luge, And Skeleton Track
The Altenberg bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton track is a venue in Germany for bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton (sport), skeleton. Located in Saxony in eastern Germany, it is northwest of Altenberg, Saxony, Altenberg, near the border with the Czech Republic. History Altenberg raced bobsleigh as early as 1908 on a natural track going downhill. By the late 1970s, the East Germany, East Germans were already successful in luge, and had increasing success in bobsleigh. This included a total of six Winter Olympic medals Bobsleigh at the Winter Olympics, in bobsleigh in Bobsleigh at the 1976 Winter Olympics, 1976 and Bobsleigh at the 1980 Winter Olympics, 1980, along with five FIBT World Championships, world bobsleigh championship medals between FIBT World Championships 1977, 1977 and FIBT World Championships 1979, 1979.Bobsleigh tw ...
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Beech
Beech (''Fagus'') is a genus of deciduous trees in the family Fagaceae, native to temperate Europe, Asia, and North America. Recent classifications recognize 10 to 13 species in two distinct subgenera, ''Engleriana'' and ''Fagus''. The ''Engleriana'' subgenus is found only in East Asia, distinctive for its low branches, often made up of several major trunks with yellowish bark. The better known ''Fagus'' subgenus beeches are high-branching with tall, stout trunks and smooth silver-grey bark. The European beech (''Fagus sylvatica'') is the most commonly cultivated. Beeches are monoecious, bearing both male and female flowers on the same plant. The small flowers are unisexual, the female flowers borne in pairs, the male flowers wind-pollinating catkins. They are produced in spring shortly after the new leaves appear. The fruit of the beech tree, known as beechnuts or mast, is found in small burrs that drop from the tree in autumn. They are small, roughly triangular, and edible, w ...
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Sapling
In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, including only woody plants with secondary growth, plants that are usable as lumber or plants above a specified height. In wider definitions, the taller palms, tree ferns, bananas, and bamboos are also trees. Trees are not a taxonomic group but include a variety of plant species that have independently evolved a trunk and branches as a way to tower above other plants to compete for sunlight. The majority of tree species are angiosperms or hardwoods; of the rest, many are gymnosperms or softwoods. Trees tend to be long-lived, some reaching several thousand years old. Trees have been in existence for 370 million years. It is estimated that there are some three trillion mature trees in the world. A tree typically has many secondary branches supported clear of the ground by the trunk. This trunk typically ...
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Topsoil
Topsoil is the upper layer of soil. It has the highest concentration of organic matter and microorganisms and is where most of the Earth's biological soil activity occurs. Description Topsoil is composed of mineral particles and organic matter and usually extends to a depth of 5-10 inches (13–25 cm). Together these make a substrate capable of holding water and air which encourages biological activity. There are generally a high concentration of roots in topsoil since this is where plants obtain most of their vital nutrients. It also plays host to significant bacterial, fungal and entomological activity without which soil quality would degrade and become less suitable for plants. Bacteria and fungi can be essential in facilitating nutrient exchange with plants and in breaking down organic matter into a form that roots can absorb. Insects also play important roles in breaking down material and aerating and rotating the soil. Many species directly contribute to the health ...
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Landslide
Landslides, also known as landslips, are several forms of mass wasting that may include a wide range of ground movements, such as rockfalls, deep-seated grade (slope), slope failures, mudflows, and debris flows. Landslides occur in a variety of environments, characterized by either steep or gentle slope gradients, from mountain ranges to coastal cliffs or even underwater, in which case they are called submarine landslides. Gravity is the primary driving force for a landslide to occur, but there are other factors affecting slope stability that produce specific conditions that make a slope prone to failure. In many cases, the landslide is triggered by a specific event (such as a heavy rainfall, an earthquake, a slope cut to build a road, and many others), although this is not always identifiable. Causes Landslides occur when the slope (or a portion of it) undergoes some processes that change its condition from stable to unstable. This is essentially due to a decrease in the She ...
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