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Soviet Naval Reactors
Soviet naval reactors have been used to power both military and civilian vessels, including: * Nuclear submarines: ** Attack submarines. ** Cruise missile submarines. ** Ballistic missile submarines. * Nuclear icebreakers: ** ** s ** s * Russian floating nuclear power stations: ** * Nuclear cruisers: ** s * Merchant ship: ** * Command ship: ** ''SSV-33 Ural'' They have included both pressurized water reactors and a relatively few liquid metal fast reactors. OKBM Afrikantov has been the primary designer of naval reactors for the Soviet/Russian Navy for more than 60 years. Reactor types '**'KPM-6 is developed by OKBM Afrikantov. See also * List of commercial nuclear reactors * List of United States Naval reactors * Nuclear marine propulsion *Rolls-Royce PWR – United Kingdom's naval reactors * United States Naval reactors United States naval reactors are nuclear reactors used by the United States Navy aboard certain ships to generate the steam used to produce power ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nuclear Submarine
A nuclear submarine is a submarine powered by a nuclear reactor, but not necessarily nuclear-armed. Nuclear submarines have considerable performance advantages over "conventional" (typically diesel-electric) submarines. Nuclear propulsion, being completely independent of air, frees the submarine from the need to surface frequently, as is necessary for conventional submarines. The large amount of power generated by a nuclear reactor allows nuclear submarines to operate at high speed for long periods, and the long interval between refuelings grants a range virtually unlimited, making the only limits on voyage times being imposed by such factors as the need to restock food or other consumables. The limited energy stored in electric batteries means that even the most advanced conventional submarine can only remain submerged for a few days at slow speed, and only a few hours at top speed, though recent advances in air-independent propulsion have somewhat ameliorated this disadv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Victor-class Submarine
The Victor class, Soviet designations Project 671 ''Yorsh'', Project 671RT ''Syomga'' and Project 671RTM/RTMK ''Shchuka'', (NATO reporting names Victor I, Victor II and Victor III, respectively), are series of nuclear-powered attack submarines built in the Soviet Union and operated by the Soviet Navy. Since the 1960s, 48 units were built in total, of which the last remaining are currently in service with the Russian Navy. The Victor-class submarines featured a teardrop shape, allowing them to travel at high speed. These vessels were primarily designed to protect Soviet surface fleets and to attack American ballistic missile submarines. Project 671 began in 1959 with the design task assigned to SKB-143 (one of the predecessors of the Malakhit Marine Engineering Bureau). Versions Project 671 ''Yorsh'' (Victor I) Soviet designation Project 671 ''Yorsh'' (ruffe)—was the initial type that entered service in 1967; 16 were produced. Each had six torpedo tubes for launching Type ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
OK-650 Reactor
The OK-650 reactor is the nuclear fission reactor used for powering the Soviet Navy's Project 685 Плавник/''Plavnik'' (Mike), Project 971 Щука-Б/''Shchuka-B'' ( Akula), and Project 945 Барракуда/''Barrakuda'', Кондор/''Kondor'', and Марс/''Mars'' ( Sierra) submarines, and in pairs to power the Project 941 Акула/''Akula'' (Typhoon) and Project 949 Гранит/''Granit'' and Антей/''Antei'' ( Oscar) third generation submarines. This pressurized water reactor (PWR) uses 20-45% enriched uranium-235 fuel to produce 190 MW of thermal power. Developed during the 1970s, these reactors were designed with the aim of minimizing accidents and malfunctions. Monitoring subsystems, designed for rapid detection of leaks, were included, along with newer-generation emergency cooling systems for the main reactor core. The reactor is now also used to power the new Project 955 Borei submarines. It was developed by OKBM Afrikantov OKBM Afrikantov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Delta III-class Submarine
The Delta III-class submarine, Soviet designation Project 667BDR ''Kaľmar'' (Squid), is a large ballistic missile submarine operated by the Russian Navy. Like other previous s, the Delta III class is a double hulled design, with a thin low magnetic steel outer hull wrapped around a thicker inner pressure hull. Design The technical description and requirements for a new ballistic missile submarine were published in 1972. Development of Project 667BDR was begun at the Rubin Central Design Bureau for Marine Engineering under the direction of main designer Sergeiy Nikiticz Kovalev (Сергей Никитич Ковалёв). The submarine was to be a successor to the project 667BD. The Delta III-class submarines are significantly quieter and have a higher missile section for newer, longer-ranged missiles. The hull is divided into ten waterproof sections. The first, third, and tenth sections are emergency sections with escape hatches and transverse struts added to increase pressu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
KLT-40 Reactor
The KLT-40 family are nuclear fission reactors originating from OK-150 and OK-900 ship reactors. KLT-40 were developed to power the ''Taymyr''-class icebreakers (KLT-40M, 171 MW) and the LASH carrier ''Sevmorput'' (KLT-40, 135 MW).Nuclear icebreakers . Bellona Foundation, 18 June 1997. They are s (PWR) fueled by either 30–40% or 90%90 % according to information provided to Norwegian government in 1990, 30–40 % according to |
Delta-class Submarine
The Delta class, (Russian: Дельта) Soviet designations Project 667B ''Murena'', Project 667BD ''Murena-M'', Project 667BDR ''Kalmar'', Project 667BDRM ''Delfin'', (NATO reporting names Delta I, Delta II, Delta III, Delta IV respectively) are a series of nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines, designed and built in the Soviet Union, which formed the backbone of the Soviet and Russian strategic submarine fleet since their introduction in 1973. They carry nuclear ballistic missiles of the R-29 Vysota family, with the Delta I, Delta II, Delta III and Delta IV classes carrying the R-29 (NATO reporting name: SS-N-8 'Sawfly'), R-29D (SS-N-8 'Sawfly'), R-29R (SS-N-18 'Stingray') and R-29RM (SS-N-23 'Skiff') respectively. The Delta I class carried 12 missiles, while the Delta II class which are lengthened versions of the Delta I class carry 16 missiles. The Delta III and Delta IV classes carry 16 missiles with multiple warheads and have improved electronics and noise reducti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alfa-class Submarine
