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Span (engineering)
In engineering, span is the distance between two adjacent structural supports (e.g., two piers) of a structural member (e.g., a beam). Span is measured in the horizontal direction either between the faces of the supports (clear span) or between the centers of the bearing surfaces (effective span): A span can be closed by a solid beam or by a rope. The first kind is used for bridges, the second one for power lines, overhead telecommunication lines, some type of antennas or for aerial tramway An aerial tramway, aerial tram, sky tram, cable car or aerial cablecar, aerial cableway, ropeway, téléphérique (French), or Seilbahn (German) is a type of aerial lift which uses one or two stationary cables for support, with a third movin ...s. Span is a significant factor in finding the strength and size of a beam as it determines the maximum bending moment and deflection. The maximum bending moment M_ and deflection \delta_in the pictured beam is found using: :M_ = \fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Engineering
Engineering is the practice of using natural science, mathematics, and the engineering design process to Problem solving#Engineering, solve problems within technology, increase efficiency and productivity, and improve Systems engineering, systems. Modern engineering comprises many subfields which include designing and improving infrastructure, machinery, vehicles, electronics, Materials engineering, materials, and energy systems. The Academic discipline, discipline of engineering encompasses a broad range of more Academic specialization, specialized fields of engineering, each with a more specific emphasis for applications of applied mathematics, mathematics and applied science, science. See glossary of engineering. The word '':wikt:engineering, engineering'' is derived from the Latin . Definition The American Engineers' Council for Professional Development (the predecessor of the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology aka ABET) has defined "engineering" as: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deflection (engineering)
In structural engineering, deflection is the degree to which a part of a long structural element (such as Beam (structure), beam) is deformation (mechanics), deformed laterally (in the direction transverse to its longitudinal axis) under a Structural load, load. It may be quantified in terms of an angle (angular displacement) or a distance (linear displacement (geometry), displacement). A longitudinal deformation (in the direction of the axis) is called ''elongation (mechanics), elongation''. The deflection distance of a member under a load can be calculated by Integral, integrating the function that mathematically describes the slope of the deflected shape of the member under that load. Standard formulas exist for the deflection of common Beam (structure), beam configurations and load cases at discrete locations. Otherwise methods such as virtual work, Direct integration of a beam, direct integration, Castigliano's method, Macaulay's method or the direct stiffness method are use ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Architectural Elements
:''The following Outline (list), outline is an overview and topical guide to architecture:'' Architecture – the process and the product of designing and constructing buildings. Architectural works with a certain indefinable combination of design quality and external circumstances may become cultural symbols and / or be considered works of art. What type of thing is architecture? Architecture can be described as all of the following: * Academic discipline – focused study in one academic field or profession. A discipline incorporates expertise, people, projects, communities, challenges, studies, inquiry, and research areas that are strongly associated with the given discipline. * Buildings – buildings and similar structures, the product of architecture, are referred to as architecture. * One of the arts – as an art form, architecture is an outlet of human expression, that is usually influenced by culture and which in turn helps to change culture. Archit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spans (architecture)
Span may refer to: Science, technology and engineering * Span (unit), the width of a human hand * Span (engineering), a section between two intermediate supports * Wingspan, the distance between the wingtips of a bird or aircraft * Sorbitan esters, also known as a spans * Nebbiolo, an Italian wine grape also known as Span Mathematics * Linear span, or simply span, in linear algebra * Span (category theory) Computing * , an HTML element; See div and span * Switched Port Analyzer, Cisco implementation of port mirroring * Smartphone ad hoc network * Critical path length in analysis of parallel algorithms Other uses * Span (band), a Norwegian rock band * Span (design firm), an American design studio * ''SPAN'' magazine, a publication of the US Embassy, New Delhi, India; see former editor V. D. Trivadi * Saudi Payments Network * CME SPAN, Standard Portfolio Analysis of Risk, for futures contracts * Span Developments, former UK builder People * Denard Span (born 1984), a baseba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Longest Cantilever Bridge Spans
This list of cantilever bridges ranks the world's cantilever bridges by the length of their main span. A cantilever bridge is a bridge built using cantilevers: structures that project horizontally into space, supported on only one end. Completed cantilever bridges This list only includes bridges that carry automobiles or trains. It does not include suspension bridges, cable-stayed bridges, footbridges or pipeline bridges. The span must be 720 feet (220 m) or over to be included in the list. : ''Note: Click on each bridge's rank to go to the bridge's website. The list may be incomplete. Sourced additions are welcomed.'' See also * List of cantilever bridges * List of spans References * {{Bridge footer Cantilever bridges, *List Lists of bridges, Cantilever bridges Lists by length, Cantilever bridges Longest things, Bridges, cantilever Lists of construction records Lists of largest buildings and structures, Bridges, cantilever ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Longest Suspension Bridge Spans
The world's longest suspension bridges are listed according to the length of their main span (i.e., the length of suspended roadway between the bridge's towers). The length of the main span is the most common method of comparing the sizes of suspension bridges, often correlating with the height of the towers and the engineering complexity involved in designing and constructing the bridge. If one bridge has a longer span than another, it does not necessarily mean that the bridge is longer from shore to shore (or from abutment to abutment). Suspension bridges have the longest spans of any type of bridge. Cable-stayed bridges, the next longest design, are practical for spans up to just over 1 kilometre (the longest cable-stayed bridge in the world has a 1,104m span). Therefore, as of January 2025, the 33 longest bridges on this list are the 33 longest spans of all types of vehicular bridges (other than floating pontoon bridges). The 1915 Çanakkale Bridge in Turkey holds the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Spans
The following is a list of spans, either used for overhead line crossings of rivers, sea straits or valleys, as antenna or for aerial tramways. Powerline spans in flat areas with high pylons At these spans the sag of the conductors is less than the height of the pylons Powerline spans in mountainous areas requiring shorter pylons At these spans, the pylons are situated on the tops of mountains, so the topography determines the height of the lines. Because of this it is possible that the span pylons can be lower than the height of the line at point of largest sag. Antenna spans across valleys Aerial tramways Rope Tyroleans Other See also * List of longest suspension bridge spans * List of longest cantilever bridge spans * Timeline of three longest spans References {{Reflist Spans (architecture), * Lists of construction records ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tensile Stress
In continuum mechanics, stress is a physical quantity that describes forces present during deformation. For example, an object being pulled apart, such as a stretched elastic band, is subject to ''tensile'' stress and may undergo elongation. An object being pushed together, such as a crumpled sponge, is subject to ''compressive'' stress and may undergo shortening. The greater the force and the smaller the cross-sectional area of the body on which it acts, the greater the stress. Stress has dimension of force per area, with SI units of newtons per square meter (N/m2) or pascal (Pa). Stress expresses the internal forces that neighbouring particles of a continuous material exert on each other, while ''strain'' is the measure of the relative deformation of the material. For example, when a solid vertical bar is supporting an overhead weight, each particle in the bar pushes on the particles immediately below it. When a liquid is in a closed container under pressure, each pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Moment Of Area
The second moment of area, or second area moment, or quadratic moment of area and also known as the area moment of inertia, is a geometrical property of an area which reflects how its points are distributed with regard to an arbitrary axis. The second moment of area is typically denoted with either an I (for an axis that lies in the plane of the area) or with a J (for an axis perpendicular to the plane). In both cases, it is calculated with a multiple integral over the object in question. Its dimension is L (length) to the fourth power. Its unit of dimension, when working with the International System of Units, is meters to the fourth power, m4, or inches to the fourth power, in4, when working in the Imperial System of Units or the US customary system. In structural engineering, the second moment of area of a beam is an important property used in the calculation of the beam's deflection and the calculation of stress caused by a moment applied to the beam. In order to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Modulus Of Elasticity
An elastic modulus (also known as modulus of elasticity (MOE)) is a quantity that describes an object's or substance's resistance to being deformed elastically (i.e., non-permanently) when a stress is applied to it. Definition The elastic modulus of an object is defined as the slope of its stress–strain curve in the elastic deformation region: A stiffer material will have a higher elastic modulus. An elastic modulus has the form: :\delta \ \stackrel\ \frac where stress is the force causing the deformation divided by the area to which the force is applied and strain is the ratio of the change in some parameter caused by the deformation to the original value of the parameter. Since strain is a dimensionless quantity, the units of \delta will be the same as the units of stress. Elastic constants and moduli Elastic constants are specific parameters that quantify the stiffness of a material in response to applied stresses and are fundamental in defining the elastic pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bending Moment
In solid mechanics, a bending moment is the Reaction (physics), reaction induced in a structural element when an external force or Moment of force, moment is applied to the element, causing the element to bending, bend. The most common or simplest structural element subjected to bending moments is the Beam (structure), beam. The diagram shows a beam which is simply supported (free to rotate and therefore lacking bending moments) at both ends; the ends can only react to the Shear stress, shear loads. Other beams can have both ends fixed (known as encastre beam); therefore each end support has both bending moments and shear reaction loads. Beams can also have one end fixed and one end simply supported. The simplest type of beam is the cantilever, which is fixed at one end and is free at the other end (neither simple nor fixed). In reality, beam supports are usually neither absolutely fixed nor absolutely rotating freely. The internal reaction loads in a cross section (geometry), cr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Structural Support
A structural support is a part of a building or structure that provides the necessary stiffness and strength in order to resist the internal forces (vertical forces of gravity and lateral forces due to wind and earthquakes) and guide them safely to the ground. External loads (actions of other bodies) that act on buildings cause internal forces (forces and couples by the rest of the structure) in building support structures. Supports can be either at the end or at any intermediate point along a structural member or a constituent part of a building and they are referred to as connections, joints or restraints. Building support structures, no matter what materials are used, have to give accurate and safe results. A structure depends less on the weight and stiffness of a material and more on its geometry for stability. Whatever the condition is, a specific rigidity is necessary for connection designs. The support connection type has effects on the load bearing capacity of each eleme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