The Alfa class, Soviet designation Project 705 Lira (russian: Лира, meaning " Lyre", NATO reporting name Alfa), was a class of nuclear-powered attack submarines in service with the Soviet Navy from 1971 into the early 1990s, with one serving later with the Russian Navy until 1996. They were the fastest military submarines ever built, with only the prototype submarine ( NATO reporting name Papa-class) exceeding them in submerged speed. The Project 705 submarines had a unique design among other submarines. In addition to the revolutionary use of titanium for its hull, it used a powerful lead-bismuth cooled fast reactor as a power source, which greatly reduced the size of the reactor compared to conventional designs, thus reducing the overall size of the submarine, and allowing for very high speeds. However, it also meant that the reactor had a short lifetime and had to be kept warm when it was not being used. As a result, the submarines were used as interceptors, mostly kep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BM-40A Reactor
The BM-40A reactor is the nuclear fission reactor used to power four of the seven boats of the Soviet Navy's Project 705 Лира (Lira or Alfa in NATO designation) fourth generation submarines. It is a liquid metal cooled reactor (LMR), using highly enriched uranium-235 fuel to produce 155 MWt of power. It was developed by OKB Gidropress in cooperation with IPPE. ''BM-40A'' has two steam circulation loops. See also * OK-550 reactor External links Project 705 Lira Alfa class at the Federation of American Scientists The Federation of American Scientists (FAS) is an American nonprofit global policy think tank with the stated intent of using science and scientific analysis to attempt to make the world more secure. FAS was founded in 1946 by scientists who w ... website. Lead-bismuth cooled reactor plants for nuclear submarinesat the Gidropress website. Soviet naval reactors Liquid metal fast reactors {{nuclear-energy-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
OK-550 Reactor
The OK-550 reactor is the nuclear fission reactor used to power three of the seven boats of the Soviet Navy's Project 705 Лира (Lira or Alfa in NATO designation) fourth generation submarines. It is a liquid metal cooled reactor (LMR), using highly enriched uranium-235 fuel to produce 155 MWt of power. ''OK-550'' has three separate steam circulation loops, and was used in the boats built at Severodvinsk. The reactor was developed by OKBM OKBM Afrikantov (full name: OAO I. I. Afrikantov OKB Mechanical Engineering, russian: Опытное конструкторское бюро машиностроения им. И. И. Африкантова) is a nuclear engineering com .... See also * BM-40A reactor External links Project 705 Lira Alfa classat the Federation of American Scientists website. Soviet naval reactors Liquid metal fast reactors {{nuclear-energy-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Icebreaker Lenin
''Lenin'' (russian: Ленин) was a USSR, Soviet nuclear-powered icebreaker, the first nuclear-powered icebreaker in the world. Launched in 1957, it was both the world's first Nuclear marine propulsion, nuclear-powered surface ship and the first List of civilian nuclear ships, nuclear-powered civilian vessel. ''Lenin'' entered operation in 1959 and worked clearing sea routes for cargo ships along Russia's northern coast. From 1960 to 1965 the ship covered over during the Arctic navigation season, of which almost was through ice. Nuclear power proved to be an ideal technology for a vessel working in such a remote area as it removed the need for regular replenishment of fuel. On 10 April 1974 the vessel was awarded the Order of Lenin. It was officially decommissioned in 1989. It was subsequently converted to a museum ship and is now permanently based at Murmansk. Propulsion When launched in 1957, ''Lenin'' was powered by three OK-150 reactor, OK-150 reactors. In its late-1960s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
OK-900 Reactor
The OK-150 reactor (1st generation) and its successor, the OK-900 reactor (2nd generation) are Soviet marine nuclear reactors used to power ships at sea. They are pressurized water reactors (PWRs) that use enriched uranium-235 fuel. They have been used in various Russian nuclear-powered icebreaker ships. The reactor was developed by OKBM. OK-150 specifications: *Fuel: 5% enriched uranium in the form of ceramic uranium dioxide () fuel elements with a cladding. Different cladding materials were used; initially zirconium, later on, stainless steel as well as a zirconium- niobium alloy were tried. *Fuel load: 75 to 85 kilograms *Power production: 90 megawatts Distilled water was used for heat transfer and as a moderator. The core was 1.6 m high by 1 m diameter. It consisted of 219 fuel assemblies, totalling 7,704 fuel pins. There was a biological shield made of concrete mixed with metal shavings. OK-900A specifications: *Fuel: 90% enriched uranium in the form of metal A meta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papa Class Submarine
''K-222'', Soviet designation Project 661 ''Anchar'', was a Soviet Navy nuclear-powered cruise missile submarine, the only one of its design. ''K-222'' was claimed to be the world's fastest submarine. Originally named ''K-162'', the boat was renamed ''K-222'' in 1978. It is best known in the West by its NATO reporting name, Papa class. Design The project was intentionally conceived to be highly innovative by discouraging the reuse of prior technical solutions. While forcing innovation, this also slowed development. Project 661 began in 1959, with the design task assigned to OKB-16, one of the two predecessors (along with SKB-143) of the Malakhit Central Design Bureau, which would eventually become one of the three Soviet/Russian submarine design centers, along with the Rubin Design Bureau and Lazurit Central Design Bureau. ''K-222'' was designed as an extremely fast attack submarine, and was the first submarine built with a titanium hull. The twin-propeller boat was armed wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
